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Journal ArticleDOI

Automatic reconstruction of as-built building information models from laser-scanned point clouds: A review of related techniques

TL;DR: This article surveys techniques developed in civil engineering and computer science that can be utilized to automate the process of creating as-built BIMs and outlines the main methods used by these algorithms for representing knowledge about shape, identity, and relationships.
About: This article is published in Automation in Construction.The article was published on 2010-11-01. It has received 789 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Information model & Computer Aided Design.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the deformation monitorable indicator (DMI) is determined by the relationship between the actual point cloud error space and the point error space of the point cloud.
Abstract: With the continuous development of the terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) technique, the precision of the laser scanning has been improved which makes it possible that TLS could be used for high-precision deformation monitoring A deformation monitorable indicator (DMI) should be determined to distinguish the deformation from the error of point cloud and plays an important role in the deformation monitoring using TLS After the DMI determined, a scheme of the deformation monitoring case could be planned to choose a suitable instrument, set up a suitable distance and sampling interval In this paper, the point error space and the point cloud error space are modelled firstly based on the point error ellipsoid Secondly, the actual point error is derived by the relationship between the actual point cloud error space and the point error space Then, the DMI is determined using the actual point error Finally, two sets of experiments is carried out and the feasibility of the DMI is proved

1 citations


Cites background from "Automatic reconstruction of as-buil..."

  • ...…has attracted increasing attention from various fields, such as topographic survey (Armesto, 2009), recording of culture heritage (Grussenmeyer, 2011), as-built building survey (Tang, 2010) and deformation monitoring (Golparvar-Fard, 2011), since it started to mature as a surveying methodology....

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Proceedings ArticleDOI
19 Oct 2015
TL;DR: This work proposes a two-step domain adaptation algorithm for situations where more than one source domain is available, and demonstrates the generality of the approach on a large, multi-domain dataset with 22 product review categories from the natural language processing field.
Abstract: Many learning-based computer vision algorithms perform poorly when faced with examples that are dissimilar to those on which they were trained. Domain adaptation methods attempt to address this problem, but usually assume that the source domain is specified a priori. We propose a two-step approach for situations where more than one source domain is available. The first step uses a small number of labeled examples to choose the source domain most similar to the target domain, while the second step uses traditional domain adaptation methods to further adapt the chosen source domain to the target data. We demonstrate this two-step domain adaptation algorithm in the context of style-independent building component recognition, which suffers from the problem of inter-domain performance degradation. In this case, different building styles represent the domains, and the task is to reverse engineer a new building of unknown style. We evaluate several variants of the two-step method, and experiments show that the proposed approach outperforms existing single-step methods on a dataset of nine building styles. We demonstrate the generality of the approach on a large, multi-domain dataset with 22 product review categories (i.e., Styles) from the natural language processing field.

1 citations


Cites background from "Automatic reconstruction of as-buil..."

  • ...Automating the reverse engineering of buildings and other structures using 3D imaging data is an area of active research in academia and industry [18, 19, 20]....

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Book ChapterDOI
01 Jul 2019
TL;DR: The guideline for improvement of processing of laser scanning point clouds with use of multithreading is presented and one of the proposed approaches is the use ofMultithreading to significantly reduce time.
Abstract: Laser scanning is one of the modern and actively-developing remote sensing techniques, resulting in a point cloud, containing a set of different attributes for each point. One of the positive features of laser scanning is the high accuracy of the results; this is achieved by obtaining a large number of points describing the scanned object. In some circumstances, point clouds may contain billions of points, which require hundreds of gigabytes to be stored. Loading and processing of such huge data require large time and computational resources. The first problem is such massive point clouds initial downloading and pre-processing. The standard approach is the sequential processing of laser scanning results, which requires a significant amount of time. In this paper, we have conducted research and testing of various approaches for loading and processing of point clouds, one of the proposed approaches is the use of multithreading to significantly reduce time. The guideline for improvement of processing of laser scanning point clouds with use of multithreading is presented.

1 citations

01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, a framework for rapid as-built modeling using 3D point cloud data captured by a handheld lidar is presented, which involves five key stages from data capturing to create a final model.
Abstract: The need for development of reliable and efficient real-time data acquisition systems has recently attracted a great deal of attention in the construction industry, basically due to the demands for highly frequent updates in most visualization, optimization and coordination-related applications. The predominant data that has been used in the construction industry so far is rather less accurate. Moreover, the conventional methods of data acquisition are based on fieldwork that is timeconsuming, expensive and labour-intensive. Accuracy of original data and efficiency of data acquisition could be enhanced using new lidar technologies. Lidar is the advanced remote sensing technology that is able to provide 3D data with centimetre to millimetre level accuracy effectively and efficiently. However, the implementation of 3D data for accurate as-built creation is still challenging especially for openings and fine details of the construction objects in an indoor environment. This paper presents a framework for rapid as-built modelling using 3D point cloud data captured by a handheld lidar. The procedure involves five key stages from data capturing to create a final model. This paper reports the implementation of the framework using the state-of-the-art mobile lidar to analyse fine details of a sample building. Lidar data of a sample building in an indoor environment is captured using a mobile laser scanner and is analysed after registration and segmentation processes. The reconstructed model using the as-built data is compared with the existing 2D AutoCAD plans of the sample building and the traditional measurements in order to verify the accuracy of the proposed method. The results of this on-going study confirm that the proposed model development technique can serve as a reliable tool for accurate development of rapid as-built building models (rABM). The accuracy ranges from 5 to 30 mm, depending on the object size and position. The proposed algorithm was shown to be highly efficient in identifying the main visible components in the buildings.

1 citations


Cites background from "Automatic reconstruction of as-buil..."

  • ...While many studies were attempted to provide a solution to collect and record the completed construction objects for an as-built purpose, the effort to automate the process of an as-built creation on time is still in the early stages (Tang et al. 2010)....

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  • ...(c) Details of Study Extent: According to Tang et al. (2010), the majority of existing work focuses on the simplest elements of a building rather than details in their geometry where those elements are not yet captured....

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  • ...Tang et al. (2010) and (Volk et al. 2014) reviewed the current literature on building information regarding as-built and laser scanners....

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  • ...A considerable amount of research provided techniques to address the problem of recognition of interior and exterior objects in construction (Tang et al. 2010; Volk et al. 2014)....

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  • ...According to (Tang et al. 2010), the majority of existing modelling work focuses on the simplest elements such as walls....

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Book ChapterDOI
20 Jun 2019
TL;DR: BIMoPOLIS emerges as an idea, awarded with a Spin-Off prize, based on the development of digital content in the field of architecture and infrastructures, making use of the latest technologies in the fields of surveying, modeling in three dimensions, geolocation and virtual and augmented reality (VR) (AR).
Abstract: BIMoPOLIS emerges as an idea, awarded with a Spin-Off prize, based on the development of digital content in the field of architecture and infrastructures, making use of the latest technologies in the fields of surveying, modeling in three dimensions (3D), geolocation and virtual and augmented reality (VR) (AR). The objective of these digital contents is their inclusion in applications designed to transform the way in which management and maintenance operations in these areas are carried out, optimizing protocols in search of the concept of Smart City. To this end, the usual procedure involves raising and geopositioning the infrastructure in question, and then incorporating the relevant information for routine maintenance operations such as measurements, materials, distributors’ contact information, prices, detail views, or other indicators of interest to the 3D model. The linking of these data to the virtual model entails numerous advantages since, through the use of a single application, it is possible to report incidents, locate faults, contact operators and suppliers, report finished jobs, etc., resulting in great savings in time and costs of management and communication in maintenance operations. This article focuses on the first project developed by BIMoPOLIS, commissioned by the Vice-rectorate of Smart-Campus of the University of Malaga (UMA) and consisting of arboreal geo-positioning and linking of an interactive database to a building information model depicting the main section of the boulevard Louis Pasteur, located in the Teatinos Campus.

1 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: New results are derived on the minimum number of landmarks needed to obtain a solution, and algorithms are presented for computing these minimum-landmark solutions in closed form that provide the basis for an automatic system that can solve the Location Determination Problem under difficult viewing.
Abstract: A new paradigm, Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC), for fitting a model to experimental data is introduced. RANSAC is capable of interpreting/smoothing data containing a significant percentage of gross errors, and is thus ideally suited for applications in automated image analysis where interpretation is based on the data provided by error-prone feature detectors. A major portion of this paper describes the application of RANSAC to the Location Determination Problem (LDP): Given an image depicting a set of landmarks with known locations, determine that point in space from which the image was obtained. In response to a RANSAC requirement, new results are derived on the minimum number of landmarks needed to obtain a solution, and algorithms are presented for computing these minimum-landmark solutions in closed form. These results provide the basis for an automatic system that can solve the LDP under difficult viewing

23,396 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper has designed a stand-alone, flexible C++ implementation that enables the evaluation of individual components and that can easily be extended to include new algorithms.
Abstract: Stereo matching is one of the most active research areas in computer vision. While a large number of algorithms for stereo correspondence have been developed, relatively little work has been done on characterizing their performance. In this paper, we present a taxonomy of dense, two-frame stereo methods designed to assess the different components and design decisions made in individual stereo algorithms. Using this taxonomy, we compare existing stereo methods and present experiments evaluating the performance of many different variants. In order to establish a common software platform and a collection of data sets for easy evaluation, we have designed a stand-alone, flexible C++ implementation that enables the evaluation of individual components and that can be easily extended to include new algorithms. We have also produced several new multiframe stereo data sets with ground truth, and are making both the code and data sets available on the Web.

7,458 citations


"Automatic reconstruction of as-buil..." refers background in this paper

  • ...In other fields, such as computer vision, standard test sets and performance metrics have been established [72,83], but no standard evaluation metrics have been established for as-built BIM creation as yet....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Recognition-by-components (RBC) provides a principled account of the heretofore undecided relation between the classic principles of perceptual organization and pattern recognition.
Abstract: The perceptual recognition of objects is conceptualized to be a process in which the image of the input is segmented at regions of deep concavity into an arrangement of simple geometric components, such as blocks, cylinders, wedges, and cones. The fundamental assumption of the proposed theory, recognition-by-components (RBC), is that a modest set of generalized-cone components, called geons (N £ 36), can be derived from contrasts of five readily detectable properties of edges in a two-dimensiona l image: curvature, collinearity, symmetry, parallelism, and cotermination. The detection of these properties is generally invariant over viewing position an$ image quality and consequently allows robust object perception when the image is projected from a novel viewpoint or is degraded. RBC thus provides a principled account of the heretofore undecided relation between the classic principles of perceptual organization and pattern recognition: The constraints toward regularization (Pragnanz) characterize not the complete object but the object's components. Representational power derives from an allowance of free combinations of the geons. A Principle of Componential Recovery can account for the major phenomena of object recognition: If an arrangement of two or three geons can be recovered from the input, objects can be quickly recognized even when they are occluded, novel, rotated in depth, or extensively degraded. The results from experiments on the perception of briefly presented pictures by human observers provide empirical support for the theory. Any single object can project an infinity of image configurations to the retina. The orientation of the object to the viewer can vary continuously, each giving rise to a different two-dimensional projection. The object can be occluded by other objects or texture fields, as when viewed behind foliage. The object need not be presented as a full-colored textured image but instead can be a simplified line drawing. Moreover, the object can even be missing some of its parts or be a novel exemplar of its particular category. But it is only with rare exceptions that an image fails to be rapidly and readily classified, either as an instance of a familiar object category or as an instance that cannot be so classified (itself a form of classification).

5,464 citations


"Automatic reconstruction of as-buil..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Various researchers have proposed candidate sets of primitives, such as geons [9], superquadrics [3], and generalized cylinders [10]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two of the most critical requirements in support of producing reliable face-recognition systems are a large database of facial images and a testing procedure to evaluate systems.
Abstract: Two of the most critical requirements in support of producing reliable face-recognition systems are a large database of facial images and a testing procedure to evaluate systems. The Face Recognition Technology (FERET) program has addressed both issues through the FERET database of facial images and the establishment of the FERET tests. To date, 14,126 images from 1,199 individuals are included in the FERET database, which is divided into development and sequestered portions of the database. In September 1996, the FERET program administered the third in a series of FERET face-recognition tests. The primary objectives of the third test were to 1) assess the state of the art, 2) identify future areas of research, and 3) measure algorithm performance.

4,816 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Aug 1996
TL;DR: This paper presents a volumetric method for integrating range images that is able to integrate a large number of range images yielding seamless, high-detail models of up to 2.6 million triangles.
Abstract: A number of techniques have been developed for reconstructing surfaces by integrating groups of aligned range images. A desirable set of properties for such algorithms includes: incremental updating, representation of directional uncertainty, the ability to fill gaps in the reconstruction, and robustness in the presence of outliers. Prior algorithms possess subsets of these properties. In this paper, we present a volumetric method for integrating range images that possesses all of these properties. Our volumetric representation consists of a cumulative weighted signed distance function. Working with one range image at a time, we first scan-convert it to a distance function, then combine this with the data already acquired using a simple additive scheme. To achieve space efficiency, we employ a run-length encoding of the volume. To achieve time efficiency, we resample the range image to align with the voxel grid and traverse the range and voxel scanlines synchronously. We generate the final manifold by extracting an isosurface from the volumetric grid. We show that under certain assumptions, this isosurface is optimal in the least squares sense. To fill gaps in the model, we tessellate over the boundaries between regions seen to be empty and regions never observed. Using this method, we are able to integrate a large number of range images (as many as 70) yielding seamless, high-detail models of up to 2.6 million triangles.

3,282 citations


"Automatic reconstruction of as-buil..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Non-parametric geometricmodeling reconstructs a surface, typically in the formof a triangle mesh [41], or a volume [18]....

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