Journal ArticleDOI
Atomic-force microscopy: Rhodopsin dimers in native disc membranes
Dimitrios Fotiadis,Yan Liang,Slawomir Filipek,David A. Saperstein,Andreas Engel,Krzysztof Palczewski +5 more
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In this article, the authors used infrared-laser atomic-force microscopy to reveal the native arrangement of rhodopsin, which forms paracrystalline arrays of dimers in mouse disc membranes.Abstract:
Neat rows of paired photon receptors are caught on camera in their natural state. In vertebrate retinal photoreceptors, the rod outer-segment disc membranes contain densely packed rhodopsin molecules for optimal light absorption and subsequent amplification by the visual signalling cascade1, but how these photon receptors are organized with respect to each other is not known. Here we use infrared-laser atomic-force microscopy to reveal the native arrangement of rhodopsin, which forms paracrystalline arrays of dimers in mouse disc membranes. The visualization of these closely packed rhodopsin dimers in native membranes gives experimental support to earlier inferences about their supramolecular structure2,3 and provides insight into how light signalling is controlled.read more
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Heterotrimeric G protein activation by G-protein-coupled receptors
William M. Oldham,Heidi E. Hamm +1 more
TL;DR: The complex series of interactions and conformational changes that connect agonist binding to G protein activation raise various interesting questions about the structure, biomechanics, kinetics and specificity of signal transduction across the plasma membrane.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial and animal rhodopsins: structures, functions, and molecular mechanisms.
Oliver P. Ernst,David T. Lodowski,Marcus Elstner,Peter Hegemann,Leonid S. Brown,Hideki Kandori +5 more
TL;DR: Rhodopsins found in Eukaryotes, Bacteria, and Archaea consist of opsin apoproteins and a covalently linked retinal which is employed to absorb photons for energy conversion or the initiation of intra- or intercellular signaling.
Journal ArticleDOI
Identification of a serotonin/glutamate receptor complex implicated in psychosis
Javier González-Maeso,Rosalind L. Ang,Tony Yuen,Pokman Chan,Noelia V. Weisstaub,Juan F. López-Giménez,Mingming Zhou,Yuuya Okawa,Luis F. Callado,Graeme Milligan,Jay A. Gingrich,Marta Filizola,J. Javier Meana,Stuart C. Sealfon +13 more
TL;DR: It is shown that the mGluR2 interacts through specific transmembrane helix domains with the 2AR, a member of an unrelated G-protein-coupled receptor family, to form functional complexes in brain cortex that may be involved in the altered cortical processes of schizophrenia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors
Robert P. Millar,Robert P. Millar,Zhi-Liang Lu,Adam J. Pawson,Colleen A. Flanagan,Kevin Morgan,Stuart Maudsley +6 more
TL;DR: Delineation of the structural elements in GnRH and the receptor, which facilitate differential signaling, will contribute to the development of novel interventive GnRH analogs.
Journal ArticleDOI
G protein-coupled receptor rhodopsin.
TL;DR: Evidence is provided of the propensity of rhodopsin and, most likely, other GPCRs to dimerize, a property that may be pertinent to their function.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Crystal Structure of Rhodopsin: A G Protein-Coupled Receptor
Krzysztof Palczewski,Takashi Kumasaka,Tetsuya Hori,Craig A. Behnke,H. Motoshima,Brian A. Fox,I. Le Trong,David C. Teller,Tetsuji Okada,Ronald E. Stenkamp,Masaki Yamamoto,Masashi Miyano +11 more
TL;DR: This article determined the structure of rhodopsin from diffraction data extending to 2.8 angstroms resolution and found that the highly organized structure in the extracellular region, including a conserved disulfide bridge, forms a basis for the arrangement of the sevenhelix transmembrane motif.
Journal ArticleDOI
Confronting complexity: the interlink of phototransduction and retinoid metabolism in the vertebrate retina.
TL;DR: Recent developments in current understanding of the retinoid cycle at the molecular level are summarized, and the relevance of these reactions to phototransduction is examined.
Journal ArticleDOI
G-protein-coupled receptor dimerization: modulation of receptor function
TL;DR: This review provides a brief overview of some of the techniques employed to describe GPCR dimers, and discusses their respective limitations, and examines the implications of dimerization/oligomerization on GPCRs function.
Journal Article
Photoreceptor membrane proteins, phototransduction, and retinal degenerative diseases : The Friedenwald lecture
TL;DR: Rod and cone photoreceptor cells are specialized neurons of the vertebrate retina that function in the primary events of vision and have been extensively studied at a cellular level.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dimerization of G-protein-coupled receptors.
Mark K. Dean,Christopher Higgs,Richard E. Smith,Robert P. Bywater,Christopher R. Snell,Paul D. Scott,Graham J. G. Upton,Trevor John Howe,Christopher A. Reynolds +8 more
TL;DR: The observation of a functionally important cluster of residues on helices 2 and 3 is novel, and some possible interpretations are given, including heterodimerization and oligomerization.