Augmenting the Role of Tourism Governance in Addressing Destination Justice, Ethics, and Equity for Sustainable Community-Based Tourism
01 Jan 2021-Vol. 2, Iss: 1, pp 15-42
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed an integrated framework of sustainable community-based tourism (SCBT) based on a comprehensive literature review, which identified that there was a significant under-representation of key elements such as justice, ethics, and equity in the domain of governance both in the STD and CBT literatures.
Abstract: Sustainable tourism development (STD) serves as a founding and guiding concept that can be applied to all forms of tourism, whereas community-based tourism (CBT) has been largely practiced as an alternative form of tourism development. Past research has suggested critical theoretical and practical omissions in both STD and CBT related to issues of community well-being, justice, ethics, and equity. With an objective of bridging these gaps, this research developed an integrated framework of sustainable community-based tourism (SCBT) based on a comprehensive literature review, which identified that there was a significant under-representation of key elements such as justice, ethics, and equity in the domain of governance both in the STD and CBT literatures. The qualitative research mixed emergent data with theory driven data and conducted semi-structured interviews with 40 diverse tourism stakeholders in the twin cities of Bryan–College Station (BCS) in Texas. Results revealed that tourism helped to promote cultural preservation and community pride and promoted the sense of mutual respect and understanding among visitors and stakeholders. However, some ethnic minorities felt they were not receiving full benefits of tourism. The study concluded that a more proactive, inclusive, ethic of care oriented tourism governance to help ensure sustainable tourism development is needed.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a SWOT analysis was used to determine the feasibility for the Ngukurr people to venture into the field of tourism, and a possible solution to this problem is the creation of joint ventures with companies that have prior experience in tourism.
Abstract: Opportunities that will provide sustainable development for Indigenous Australians are investigated. Specifically, the micro-enterprise endeavors in ecotourism of an Indigenous clan in Ngukurr are presented, with attention to the planning process undertaken. The need for adequate business planning to achieve economic success is emphasized. A SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis was used to determine the feasibility for the Ngukurr people to venture into the field of tourism. Findings reveal that, while Indigenous enterprises have some competitive advantages, most of these enterprises do not possess the skills or financial resources to handle all the work successfully. A possible solution to this problem is the creation of joint ventures with companies that have prior experience in tourism. It is also concluded that the federal government's CDEP program could also support native businesses that are unable to procure financial backing from the usual sources. (SRY)
136 citations
14 Jul 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, a case study of the implementation of responsible tourism practices in Kumarakom, Kerala, India is presented, which emphasises the role of the public sector and the local planning authority in the promotion, implementation and regulation of sustainable responsible tourism practice.
Abstract: ‘Responsible tourism’ is a concept that overlaps significantly with concepts of sustainable tourism, ethical tourism, pro-poor tourism and integrated tourism, but differs from these in the emphasis it places on the role of businesses in achieving sustainability. The genesis of the concept is squarely within the corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate social investment (CSI) practices of business concerns (George and Frey, 2010). The international appeal of the concept can be partly explained by the increased wider interest in CSR activities and the centrality given to the involvement and engagement of the private sector in managing impacts of tourism, in which the private sector is not only a fast growing presence but the major provider of experiences and services in most destinations worldwide (Ashley, 2005). Thus, besides offering a normative appeal, ‘responsible tourism’ also offers a pragmatic approach to plan and develop tourism in such a way that it could benefit the stakeholders at the destination communities.
In this paper, we discuss a case study of the implementation of responsible tourism practices in Kumarakom, Kerala, India. Through the case study we seek to emphasise the role of the public sector and the local planning authority in the promotion, implementation and regulation of sustainable responsible tourism practices. In particular, we emphasise the key brokering role of planning in i) devising forums of broad based consultation; ii) locating and leveraging various interests and powers to plan and design particular tourism strategies which benefit the locality; iii) articulating space related adaptations of generic policy concerns; and iv) ensuring and managing tourism growth in tandem with a redistribution/welfare agenda.
43 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 122 residents of three communities of the Tapajos-Arapiuns Extractive Reserve (RESEX), Brazilian Amazonia.
Abstract: Alternative tourism (AT) contributes to conservation, valuing the environment and recipient cultures with minimal impact, especially in protected areas. In this context, this article identified, considering the residents’ perception, the possible environmental impacts resulting from alternative tourism in communities of the Tapajos-Arapiuns Extractive Reserve (RESEX), Brazilian Amazonia. Thus, between February and April 2019 a semi-structured interview was conducted with 122 residents of three communities of RESEX (Ana, Maripa, and Sao Miguel). The interview script was divided into three groups of questions: (i) interviewee data, (ii) socioeconomic data, and (iii) perception of the concept and environmental impacts of alternative tourism. We used a snowball sampling method, which consists of a form of a non-probabilistic sample. The majority (91.8%) of the informants did not know how to explain the concept of alternative tourism; however, for 87.7% of them, this tourism does not generate negative impacts. Income is the most used expression (53%) by RESEX residents to demonstrate what alternative tourism positively impacts. About 74.6% of respondents reported that tourists do not influence local customs change, and 94.3% do not identify tourism-related violence. Finally, 89.3% say that tourists do not pollute the environments. The research carried out in this Conservation Unit deserves the attention of decision-makers, managers, technicians, and researchers. It provides subsidies for management programs to provide real bases for the analysis, interpretation, and planning of sustainable tourist spaces.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose another approach in the elaboration of the tourist development of the wilaya of Algiers, based on a precise diagnostic tool integrating relevant variables, both socioeconomic and environmental.
Abstract: Putting territories \"on the tourism\" seems to have become an unavoidable practice for all countries, regions and cities that wish to receive a share of the manna generated by tourism. This is the case of Algiers, the capital of Algeria, which has a proven but unfortunately badly exploited tourist potential. The objective of this study is to propose another approach in the elaboration of the strategy of tourist development of the wilaya of Algiers. The article thus aims at identifying effectively the real tourist dimension of the territory of Algiers.To do this, the method developed by the Equipe MIT was used, based essentially on a precise diagnostic tool integrating relevant variables, both socio-economic and environmental. Thus, the study of these ten variables showed that even if certain factors go against the development of tourism, such as the weak reactivity of the public authorities or a rate of tourist function almost null, the majority of these variables are favourable to the development of the tourist activity and to the \" putting in tourism \" of this territory. Thus, the wilaya of Algiers is a city with a tourist function and meets all the conditions of success for its development as a tourist destination.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors used the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) to determine the effect of hydropower output on tourism sustainability in the European Union (EU 27) states from 1990 to 2021.
Abstract: Hydropower comes with a lot of inestimable values. It is indubitably an eco-system-friendly resource that causes no harm to the natural state of the environment. This creates a better alternative to the heat energy radiating the earth. It is a cost-efficient source of energy and it offers unique opportunities to have cost-efficient tourism sector management in the EU region centers. The primary objective of this research is to determine the effect of hydropower output on tourism sustainability in the European Union (EU 27) states from 1990 to 2021. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) was adopted for this study. Findings from this study show that a significant increase in the tourism sector growth can occur in EU14 emerging economies using hydropower output and economic growth variables than in EU13 emerging economies. In addition, among other variables captured in this study, population density and good governance were seen to have a higher level of contribution to tourism sector growth in EU14 emerging economies than in EU13 emerging economies. It was also found that a significant increase in the tourism sector growth could be achieved in the EU13 emerging economies due to the high consumption of fossil fuels than in EU14 emerging economies. This finding implies that the EU27 could achieve sustainability in their tourism sector significantly through the substitution of fossil fuel output with hydropower. This will foster the attainment of Energy Union aims by 2030. It is also a good way to combat climate change and environmental pollution. Using the pooled mean group (PMG), mean group (MG), and dynamic fixed effect (DFE) methods, the projected calculations were seen to be valid. The study, therefore, recommended that EU27 countries should prioritize hydropower in their pursuit of renewable energy production as this will help them to achieve sustainability in their tourism sector and become secure in their energy need now and in the future time. The government, Politicians, and all other concerned stakeholders in the EU27 countries should strive towards replacing fossil fuels with hydropower. This will help to ensure sustainability in their tourism sector and there will be security in the energy sector of these EU27 Countries.
2 citations
References
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TL;DR: The authors delineate analytic procedures specific to each approach and techniques addressing trustworthiness with hypothetical examples drawn from the area of end-of-life care.
Abstract: Content analysis is a widely used qualitative research technique. Rather than being a single method, current applications of content analysis show three distinct approaches: conventional, directed, or summative. All three approaches are used to interpret meaning from the content of text data and, hence, adhere to the naturalistic paradigm. The major differences among the approaches are coding schemes, origins of codes, and threats to trustworthiness. In conventional content analysis, coding categories are derived directly from the text data. With a directed approach, analysis starts with a theory or relevant research findings as guidance for initial codes. A summative content analysis involves counting and comparisons, usually of keywords or content, followed by the interpretation of the underlying context. The authors delineate analytic procedures specific to each approach and techniques addressing trustworthiness with hypothetical examples drawn from the area of end-of-life care.
31,398 citations
TL;DR: A framework for conducting a scoping study is outlined based on recent experiences of reviewing the literature on services for carers for people with mental health problems and it is suggested that a wider debate is called for about the role of the scoped study in relation to other types of literature reviews.
Abstract: This paper focuses on scoping studies, an approach to reviewing the literature which to date has received little attention in the research methods literature. We distinguish between different types of scoping studies and indicate where these stand in relation to full systematic reviews. We outline a framework for conducting a scoping study based on our recent experiences of reviewing the literature on services for carers for people with mental health problems. Where appropriate, our approach to scoping the field is contrasted with the procedures followed in systematic reviews. We emphasize how including a consultation exercise in this sort of study may enhance the results, making them more useful to policy makers, practitioners and service users. Finally, we consider the advantages and limitations of the approach and suggest that a wider debate is called for about the role of the scoping study in relation to other types of literature reviews.
16,728 citations
Book•
01 Mar 1989
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an approach for recording, managing, and analyzing data in the context of qualitative research, defending the value and logic of research, and managing time and resources.
Abstract: Introduction The Substance of the Study Framing the Research Question How To Conduct the Study Designing the Research Data Collection Methods Recording, Managing, and Analyzing Data Managing Time and Resources Defending the Value and Logic of Qualitative Research
15,421 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: In this article, the Foundations of Social Research are discussed, and a background to research is discussed, as well as research design and experimental thinking, and qualitative and quantitative data analysis are discussed.
Abstract: Part I: Background to Research Chapter 1. About Social Science Chapter 2. The Foundations of Social Research Chapter 3. Preparing for Research Part II: Research Design Chapter 4. Research Design: Experiments and Experimental Thinking Chapter 5. Sampling: The Basics Chapter 6. Sampling Theory Chapter 7. Nonprobability Sampling Part III: Data Collection Chapter 8. Interviewing I: Unstructured and Semistructured Chapter 9. Interviewing II: Questionnaires Chapter 10. Interviewing III: Relational Data - Domains and Networks Chapter 11. Scales and Scaling Chapter 12: Participant Observation Chapter 13. Field Notes and Database Management Chapter 14: Direct and Indirect Observation Part IV Data Analysis Chapter 15: Introduction to Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis Chapter 16: Analyzing Cultural Domains and Proximity Matrices Chapter 17. Analyzing Qualitative Data I: Applying Logic to Text Chapter 18. Analyzing Qualitative Data II: Grammar Beyond the Sentence Chapter 19. Analyzing Qualitative Data III: Grounded Theory and Content Analysis Chapter 20. Univariate Analysis Chapter 21. Bivariate Analysis: Testing Relations Chapter 22. Multivariate Analysis Appendix A: Table of Areas under a Normal Curve Appendix B: Student's t Distribution Appendix C: Chi-Square Distribution Table Appendix D: F Table for the .05 Level of Significance Appendix E: Resources for Social Researchers
6,807 citations
TL;DR: Few review types possess prescribed and explicit methodologies and many fall short of being mutually exclusive, but this typology provides a valuable reference point for those commissioning, conducting, supporting or interpreting reviews, both within health information and the wider health care domain.
Abstract: Background and objectives : The expansion of evidence-based practice across sectors has lead to an increasing variety of review types. However, the diversity of terminology used means that the full potential of these review types may be lost amongst a confusion of indistinct and misapplied terms. The objective of this study is to provide descriptive insight into the most common types of reviews, with illustrative examples from health and health information domains. Methods : Following scoping searches, an examination was made of the vocabulary associated with the literature of review and synthesis (literary warrant). A simple analytical framework—Search, AppraisaL, Synthesis and Analysis (SALSA)—was used to examine the main review types. Results : Fourteen review types and associated methodologies were analysed against the SALSA framework, illustrating the inputs and processes of each review type. A description of the key characteristics is given, together with perceived strengths and weaknesses. A limited number of review types are currently utilized within the health information domain. Conclusions : Few review types possess prescribed and explicit methodologies and many fall short of being mutually exclusive. Notwithstanding such limitations, this typology provides a valuable reference point for those commissioning, conducting, supporting or interpreting reviews, both within health information and the wider health care domain.
5,571 citations