Autophagy-A Story of Bacteria Interfering with the Host Cell Degradation Machinery.
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TLDR
A review of autophagy as a response to intracellular pathogens can be found in this paper, where the authors discuss recent findings on autophagous reactions to various types of pathogens such as Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, and pathogenic Escherichia coli.Abstract:
Autophagy is a highly conserved and fundamental cellular process to maintain cellular homeostasis through recycling of defective organelles or proteins. In a response to intracellular pathogens, autophagy further acts as an innate immune response mechanism to eliminate pathogens. This review will discuss recent findings on autophagy as a reaction to intracellular pathogens, such as Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, and pathogenic Escherichia coli. Interestingly, while some of these bacteria have developed methods to use autophagy for their own benefit within the cell, others have developed fascinating mechanisms to evade recognition, to subvert the autophagic pathway, or to escape from autophagy.read more
Citations
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Autophagy in health and disease: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic target
TL;DR: This review will focus on the latest development of autophagy research, covering molecular mechanisms in control of autphagosome biogenesis and autophagosome–lysosome fusion, and the upstream regulatory pathways including the AMPK and MTORC1 pathways.
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Over Fifty Years of Life, Death, and Cannibalism: A Historical Recollection of Apoptosis and Autophagy.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the role of apoptosis in human health and its malfunction in several diseases and discuss the path to the morphological and molecular discovery of autophagy.
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Autophagy in Staphylococcus aureus Infection.
TL;DR: In this paper, the interaction between autophagy and Staphylococcus aureus is discussed, and the authors provide insights on how to use these mechanisms to improve S. auresus infection control.
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Autophagy in the Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (Batten Disease)
William D. Kim,Morgan L. D. M. Wilson-Smillie,Aruban Thanabalasingam,Stephane Lefrancois,Susan L. Cotman,Robert Huber +5 more
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Exopolysaccharides from Bifidobacterium animalis Ameliorate Escherichia coli-Induced IPEC-J2 Cell Damage via Inhibiting Apoptosis and Restoring Autophagy
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of exopolysaccharides (EPS) from Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis on ameliorating the damage of an intestinal porcine epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) during EPEC infection were explored.
References
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Staphylococcus aureus infections.
TL;DR: In an elegant series of clinical observations and laboratory studies published in 1880 and 1882, Ogston described staphylococcal disease and its role in sepsis and abscess formation.
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Autophagy: process and function
TL;DR: In this review, the process of autophagy is summarized, and the role of autophileagy is discussed in a process-based manner.
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Bcl-2 antiapoptotic proteins inhibit Beclin 1-dependent autophagy.
Sophie Pattingre,Sophie Pattingre,Amina T. Tassa,Xueping Qu,Xueping Qu,Rita Garuti,Xiao Huan Liang,Noboru Mizushima,Milton Packer,Michael D. Schneider,Beth Levine,Beth Levine +11 more
TL;DR: Bcl-2 not only functions as an antiapoptotic protein, but also as an antiautophagy protein via its inhibitory interaction with Beclin 1, which may help maintain autophagy at levels that are compatible with cell survival, rather than cell death.
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Toll-like receptors in innate immunity.
Kiyoshi Takeda,Shizuo Akira +1 more
TL;DR: Toll-like receptors-mediated activation of innate immunity controls not only host defense against pathogens but also immune disorders, and the involvement of TLR-mediated pathways in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases has been proposed.
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Autophagy in immunity and inflammation
TL;DR: A crucial role is revealed for the autophagy pathway and proteins in immunity and inflammation, and they balance the beneficial and detrimental effects of immunity andinflammation, and thereby may protect against infectious, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.