Journal ArticleDOI
Automated multifilter rotating shadow-band radiometer: an instrument for optical depth and radiation measurements
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TLDR
The multifilter rotating shadow-band radiometer is a ground-based instrument that uses independent interference-filter-photodiode detectors and the automated rotatingshadow-band technique to make spectrally resolved measurements at seven wavelength passbands of direct-normal, total-hor horizontal, and diffuse-horizontal spectral irradiances.Abstract:
The multifilter rotating shadow-band radiometer is a ground-based instrument that uses independent interference-filter-photodiode detectors and the automated rotating shadow-band technique to make spectrally resolved measurements at seven wavelength passbands (chosen at the time of manufacture between 350 nm and 1.7 µm) of direct-normal, total-horizontal, and diffuse-horizontal irradiances. This instrument achieves an accuracy in direct-normal spectral irradiance comparable with that of tracking radiometers, and it is more accurate than conventional instruments for the determination of the diffuse and total-horizontal spectral irradiances because the angular acceptance function of the instrument closely approximates the ideal cosine response, and because the measured direct-normal component can be corrected for the remaining angular acceptance error. The three irradiance components are measured with the same detector for a given wavelength. Together with the automated shadow-band technique, this guarantees hat the calibration coefficients are identical for each, thus reducing errors when one compares them (as opposed to measurements made with independent instruments). One can use the direct-normal component observations for Langley analysis to obtain depths and to provide an ongoing calibration against the solar constant by extrapolation to zero air mass. Thus the long-term stability of all three measured components can be tied to the solar constant by an analysis of the routinely collected data.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
AERONET-a federated instrument network and data archive for aerosol Characterization
Brent N. Holben,Thomas F. Eck,Ilya Slutsker,Didier Tanré,J. P. Buis,Alberto Setzer,Eric Vermote,John A. Reagan,Yoram J. Kaufman,Teruyuki Nakajima,François Lavenu,I. Jankowiak,Alexander Smirnov +12 more
TL;DR: The operation and philosophy of the monitoring system, the precision and accuracy of the measuring radiometers, a brief description of the processing system, and access to the database are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evolution of ozone, particulates, and aerosol direct radiative forcing in the vicinity of Houston using a fully coupled meteorology-chemistry-aerosol model
Jerome D. Fast,William I. Gustafson,Richard C. Easter,Rahul A. Zaveri,James C. Barnard,Elaine G. Chapman,Georg Grell,Georg Grell,Steven E. Peckham,Steven E. Peckham +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a fully coupled meteorology-chemistry-aerosol model is used to simulate the urban-to-regional-scale variations in trace gases, particulates, and aerosol direct radiative forcing in the vicinity of Houston over a 5 day summer period.
Journal ArticleDOI
A review of measurement-based assessments of the aerosol direct radiative effect and forcing
Hongbin Yu,Hongbin Yu,Yoram J. Kaufman,Mian Chin,Graham Feingold,Lorraine A. Remer,T. L. Anderson,Yves Balkanski,Nicolas Bellouin,Olivier Boucher,Sundar A. Christopher,P. DeCola,Ralph A. Kahn,Dorothy Koch,Norman G. Loeb,M. S. Reddy,Michael Schulz,Toshihiko Takemura,M. Zhou +18 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess the aerosol optical depth (τ), direct radiative effect (DRE), and direct climate forcing (DCF) by anthropogenic aerosols, focusing on satellite and ground-based measurements supplemented by global chemical transport model simulations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerosol light absorption and its measurement: A review
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used Mie theory for spherical particles and with more complicated numerical methods for other particle shapes to calculate aerosol light absorption in the atmosphere, which contributes to solar radiative forcing through absorption of solar radiation and heating of the absorbing aerosol layer.
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Progress in Field Spectroscopy
TL;DR: It is argued that field spectral measurements should be recorded in the appropriate SI units, which will normally be the derived units of radiance for the flux reflected from the target and irradiances for the incident energy.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Aerosol size distributions obtained by inversion of spectral optical depth measurements
TL;DR: In this paper, an inversion formula which explicitly includes the magnitude of the measurement variances is derived and applied to optical depth measurements obtained in Tucson with a solar radiometer, and it is found that the individual size distributions of the aerosol particles (assumed spherical), at least for radii greater than or approximately equal to 0.1 micron, fall into one of three distinctly different categories.
Journal ArticleDOI
Objective algorithms for the retrieval of optical depths from ground-based measurements
Lee Harrison,Joseph J. Michalsky +1 more
TL;DR: An algorithm is described that objectively selects data points from a continuous time series and performs the required regression by means of Langley regression to provide intercomparable retrievals of optical depths from widely varying historical data sets.
Journal ArticleDOI
Determination of the Ground Albedo and the Index of Absorption of Atmospheric Particulates by Remote Sensing. Part I : Theory'
TL;DR: In this paper, a statistical technique is developed for inferring the optimum values of the ground albedo and the effective imaginary term of the complex refractive index of atmospheric particulates.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cosine response characteristics of some radiometric and photometric sensors
TL;DR: In this article, the cosine response of a multi-filter rotating shadowband radiometer was measured using a test bench with variable angular resolution as fine as 0.25°.
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