Axial crush and bending collapse of a aluminum/GFRP hybrid square tube and its energy absorption capability
01 Nov 2001-pp 279-287
About: The article was published on 2001-11-01 and is currently open access. It has received 150 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Bending & Tube (fluid conveyance).
Citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in the area of crashworthiness performance of thin-walled (TW) tubular components is given with a special focus on the topics that emerged in the last ten years such as crashworthiness optimisation design and energy absorbing responses of unconventional TW components including multi-cells tubes, functionally graded thickness tubes and functionally graded foam filled tubes.
Abstract: Over the past several decades, a noticeable amount of research efforts has been directed to minimising injuries and death to people inside a structure that is subjected to an impact loading. Thin-walled (TW) tubular components have been widely employed in energy absorbing structures to alleviate the detrimental effects of an impact loading during a collision event and thus enhance the crashworthiness performance of a structure. Comprehensive knowledge of the material properties and the structural behaviour of various TW components under various loading conditions is essential for designing an effective energy absorbing system. In this paper, based on a broad survey of the literature, a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in the area of crashworthiness performance of TW tubes is given with a special focus on the topics that emerged in the last ten years such as crashworthiness optimisation design and energy absorbing responses of unconventional TW components including multi-cells tubes, functionally graded thickness tubes and functionally graded foam filled tubes. Due to the huge number of studies that analysed and assessed the energy absorption behaviour of various TW components, this paper presents only a review of the crashworthiness behaviour of the components that can be used in vehicles structures including hollow and foam-filled TW tubes under lateral, axial, oblique and bending loading.
406 citations
Cites background from "Axial crush and bending collapse of..."
...However, the design and analysis of composite energy absorbers are difficult due to anisotropic properties of composite material [8]....
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...Also, the composite structures have an environmental effect as it is very challenging to recycle the used composite materials [8]....
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...amount of energy such as composite wrapped thin-walled metal tubes or tubes reinforced with externally bonded fibres [9], [8], [10], [11], [12], [13], and [14]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored crashworthiness characteristics of aluminum/carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) hybrid tubes, experimentally and numerically, subjected to three different loading angles by comparing with aluminum alone and CFRP alone tubes, in which the deformation patterns and several key indicators related to the crashworthiness of these structures were assessed.
175 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the axial response of tubular sections with imperfections and fillers subjected to axial impact loads relevant to the field of structural crashworthiness is reviewed. And the types of imperfections discussed include prebuckle, parallel and dished indentations, cutouts, stiffeners, fillers, and wrapping.
Abstract: For better crashworthiness performance, vehicles must protect its occupants by maintaining structural integrity and converting the large amount of kinetic energy into other forms of energy in a controllable and predictable manner in a crash situation. In doing so, lower crushing force would provide better safety for the vehicle occupants. This paper reviews the axial response of “modified” tubular sections with imperfections and fillers subjected to axial impact loads relevant to the field of structural crashworthiness. The use of imperfections sets the mode and initiation of collapse of a tube at a specific location and reduces the maximum crush force, hence improving the energy-absorbing characteristics of tubular structures. The types of imperfections discussed include prebuckle, parallel and dished indentations, cutouts, stiffeners, fillers, and wrapping. DOI: 10.1115/1.2885138
146 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of winding angles (25°, 50°, 75°, 90°; the 0° winding angle is along the axial direction of the tube) and thicknesses (3-ply, 6ply, 9-ply) on crashworthiness characteristics of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) tube and aluminum/cFRP hybrid tube molded by the filament winding technique through quasi-static crushing tests were investigated.
118 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the failure modes and crashworthiness characteristics of double hat shaped composite tubes made of weave carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) subjected to quasi-static axial crushing and transverse bending.
114 citations
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994 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the modes of crushing and their controlling mechanisms are described and the resulting crushing process and its efficiency are addressed, as well as its efficiency and its response is complex and depends on interaction between the different mechanisms that control the crushing process.
Abstract: Composite tubes can be reinforced with continuous fibers. When such tubes are subjected to crushing loads, the response is complex and depends on interaction between the different mechanisms that control the crushing process. The modes of crushing and their controlling mechanisms are described. Also, the resulting crushing process and its efficiency are addressed.
339 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the specific energy absorbed during axial collapse of a variety of graphite, Kevlar and glass fiber composite tubes was determined, provided that the correct trigger mechanism was used to initiate the failure.
Abstract: The specific energy absorbed during the axial collapse of a variety of graphite, Kevlar and glass fiber composite tubes was determined. Although structural collapse occurred by a fracture failure mode, the specific energy absorption was higher than that of high strength metal tubes which col lapsed by buckling, over a wide range of tube geometries (t/D ratios), provided that the correct trigger mechanism was used to initiate the failure. Little change in the specific energy absorption was observed over a wide range of compression rates or with temperature changes below 20°C; above 20°C the effect of temperature varied with the resin employed. Collapse occurred initially by interlamellar shear followed by fiber fracture. The results were correlated on the basis of the specific interlamellar shear stress which permitted the energy absorption values for a variety of materials to be compared.
337 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a study on the energy absorption characteristics of selected composite material systems are presented and the results compared with aluminum. Composite compression tube specimens were fabricated with both tape and woven fabric prepreg using graphite/epoxy (Gr/E), Kevlar (TM)/epoxy(K/E) and glass/epoxide (Gl/E). Chamfering and notching one end of the composite tube specimen reduced the peak load at initial failure without altering the sustained crushing load, and prevented catastrophic failure.
Abstract: Results of a study on the energy absorption characteristics of selected composite material systems are presented and the results compared with aluminum. Composite compression tube specimens were fabricated with both tape and woven fabric prepreg using graphite/epoxy (Gr/E), Kevlar (TM)/epoxy (K/E) and glass/epoxy (Gl/E). Chamfering and notching one end of the composite tube specimen reduced the peak load at initial failure without altering the sustained crushing load, and prevented catastrophic failure. Static compression and vertical impact tests were performed on 128 tubes. The results varied significantly as a function of material type and ply orientation. In general, the Gr/E tubes absorbed more energy than the Gl/E or K/E tubes for the same ply orientation. The 0/ + or - 15 Gr/E tubes absorbed more energy than the aluminum tubes. Gr/E and Gl/E tubes failed in a brittle mode and had negligible post crushing integrity, whereas the K/E tubes failed in an accordian buckling mode similar to the aluminum tubes. The energy absorption and post crushing integrity of hybrid composite tubes were not significantly better than that of the single material tubes.
322 citations
TL;DR: The bending collapse behavior of rectangular and square section tubes is studied theoretically and experimentally in this article, where a limit analysis technique is employed and a set of formulae relating the hinge moment and associated angle of rotation is derived.
317 citations