B2VDM: Blockchain Based Vehicular Data Management
01 Sep 2018-pp 2337-2343
TL;DR: B2VDM, a novel architecture for vehicular data management at RSUs, that provides a seamless access control using Blockchain technology is introduced that maintains the reliability by minimizing the number of packet drops at a heavily loaded RSU during peak hours.
Abstract: Smart interconnected vehicles generate a huge amount of data to be used by a wide range of applications. Although cloud based data management is currently in practice, for many applications serving road safety or traffic regulation, it is utmost important that applications access these data at the site itself for improved quality of service. Road side units (RSUs) play a crucial role in handling these vast amount of vehicular data and serving the running applications in turn. In this current era of edge computing, in-place data access is also proven to be advantageous from cost point of view. As multiple applications from different service providers are interested to access different fragments of these data, a robust access control mechanism is needed to ensure desired level of security as well as reliability for these data. In this paper, we introduce B2VDM, a novel architecture for vehicular data management at RSUs, that provides a seamless access control using Blockchain technology. The proposed B2VDM framework also implements a simple load distribution module, which maintains the reliability by minimizing the number of packet drops at a heavily loaded RSU during peak hours. An extensive evaluation using Etherium Blockchain validates the effectiveness of the proposed architecture.
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TL;DR: The aim of this survey is to provide directions for future work in the area of Blockchain-based vehicular networks, and existing research works aiming to overcome vehicular challenges using the Blockchain technology are presented and compared.
67 citations
TL;DR: A novel blockchain-enabled model sharing approach is proposed to improve the performance of object detection with cross-domain adaptation for autonomous driving systems using a domain-adaptive you-only-look-once (YOLOv2) model.
Abstract: Object detection for autonomous driving is a huge challenge in the cross-domain adaptation scenario, especially for the time- and resource-consuming task. Distributed deep learning (DDL) has demonstrated a considerably good balance between efficiency and computation complexity. However, the reliability of DDL is low. Moreover, the cost of training data and model is not priced well. In this article, a novel blockchain-enabled model sharing approach is proposed to improve the performance of object detection with cross-domain adaptation for autonomous driving systems. Based on the blockchain and mobile-edge computing (MEC) technology, a domain-adaptive you-only-look-once (YOLOv2) model is trained across nodes, which can reduce significantly the domain discrepancy for different object categories. Furthermore, smart contracts are developed to perform data storage and model sharing tasks efficiently. The reliability of model sharing is ensured with blockchain consensus. We evaluate the proposed method under public data sets. The simulation results demonstrate that the efficiency and reliability of the proposed approach are better than the reference model.
59 citations
Cites background from "B2VDM: Blockchain Based Vehicular D..."
...Sharma and Chakraborty proposed a blockchain-based vehicular data management (B2VDM) framework [44], and the...
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TL;DR: Comprehensive security analysis and experimental results based on the real-world dataset show that BSFP achieves fairness, reliability and privacy protection with high efficiency.
Abstract: The convenience of using private cars has an accompanying parking challenge which becomes a significant issue in congested metropolitans and downtown areas. The explosive increase in the number of vehicles has substantially raised the issue of finding a suitable parking spot, which is both time and resource consuming. At the same time, many private parking spots remain idle, while their owners are not present at home. To promote the utility of private parking spots and mitigate parking issues, smart parking apps can be used. Unfortunately, some of them suffer from privacy issues that affect participation willingness, while others work in a centralized environment where the availability of service is not guaranteed in the presence of malicious users. In this work, we propose Blockchain-based Smart parking with Fairness, reliability and Privacy protection, called BSFP. Specifically, group signatures, bloom filters, and vector-based encryption are leveraged to protect the user's privacy. The decentralized nature of blockchain is utilized to achieve reliability in smart parking, and the smart contract is used to realize fairness. Comprehensive security analysis and experimental results based on the real-world dataset show that BSFP achieves fairness, reliability and privacy protection with high efficiency.
50 citations
Cites background from "B2VDM: Blockchain Based Vehicular D..."
...[34] introduced B2VDM, a decentralized architecture for vehicular data management in a vehicular network....
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TL;DR: The use of blockchain technology has recently become widespread. It is regarded as a decentralized, trustworthy, secure, transparent, and immutable solution that innovates data sharing and management as discussed by the authors .
Abstract: The use of Blockchain technology has recently become widespread. It has emerged as an essential tool in various academic and industrial fields, such as healthcare, transportation, finance, cybersecurity, and supply chain management. It is regarded as a decentralized, trustworthy, secure, transparent, and immutable solution that innovates data sharing and management. This survey aims to provide a systematic review of Blockchain application to intelligent transportation systems in general and the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) in particular. The survey is divided into four main parts. First, the Blockchain technology including its opportunities, relative taxonomies, and applications is introduced; basic cryptography is also discussed. Next, the evolution of Blockchain is presented, starting from the primary phase of pre-Bitcoin (fundamentally characterized by classic cryptography systems), followed by the Blockchain 1.0 phase, (characterized by Bitcoin implementation and common consensus protocols), and finally, the Blockchain 2.0 phase (characterized by the implementation of smart contracts, Ethereum, and Hyperledger). We compared and identified the strengths and limitations of each of these implementations. Then, the state of the art of Blockchain-based IoV solutions (BIoV) is explored by referring to a large and trusted source database from the Scopus data bank. For a well-structured and clear discussion, the reviewed literature is classified according to the research direction and implemented IoV layer. Useful tables, statistics, and analysis are also presented. Finally, the open problems and future directions in BIoV research are summarized.
37 citations
References
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01 Nov 2016
TL;DR: It is considered that blockchain is one of the secured and trusted architectures for building the newly developed parallel transportation management systems (PtMS) , and thereby the relationship between B2ITS and PtMS is discussed.
Abstract: Blockchain, widely known as one of the disruptive technologies emerged in recent years, is experiencing rapid development and has the full potential of revolutionizing the increasingly centralized intelligent transportation systems (ITS) in applications. Blockchain can be utilized to establish a secured, trusted and decentralized autonomous ITS ecosystem, creating better usage of the legacy ITS infrastructure and resources, especially effective for crowdsourcing technology. This paper conducts a preliminary study of Blockchain-based ITS (B2ITS). We outline an ITS-oriented, seven-layer conceptual model for blockchain, and on this basis address the key research issues in B2ITS. We consider that blockchain is one of the secured and trusted architectures for building the newly developed parallel transportation management systems (PtMS) , and thereby discuss the relationship between B2ITS and PtMS. Finally, we present a case study for blockchain-based realtime ride-sharing services. In our viewpoint, B2ITS represents the future trend of ITS research and practice, and this paper is aimed at stimulating further effort and providing helpful guidance and reference for future research works.
484 citations
TL;DR: The main contribution of this work is to investigate the probability distribution of the lifetime of individual links in a VANET under the combined assumptions of a realistic radio transmission model and a realistic probability distribution model of intervehicle headway distance.
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159 citations
12 Sep 2016
TL;DR: Combining Vehicle Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) and Ethereum's blockchain-based application concepts enables transparent, self-managed and decentralized system which are self-regulating and in no need of a central managing authority.
Abstract: Combining Vehicle Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) and Ethereum's blockchain-based application concepts enables transparent, self-managed and decentralized system which are self-regulating and in no need of a central managing authority.
156 citations
Additional excerpts
...In [8] Ethereum based decentralized and self-managed VANET system has been proposed with challenge-response-based authentication....
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30 Nov 2005
TL;DR: This paper discusses some of the existing load balancing algorithms in cloud computing and also their challenges.
Abstract: Cloud Computing is an emerging computing paradigm. It aims to share data, calculations, and service transparently over a scalable network of nodes. Since Cloud computing stores the data and disseminated resources in the open environment. So, the amount of data storage increases quickly. In the cloud storage, load balancing is a key issue. It would consume a lot of cost to maintain load information, since the system is too huge to timely disperse load. Load balancing is one of the main challenges in cloud computing which is required to distribute the dynamic workload across multiple nodes to ensure that no single node is overwhelmed. It helps in optimal utilization of resources and hence in enhancing the performance of the system. A few existing scheduling algorithms can maintain load balancing and provide better strategies through efficient job scheduling and resource allocation techniques as well. In order to gain maximum profits with optimized load balancing algorithms, it is necessary to utilize resources efficiently. This paper discusses some of the existing load balancing algorithms in cloud computing and also their challenges.
112 citations
"B2VDM: Blockchain Based Vehicular D..." refers background in this paper
...Various cloud-based load balancing techniques have been discussed in the literature [12], [13], [1]....
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01 Jan 2016
69 citations
Additional excerpts
...Authors in [17] have introduced an ITS oriented layered Blockchain model....
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