Attraction between negatively charged surfaces mediated by spherical counterions with quadrupolar charge distribution
08 Sep 2008-Journal of Chemical Physics (American Institute of Physics)-Vol. 129, Iss: 10, pp 105101-105101
TL;DR: For high enough charge densities of the interacting surfaces and large enough l, the interaction between surfaces turns repulsive as the distance between charges is reduced, and within a mean field approach an attractive interaction between like-charged surfaces originating from orientational ordering of quadrupolar counterions is obtained.
Abstract: We observed monoclonal antibody mediated coalescence of negatively charged giant unilamellar phospholipid vesicles upon close approach of the vesicles. This feature is described, using a mean field density functional theory and Monte Carlo simulations, as that of two interacting flat electrical double layers. Antibodies are considered as spherical counterions of finite dimensions with two equal effective charges spatially separated by a fixed distance l inside it. We calculate the equilibrium configuration of the system by minimizing the free energy. The results obtained by solving the integrodifferential equation and by performing the Monte Carlo simulation are in excellent agreement. For high enough charge densities of the interacting surfaces and large enough l, we obtain within a mean field approach an attractive interaction between like-charged surfaces originating from orientational ordering of quadrupolar counterions. As expected, the interaction between surfaces turns repulsive as the distance between charges is reduced.
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TL;DR: Perhaps the most spectacular and surprising one-dimensional structures and their unique biomedical applications for increased osseointegration, protein interaction and antibacterial properties are focused on.
Abstract: Titanium and titanium alloys exhibit a unique combination of strength and biocompatibility, which enables their use in medical applications and accounts for their extensive use as implant materials in the last 50 years. Currently, a large amount of research is being carried out in order to determine the optimal surface topography for use in bioapplications, and thus the emphasis is on nanotechnology for biomedical applications. It was recently shown that titanium implants with rough surface topography and free energy increase osteoblast adhesion, maturation and subsequent bone formation. Furthermore, the adhesion of different cell lines to the surface of titanium implants is influenced by the surface characteristics of titanium; namely topography, charge distribution and chemistry. The present review article focuses on the specific nanotopography of titanium, i.e. titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes, using a simple electrochemical anodisation method of the metallic substrate and other processes such as the hydrothermal or sol-gel template. One key advantage of using TiO2 nanotubes in cell interactions is based on the fact that TiO2 nanotube morphology is correlated with cell adhesion, spreading, growth and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, which were shown to be maximally induced on smaller diameter nanotubes (15 nm), but hindered on larger diameter (100 nm) tubes, leading to cell death and apoptosis. Research has supported the significance of nanotopography (TiO2 nanotube diameter) in cell adhesion and cell growth, and suggests that the mechanics of focal adhesion formation are similar among different cell types. As such, the present review will focus on perhaps the most spectacular and surprising one-dimensional structures and their unique biomedical applications for increased osseointegration, protein interaction and antibacterial properties.
395 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that osteoblasts are most strongly bound along the sharp convex edges or spikes of nanorough titanium surfaces where the magnitude of the negative surface charge density is the highest and it is plausible that nanorough regions of titanium surfaces with sharp edges and spikes promote the adhesion of osteoblast.
Abstract: This work considers the adhesion of cells to a nanorough titanium implant surface with sharp edges. The basic assumption was that the attraction between the negatively charged titanium surface and a negatively charged osteoblast is mediated by charged proteins with a distinctive quadrupolar internal charge distribution. Similarly, cation-mediated attraction between fibronectin molecules and the titanium surface is expected to be more efficient for a high surface charge density, resulting in facilitated integrin mediated osteoblast adhesion. We suggest that osteoblasts are most strongly bound along the sharp convex edges or spikes of nanorough titanium surfaces where the magnitude of the negative surface charge density is the highest. It is therefore plausible that nanorough regions of titanium surfaces with sharp edges and spikes promote the adhesion of osteoblasts.
168 citations
Cites background from "Attraction between negatively charg..."
...The origin of attractive interactions between two negatively charged surfaces lies in the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged domains on the tips of the titanium surface-bound proteins and the negative charges of the opposite osteoblast membrane (Figure 2B).(15,27) 15 nm...
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...The corresponding attractive force is also called the bridging force.(15,27) The origin of attractive interactions between two negatively charged surfaces lies in the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged domains on the tips of the titanium surface-bound proteins and the negative charges of the opposite osteoblast membrane (Figure 2B)....
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...A typical example of such a bridging protein with positively charged tips is β 2-GPI protein which may induce strong attraction between negatively charged surfaces.(27,28) In accordance with the above suggested mechanism of protein-mediated interaction between negatively charged osteoblasts and a negatively charged titanium surface, many studies in the past indicated that increased negative surface potential of the titanium implant promotes osteoblast adhesion and consequently new bone formation....
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...Note that a nonzero quadrupolar internal charge distribution of the protein does not exclude the possibility that the protein carries net zero or negative total charge (see also).(27,28) In order to assess the influence of geometrically structured titanium profiles on the surface charge density and electric field at the implant surface, we concentrated on estimation of the electric field at their most convex part....
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TL;DR: The influence of a finite volume of ions and orientational ordering of water Langevin dipoles on the dielectric permittivity profile in the vicinity of charged surface is studied theoretically via a numerical solution of the modified Poisson-Boltzmann equation.
73 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that the synergy between these two processes is responsible for successful osteointegration along the titanium surface implant.
Abstract: Due to oxidation and adsorption of chloride and hydroxyl anions, the surface of titanium (Ti) implants is negatively charged. A possible mechanism of the attractive interaction between the negatively charged Ti surface and the negatively charged osteoblasts is described theoretically. It is shown that adhesion of positively charged proteins with internal charge distribution may give rise to attractive interaction between the Ti surface and the osteoblast membrane. A dynamic model of the osteoblast attachment is presented in order to study the impact of geometrically structured Ti surfaces on the osteoblasts attachment. It is indicated that membrane-bound protein complexes (PCs) may increase the membrane protrusion growth between the osteoblast and the grooves on titanium (Ti) surface and thereby facilitate the adhesion of osteoblasts to the Ti surface. On the other hand, strong local adhesion due to electrostatic forces may locally trap the osteoblast membrane and hinder the further spreading of osteointe...
72 citations
Cites methods from "Attraction between negatively charg..."
...The hard-core interactions between the proteins and the charged surfaces of implant are taken into account by means of the distance of the closest approach (Urbanija et al. 2008; Perutkova, Frank et al. 2010)....
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that nontrivial interactions between steric effect and electrical-double-layer (EDL) overlap phenomena may augment the effective extent of EDL overlap in narrow fluidic confinements to a significant extent by virtue of rendering the channel centerline potential tending to the ζ potential in a limiting sense as the stericEffect progressively intensifies.
Abstract: In this paper, we demonstrate that nontrivial interactions between steric effect and electrical-double-layer (EDL) overlap phenomena may augment the effective extent of EDL overlap in narrow fluidic confinements to a significant extent by virtue of rendering the channel centerline potential tending to the ζ potential in a limiting sense as the steric effect progressively intensifies. Such a behavior may result in a virtually uniform (undiminished) magnitude of the EDL potential across the entire channel height and may cause lowering of the total charge within the EDL.
66 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review of classical statistical mechanics, including phase separation in binary mixtures, and differential geometrical models of surfaces and interfaces, as well as a discussion of long-range interactions.
Abstract: * NOTE: Each Part begins with an Introduction, and ends with Problems and References. Mixtures and Interfaces * Complex Materials and Interfaces * Review of Classical Statistical Mechanics * Phase Separation in Binary Mixtures * Differential Geometry of Surfaces * Review of Hydrodynamics Interfacial Tension * Free Energy of Surfaces and Interfaces * Surface/Interfacial Tension Theory * Surface-Active Agents Fluctuations of Interfaces * Free Energy of a Fluctuating Interface * Thermal Fluctuations of Interfaces * Capillary Instabilities of Interfaces * Roughening Transition of Solid Surfaces Wetting of Interfaces * Equilibrium * Long-Range Interactions: Macroscopic Theory * Fluctuations of the Contact Line * Equilibrium: Microscopic Description * Dynamics of Wetting Interactions of Rigid Interfaces * Molecular Interactions * Van der Waals Interaction Energies * Continuum Theory of van der Waals Forces * Electrostatic Interactions * Solute-Induced Interactions Flexible Interfaces * Fluid Membranes and Surfactants * Curvature Elasticity of Fluid Membranes * Curvature Moduli * Fluctuations of Fluid Membranes * Interactions of Fluid Membranes Colloidal Dispersions * Dispersions of Interacting Particles * Colloid interactions: DLVO Theory * Long-Range Electrostatic Interactions * Steric Interactions: Polymer Adsorption * Structure of Colloidal Aggregates Self-Absorbing Interfaces * Micelles * Vesicles * Microemulsions * Spongelike and Bicontinuous Phases
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TL;DR: The thermodynamic consequences of electrostatic correlations in a variety of systems ranging from classical plasmas to molecular biology are reviewed.
Abstract: Electrostatic correlations play an important role in physics, chemistry and biology. In plasmas they result in thermodynamic instability similar to the liquid–gas phase transition of simple molecular fluids. For charged colloidal suspensions the electrostatic correlations are responsible for screening and colloidal charge renormalization. In aqueous solutions containing multivalent counterions they can lead to charge inversion and flocculation. In biological systems the correlations account for the organization of cytoskeleton and the compaction of genetic material. In spite of their ubiquity, the true importance of electrostatic correlations has come to be fully appreciated only quite recently. In this paper, we will review the thermodynamic consequences of electrostatic correlations in a variety of systems ranging from classical plasmas to molecular biology.
988 citations