Autoregressive modeling for fading channel simulation
TL;DR: The general applicability of the autoregressive stochastic models method is demonstrated by examples involving the accurate synthesis of nonisotropic fading channel models, and performance comparisons are made with popular fading generation techniques.
Abstract: Autoregressive stochastic models for the computer simulation of correlated Rayleigh fading processes are investigated. The unavoidable numerical difficulties inherent in this method are elucidated and a simple heuristic approach is adopted to enable the synthesis of accurately correlated, bandlimited Rayleigh variates. Startup procedures are presented, which allow autoregressive simulators to produce stationary channel gain samples from the first output sample. Performance comparisons are then made with popular fading generation techniques to demonstrate the merits of the approach. The general applicability of the method is demonstrated by examples involving the accurate synthesis of nonisotropic fading channel models.
Citations
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TL;DR: This article's goal is to provide an in-depth understanding of the principles of FSMC modeling of fading channels with its applications in wireless communication systems, and to introduce both FSMC models and flat-fading channels.
Abstract: This article's goal is to provide an in-depth understanding of the principles of FSMC modeling of fading channels with its applications in wireless communication systems. While the emphasis is on frequency nonselective or flat-fading channels, this understanding will be useful for future generalizations of FSMC models for frequency-selective fading channels. The target audience of this article include both theory- and practice-oriented researchers who would like to design accurate channel models for evaluating the performance of wireless communication systems in the physical or media access control layers, or those who would like to develop more efficient and reliable transceivers that take advantage of the inherent memory in fading channels. Both FSMC models and flat-fading channels will be formally introduced. FSMC models are particulary suitable to represent and estimate the relatively fast flat-fading channel gain in each subcarrier.
458 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of channel aging on the performance of massive MIMO systems is considered and the effects of channel variation are characterized as a function of different system parameters assuming a simple model for the channel time variations at the transmitter.
Abstract: Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication may provide high spectral efficiency through the deployment of a very large number of antenna elements at the base stations. The gains from massive MIMO communication come from the use of multiuser MIMO on the uplink and downlink, but with a large excess of antennas at the base station compared to the number of served users. Initial work on massive MIMO did not fully address several practical issues associated with its deployment. This paper considers the impact of channel aging on the performance of massive MIMO systems. The effects of channel variation are characterized as a function of different system parameters assuming a simple model for the channel time variations at the transmitter. Channel prediction is proposed to overcome channel aging effects. The analytical results on aging show how capacity is lost due to time variation in the channel. Numerical results in a multiceli network show that massive MIMO works even with some channel variation and that channel prediction could partially overcome channel aging effects.
312 citations
TL;DR: The main contribution of this paper is the insight that the transmitters' knowledge of channel coherence intervals alone (without any knowledge of the values of channel coefficients) can be surprisingly useful in a multiuser setting, illustrated by the idea of blind interference alignment.
Abstract: The main contribution of this paper is the insight that the transmitters' knowledge of channel coherence intervals alone (without any knowledge of the values of channel coefficients) can be surprisingly useful in a multiuser setting, illustrated by the idea of blind interference alignment that is introduced in this work. Specifically, we explore five network communication problems where the possibility of interference alignment, and consequently the total number of degrees of freedom (DoF) with channel uncertainty at the transmitters, are unknown. These problems share the common property that in each case the best known outer bounds are essentially robust to channel uncertainty and represent the outcome with interference alignment, but the best inner bounds-in some cases conjectured to be optimal-predict a total collapse of DoF, thus indicating the infeasibility of interference alignment under channel uncertainty at transmitters. For each of these settings we show that even with no knowledge of channel coefficient values at the transmitters, under certain heterogeneous block fading models, i.e., when certain users experience smaller coherence time/bandwidth than others, blind interference alignment can be achieved. In each case we also establish the DoF optimality of the blind interference alignment scheme.
265 citations
Cites methods from "Autoregressive modeling for fading ..."
...A common model for this is the block fading model [12], but other temporal correlation models, such as autoregressive processes [13], have been used in this context as well....
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TL;DR: A new algorithm for pilot beam pattern design for optimal channel estimation under the assumption that the channel is a stationary Gauss-Markov random process that generates a sequentially-optimal sequence of pilot beam patterns with low complexity for a given set of system parameters.
Abstract: In this paper, the problem of pilot beam pattern design for channel estimation in massive multiple-input multiple-output systems with a large number of transmit antennas at the base station is considered, and a new algorithm for pilot beam pattern design for optimal channel estimation is proposed under the assumption that the channel is a stationary Gauss-Markov random process. The proposed algorithm designs the pilot beam pattern sequentially by exploiting the properties of Kalman filtering and the associated prediction error covariance matrices and also the channel statistics such as spatial and temporal channel correlation. The resulting design generates a sequentially-optimal sequence of pilot beam patterns with low complexity for a given set of system parameters. Numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
237 citations
Cites background from "Autoregressive modeling for fading ..."
...We consider a massive MIMO system withNt transmit antennas andNr received antennas(Nt ≫ Nr), where the channel is given by anNr × Nt MIMO system with flat Rayleigh fading under the narrowband assumption [26] (which easily extends to the case of wideband frequency-selective channel when the system adopts OFDM transmission [27])....
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...…a massive MIMO system withNt transmit antennas andNr received antennas(Nt ≫ Nr), where the channel is given by anNr × Nt MIMO system with flat Rayleigh fading under the narrowband assumption [26] (which easily extends to the case of wideband frequency-selective channel when the system adopts…...
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TL;DR: A two-stage precoding scheme to efficiently exploit the large spatial degree of freedom (DoF) gain in massive MIMO systems with limited RF chains and reduced channel state information (CSI) signaling overhead and a low complexity solution based on a novel bi-convex approximation approach is proposed.
Abstract: Massive MIMO systems promise high spectrum efficiency by deploying M ≫ 1 antennas at the base station (BS). However, to achieve the full gain provided by massive MIMO, the BS requires M radio frequency (RF) chains, which are expensive. This motivates us to consider RF-chain limited massive MIMO systems with M antennas but only S ≪ M RF chains. We propose a two-stage precoding scheme to efficiently exploit the large spatial degree of freedom (DoF) gain in massive MIMO systems with limited RF chains and reduced channel state information (CSI) signaling overhead. In this scheme, the MIMO precoder is partitioned into a high-dimensional phase only RF precoder followed by a low-dimensional baseband precoder. The RF precoder is adaptive to the spatial correlation matrices for inter-cluster interference mitigation. The baseband precoder is adaptive to the reduced dimensional “effective” CSI for intra-cluster spatial multiplexing. We formulate the two stage precoding problem such that the minimum (weighted) average data rate of users is maximized under the phase only constraint on the RF precoder and the limited RF chain constraint. This is a combinatorial optimization problem which is in general NP-hard. We propose a low complexity solution based on a novel bi-convex approximation approach. Simulations show that the proposed design has significant gain over various baselines.
181 citations
References
More filters
46,339 citations
"Autoregressive modeling for fading ..." refers background in this paper
...where I0(·) is the zeroth order modified Bessel function [ 43 ], µ represents the mean direction of the AOA, and κ controls the beamwidth....
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Book•
01 Jan 1965
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the concept of a Random Variable, the meaning of Probability, and the axioms of probability in terms of Markov Chains and Queueing Theory.
Abstract: Part 1 Probability and Random Variables 1 The Meaning of Probability 2 The Axioms of Probability 3 Repeated Trials 4 The Concept of a Random Variable 5 Functions of One Random Variable 6 Two Random Variables 7 Sequences of Random Variables 8 Statistics Part 2 Stochastic Processes 9 General Concepts 10 Random Walk and Other Applications 11 Spectral Representation 12 Spectral Estimation 13 Mean Square Estimation 14 Entropy 15 Markov Chains 16 Markov Processes and Queueing Theory
13,886 citations
"Autoregressive modeling for fading ..." refers background in this paper
...Since the reflection coefficients of the lower order do not change as the AR model order is increased [28], only one set of parameters is required....
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Book•
01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: In this paper, the meaning of probability and random variables are discussed, as well as the axioms of probability, and the concept of a random variable and repeated trials are discussed.
Abstract: Part 1 Probability and Random Variables 1 The Meaning of Probability 2 The Axioms of Probability 3 Repeated Trials 4 The Concept of a Random Variable 5 Functions of One Random Variable 6 Two Random Variables 7 Sequences of Random Variables 8 Statistics Part 2 Stochastic Processes 9 General Concepts 10 Random Walk and Other Applications 11 Spectral Representation 12 Spectral Estimation 13 Mean Square Estimation 14 Entropy 15 Markov Chains 16 Markov Processes and Queueing Theory
12,407 citations
Book•
01 Feb 1975
TL;DR: An in-depth and practical guide, Microwave Mobile Communications will provide you with a solid understanding of the microwave propagation techniques essential to the design of effective cellular systems.
Abstract: From the Publisher:
IEEE Press is pleased to bring back into print this definitive text and reference covering all aspects of microwave mobile systems design. Encompassing ten years of advanced research in the field, this invaluable resource reviews basic microwave theory, explains how cellular systems work, and presents useful techniques for effective systems development. The return of this classic volume should be welcomed by all those seeking the original authoritative and complete source of information on this emerging technology. An in-depth and practical guide, Microwave Mobile Communications will provide you with a solid understanding of the microwave propagation techniques essential to the design of effective cellular systems.
9,064 citations
"Autoregressive modeling for fading ..." refers background or methods in this paper
...A popular method to model the Rayleigh flat fading channel is to sum the outputs from complex sinusoidal generators [12]....
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...A common assumption is that the propagation path consists of two-dimensional isotropic scattering with a vertical monopole antenna at the receiver [12]....
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...In this case, the theoretical power spectral density (PSD) associated with either the in-phase or quadrature portion of the received fading signal has the well-known U-shaped bandlimited form [12] ! ! " # $ elsewhere (1)...
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.../ # &( , where * ,102 is the zeroth-order Bessel function of the first kind [12]....
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Book•
01 Jan 1979
TL;DR: An electromagnetic pulse counter having successively operable, contact-operating armatures that are movable to a rest position, an intermediate position and an active position between the main pole and the secondary pole of a magnetic circuit.
Abstract: An electromagnetic pulse counter having successively operable, contact-operating armatures. The armatures are movable to a rest position, an intermediate position and an active position between the main pole and the secondary pole of a magnetic circuit.
4,897 citations
"Autoregressive modeling for fading ..." refers background in this paper
...Here the optimum lattice filter coefficients are given by the reflection coefficients φjj, j =1 ,...,p . Since the reflection coefficients of the lower order do not change as the AR model order is increased [ 28 ], only one set of parameters is required....
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