Autonomous Vehicles: An Analysis Both on Their Distinctiveness and the Potential Impact on Urban Transport Systems
16 Apr 2021-Applied Sciences (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)-Vol. 11, Iss: 8, pp 3604-3604
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive analysis of the expected developments within urban transport systems is presented, and some crucial issues concerning benefits and drawbacks are also discussed, where road markings, intersections, and pavement design upgradings have a key role for AVs operation.
Abstract: Autonomous driving is a technological innovation that involves the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the automotive area, representing the future of transport and whose applications will influence the concept of driving and many other features of modern society. Indeed, the introduction of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) on the market, along with the development of related technologies, will have a potential impact not only on the automotive industry but also on urban transport systems. New mobility-related businesses will emerge, whereas existing ones will have to adapt to changes. There are various aspects that affect urban transport systems: in this work, we highlight how road markings, intersections, and pavement design upgradings have a key role for AVs operation. This work aims to describe how contemporary society will be influenced by Autonomous Vehicles’ spread in regard to urban transport systems. A comprehensive analysis of the expected developments within urban transport systems is hereby presented, and some crucial issues concerning benefits and drawbacks are also discussed. From our studies, it emerges that the detection performed by vehicles is mainly affected by road markings characteristics, especially at intersections. Indeed, the need for a new cross-sections type arise, since vehicles wandering phenomena will be reduced due to AVs position-keeping systems.
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17 Sep 2021
TL;DR: The author explored cloud-based IoT applications and their roles in smart cities by exploring public cloud services that can update the IoT environment, enabling third-party activities to embed IoT data within electronic devices executing on the IoT.
Abstract: A smart city is an urbanization region that collects data using several digital and physical devices. The information collected from such devices is used efficiently to manage revenues, resources, and assets, etc., while the information obtained from such devices is utilized to boost performance throughout the city. Cloud-based Internet of Things (IoT) applications could help smart cities that contain information gathered from citizens, devices, homes, and other things. This information is processed and analyzed to monitor and manage transportation networks, electric utilities, resources management, water supply systems, waste management, crime detection, security mechanisms, proficiency, digital library, healthcare facilities, and other opportunities. A cloud service provider offers public cloud services that can update the IoT environment, enabling third-party activities to embed IoT data within electronic devices executing on the IoT. In this paper, the author explored cloud-based IoT applications and their roles in smart cities.
63 citations
01 Jul 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an overview of the development of smart cities by defining a methodology that allows the identification of criteria for determining the optimisation of urban mobility with a particular interest in future autonomous mobility.
Abstract: Smart cities aim to integrate technological development with different functions/components such as mobility, management of energy, natural resources, water, and the waste cycle, air quality, land use, service network, construction, but also the economy, social participation, increased employment, and citizen safety. It includes a series of coordinated and integrated social, environmental and economic interventions to enhance human capital, reduce environmental impacts and solve ecological emergencies. The holistic approach is particular to smart cities, including several mobility aspects in the main European classifications. In particular, the development of smart cities depends on several factors related to transport supply (i.e., mobility service, infrastructure details, ICT) and demand (socio-demographic aspects), and the size of the city. This paper provides an overview of the development of smart cities by defining a methodology that allows the identification of criteria for determining the optimisation of urban mobility with a particular interest in the development of future autonomous mobility. The analysis of current literature on the concept of smart cities and new mobility technologies made it possible to analyse the compatibility between them and possible criticalities. The definition of criteria lays the groundwork for future research steps focused on the application of multicriteria analysis.
41 citations
01 Jan 2018
TL;DR: An in-depth single case study on Singapore is presented and it is examined how the Singaporean government has addressed risks in ridesharing over time, helping to explore governance practices in other countries.
Abstract: textRecently we have witnessed the worldwide adoption of many different types of innovative technologies, such as crowdsourcing, ridesharing, open and big data, aiming at delivering public services more efficiently and effectively. Among them, ridesharing has received substantial attention from decision-makers around the world. Because of the multitude of currently understood or potentially unknown risks associated with ridesharing (unemployment, insurance, information privacy, and environmental risk), governments in different countries apply different strategies to address such risks. Some governments prohibit the adoption of ridesharing altogether, while other governments promote it. In this article, we address the question of how risks involved in ridesharing are governed over time. We present an in-depth single case study on Singapore and examine how the Singaporean government has addressed risks in ridesharing over time. The Singaporean government has a strong ambition to become an innovation hub, and many innovative technologies have been adopted and promoted to that end. At the same time, decision-makers in Singapore are reputed for their proactive style of social governance. The example of Singapore can be regarded as a revelatory case study, helping us further to explore governance practices in other countries.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , an extended multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework based on Choquet integral (CI) under group decision making with a spherical fuzzy set (SFS) for assessing logistics AVs is proposed.
Abstract: • An approach is proposed to analyze the interactions between the criteria. • A new evaluation framework for ranking logistic autonomous vehicles is introduced. • A new group decision model based on Choquet Integral Spherical fuzzy is proposed. • The Choquet Integral is expanded with spherical fuzzy to increase its power. • Evaluate and select the most appropriate and best logistics autonomous vehicles. Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are the newest products in the intelligent transportation system that can move around with minimal human intervention. These products continue their path with all kinds of sensors with different parts. Effective use of these technologies in the logistics industry can create a competitive advantage. Nowadays, there are many AVs, some of which are superior to others in terms of build quality, variety of features, and design. Choosing an efficient, optimal, and reliable vehicle is one of the most important challenges in logistics planning. Therefore, choosing an AV based on a series of criteria can be considered a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. Due to the complication of decision-making issues, criteria are usually not independent of each other and there are relationships between them. Therefore, this study develop an extended MCDM framework based on Choquet integral (CI) under group decision-making with a Spherical fuzzy set (SFS) for assessing logistics AVs. The CI technique is expanded with SFS to increase the power of CI. Furthermore, the combination of CI with SFS leads to greater freedom for decision makers to express opinions and use three independent membership functions. Accordingly, the interactions between the criteria are considered and the skepticism and uncertainty present during the decision are controlled. The proposed approach is implemented in selecting the best AVs in the logistics industry, and the results are compared with Pythagorean fuzzy CI and Intuitionistic fuzzy CI. Moreover, sensitivity analysis is done by changing the weights and creating different scenarios to confirm and check the robustness of the proposed approach results. The results indicate the suggested approach's efficiency and the ranking's stability in different scenarios.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a comparative qualitative analysis of lane detection and tracking algorithms is performed to identify gaps in knowledge and to evaluate the performance of these algorithms on real-time data sets.
Abstract: Autonomous vehicles and advanced driver assistance systems are predicted to provide higher safety and reduce fuel and energy consumption and road traffic emissions. Lane detection and tracking are the advanced key features of the advanced driver assistance system. Lane detection is the process of detecting white lines on the roads. Lane tracking is the process of assisting the vehicle to remain in the desired path, and it controls the motion model by using previously detected lane markers. There are limited studies in the literature that provide state-of-art findings in this area. This study reviews previous studies on lane detection and tracking algorithms by performing a comparative qualitative analysis of algorithms to identify gaps in knowledge. It also summarizes some of the key data sets used for testing algorithms and metrics used to evaluate the algorithms. It is found that complex road geometries such as clothoid roads are less investigated, with many studies focused on straight roads. The complexity of lane detection and tracking is compounded by the challenging weather conditions, vision (camera) quality, unclear line-markings and unpaved roads. Further, occlusion due to overtaking vehicles, high-speed and high illumination effects also pose a challenge. The majority of the studies have used custom based data sets for model testing. As this field continues to grow, especially with the development of fully autonomous vehicles in the near future, it is expected that in future, more reliable and robust lane detection and tracking algorithms will be developed and tested with real-time data sets.
12 citations
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4,226 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the challenges and opportunities pertaining to transportation policies that may arise as a result of emerging autonomous vehicle (AV) technologies and propose a conceptual navigation model based on a fleet of AVs that are centrally dispatched over a network.
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TL;DR: An in-depth analysis of the accident reports filed by different manufacturers that are testing autonomous vehicles in California provides important information on autonomous vehicles accidents’ dynamics, related to the most frequent types of collisions and impacts, accident frequencies, and other contributing factors.
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248 citations