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Journal ArticleDOI

Bacterial diversity and functionalities in food fermentations

01 Aug 2012-Engineering in Life Sciences (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd)-Vol. 12, Iss: 4, pp 356-367
TL;DR: Functional starter cultures are being developed to further optimise the process and to yield additional nutritional, safety, and quality benefits, with a focus on novel, interesting molecules that may inhibit undesirable microorganisms, display nutraceutical properties, or contribute to flavour and texture attributes.
Abstract: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play a central role in several food fermentations, producing lactic acid besides other metabolic actions. Popular fermented foods that rely on the use of LAB include fermented meats, sourdoughs, and fermented dairy products. During fermentation, LAB are frequently accompanied by other microorganisms, such as coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), yeasts, and filamentous fungi. Whereas fermentation was originally a spontaneous and empiric process, most industrial processes make now use of starter cultures to speed up the fermentation process and standardise the end products and to reduce the risks on misfermentation. A drawback of using commercial starter cultures is their suboptimal selection, which is often solely based on mere technological features. Currently, functional starter cultures are being developed to further optimise the process and to yield additional nutritional, safety, and quality benefits. Specific metabolic properties are being sought for, with a focus on novel, interesting molecules that may, for instance, inhibit undesirable microorganisms, display nutraceutical properties, or contribute to flavour and texture attributes.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview of the fungal impact through the cereal food chain leading to investigation on LAB antifungal compounds is presented and applicability of LAB in plant protection and cereal industry is discussed.

160 citations


Cites background from "Bacterial diversity and functionali..."

  • ...694 Sourdough has many functionalities and advantages as the metabolic activity of LAB during 695 sourdough fermentation improves several dough properties, thus, bread quality (Arendt et al., 696 2007; Corsetti and Settanni, 2007; Ravyts et al., 2012; Zannini et al., 2009)....

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  • ...711 Due to its antifungal characteristics, many sourdough LAB are effective replacements for 712 chemical preservatives (Arendt et al., 2007; Chavan and Chavan, 2011; Gänzle et al., 2007; 713 Hansen and Schieberle, 2005; Liu et al., 2008; Ravyts et al., 2012)....

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  • ...…468 microbial safety, texture, sensory characteristics, nutritional value, and overall quality of the 469 fermented products offering beneficial health outcomes to consumers (Di Cagno et al., 2012; 470 Pawlowska et al., 2012; Peres et al., 2012; Ravyts et al., 2012; Vignolo et al., 2012)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The main biochemical reactions involved in the development of meat product aroma (wet, dry cured and fermented) are fully described and the different techniques used for key aroma elucidation in meat products are defined.

119 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Making use of the metabolic inter- and intraspecies heterogeneity of CNS is promising for the elaboration of healthier, tastier, and safer fermented meats.

95 citations


Cites background from "Bacterial diversity and functionali..."

  • ...In some fermented meats, especially in variants produced in theMediterranean area,filamentous fungi also play a role in sensory development due to their visual appearance and their proteolytic and lipolytic activities (Leroy et al., 2006; Ravyts et al., 2012)....

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  • ...(2016), expertise of themanufacturer, but also on themicrobiota that is present during the production process (Leroy et al., 2013; Ravyts et al., 2012)....

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  • ...Reappraisal of the technique of spontaneous fermentation by indigenous CNS may in principle offer attractive and distinct aromas based on the specific metabolic activities of wild-type strains (Ravyts et al., 2012; Settanni & Moschetti, 2014)....

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  • ...carnosus is often more fit than other CNS species, especially in highly acidified fermented meats (Ravyts et al., 2012; Søndergaard & Stahnke, 2002)....

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  • ...The latter are microorganisms that are naturally present on the raw meat or that originate from the environment (Ravyts et al., 2012; Talon et al., 2007)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results revealed that the appropriate selection of yeast strains with aroma potential may be used to improve the sensory characteristics of reformulated fermented sausages.

93 citations


Cites background from "Bacterial diversity and functionali..."

  • ...…(Baruzzi et al., 2006; Fontana et al., 2005) as they are involved in hygienic and sensory properties, such as lactic acid bacteria involved in acidification while coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) group in the development of colour and flavour (Ravyts et al., 2012; Talon et al., 2007)....

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  • ...The fermentation of carbohydrates is mainly performed by lactic acid bacteria that dominates the fermentation process and produces lactic acid and other aroma compounds such as diacetyl, acetaldehyde, ethanol, acetic, propionic acids among others (Ravyts et al., 2012)....

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  • ...…the other hand, the potential role of yeast in traditional sausages has not been established yet and it is necessary to look for new strategies to improve and diversify traditional dry sausage flavour (Ravyts et al., 2012; Talon et al., 2007) in order to counteract the effect of the reformulation....

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  • ...On the other hand, the potential role of yeast in traditional sausages has not been established yet and it is necessary to look for new strategies to improve and diversify traditional dry sausage flavour (Ravyts et al., 2012; Talon et al., 2007) in order to counteract the effect of the reformulation....

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  • ..., 2005) as they are involved in hygienic and sensory properties, such as lactic acid bacteria involved in acidification while coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) group in the development of colour and flavour (Ravyts et al., 2012; Talon et al., 2007)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlight the volatility of models for quality, safety, tradition, and innovation in food approaches, highlighting the importance of heritage and tradition in food marketing, and propose strategies to influence quality and healthiness.
Abstract: Fermented meats are unique products, often represented as elements of culinary heritage and identity. Yet, their success has often been compromised throughout history because of health and safety issues. Moreover, contemporary industrialized products are sometimes perceived as of inferior quality. Therefore, novel strategies are emerging to influence quality and healthiness. This is remarkable, since meat fermentation is considered to be a long-established process, and valued as such. Within a context of innovation, “artisan” elements are employed in marketing stratagems. This contrasts with process alterations, highlighting the volatility of models for “quality”, “safety”, “tradition”, and “innovation” in food approaches.

92 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: New starter cultures of lactic acid bacteria with an industrially important functionality are being developed that can contribute to the microbial safety or offer one or more organoleptic, technological, nutritional, or health advantages.
Abstract: The production of fermented foods is based on the use of starter cultures, for instance lactic acid bacteria that initiate rapid acidification of the raw material. Recently, new starter cultures of lactic acid bacteria with an industrially important functionality are being developed. The latter can contribute to the microbial safety or offer one or more organoleptic, technological, nutritional, or health advantages. Examples are lactic acid bacteria that produce antimicrobial substances, sugar polymers, sweeteners, aromatic compounds, vitamins, or useful enzymes, or that have probiotic properties.

1,567 citations


"Bacterial diversity and functionali..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Currently, the search for novel, functional starter cultures opens perspectives [1, 6]....

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  • ...This limits product diversity and may lead to non-optimally applied microorganisms as starter cultures [1]....

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  • ...As a result, the market of pro- and prebiotics, natural food preservatives, and natural texturisers for dairy application is expanding [1]....

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  • ...In an attempt to counterbalance these problems, the use of functional starter cultures has been proposed [1]....

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  • ...The outcome of the first spontaneous fermented foods must have been uncertain, depending on the microbiota initially present [1]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Application of molecular genetic techniques to determine the relatedness of food-associated lactic acid bacteria has resulted in significant changes in their taxonomic classification and the relationship of the bacteria of food fermentation and spoilage is reviewed.

1,097 citations


"Bacterial diversity and functionali..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are of particular interest in fermented foods, because they produce lactic acid as a common metabolic end metabolite [3]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Suggestions are made for strain improvement, enhanced productivities and advanced modification and production processes that may contribute to the economic soundness of applications with this promising group of biomolecules.
Abstract: Microbial exopolysaccharides are biothickeners that can be added to a wide variety of food products, where they serve as viscosifying, stabilizing, emulsifying or gelling agents. Numerous exopolysaccharides with different composition, size and structure are synthesized by lactic acid bacteria. The heteropolysaccharides from both mesophilic and thermophilic lactic acid bacteria have received renewed interest recently. Structural analysis combined with rheological studies revealed that there is considerable variation among the different exopolysaccharides; some of them exhibit remarkable thickening and shear-thinning properties and display high intrinsic viscosities. Hence, several slime-producing lactic acid bacterium strains and their biopolymers have interesting functional and technological properties, which may be exploited towards different products, in particular, natural fermented milks. However, information on the biosynthesis, molecular organization and fermentation conditions is rather scarce, and the kinetics of exopolysaccharide formation are poorly described. Moreover, the production of exopolysaccharides is low and often unstable, and their downstream processing is difficult. This review particularly deals with microbiological, biochemical and technological aspects of heteropolysaccharides from, and their production by, lactic acid bacteria. The chemical composition and structure, the biosynthesis, genetics and molecular organization, the nutritional and physiological aspects, the process technology, and both food additive and in situ applications (in particular in yogurt) of heterotype exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria are described. Where appropriate, suggestions are made for strain improvement, enhanced productivities and advanced modification and production processes (involving enzyme and/or fermentation technology) that may contribute to the economic soundness of applications with this promising group of biomolecules.

782 citations


"Bacterial diversity and functionali..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Incubation temperature, pH, and the available carbohydrates and nitrogen sources may all be of importance [91,92]....

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  • ...0 [91], suggesting that maintaining higher pH values will result in increased HePS production, as the exponential growth phase would be extended....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The highly promising results of these studies underline the important role that functional, bacteriocinogenic LAB strains may play in the food industry as starter cultures, co-cultures, or bioprotective cultures, to improve food quality and safety.
Abstract: In fermented foods, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) display numerous antimicrobial activities. This is mainly due to the production of organic acids, but also of other compounds, such as bacteriocins and antifungal peptides. Several bacteriocins with industrial potential have been purified and characterized. The kinetics of bacteriocin production by LAB in relation to process factors have been studied in detail through mathematical modeling and positive predictive microbiology. Application of bacteriocin-producing starter cultures in sourdough (to increase competitiveness), in fermented sausage (anti-listerial effect), and in cheese (anti-listerial and anti-clostridial effects), have been studied during in vitro laboratory fermentations as well as on pilot-scale level. The highly promising results of these studies underline the important role that functional, bacteriocinogenic LAB strains may play in the food industry as starter cultures, co-cultures, or bioprotective cultures, to improve food quality and safety. In addition, antimicrobial production by probiotic LAB might play a role during in vivo interactions occurring in the human gastrointestinal tract, hence contributing to gut health.

661 citations


"Bacterial diversity and functionali..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Bacteriocins from LAB offer several desirable properties, as these substances are generally recognised as safe, not active against eukaryotic cells, inactivated by digestive proteases, not influencing the gut microbiota, usually pH- and heat tolerant, often having a bactericidal mode of action, and not displaying cross-resistance with antibiotics [36]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The aim of this paper is to give an overview on the presence of these compounds in dry fermented sausages and to discuss the most important factors influencing their accumulation, including process and implicit factors as well as the role of starter and nonstarter microflora growing in the different steps of sausage production.

567 citations