Banana fiber/chemically functionalized polypropylene composites with in-situ fiber/matrix interfacial adhesion by Palsule process
TL;DR: In this paper, the in-situ fiber/matrix interfacial adhesion generated due to interactions between BF and the maleic anhydride (MAH)-grafted polypropylene matrix has been established by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
Abstract: Chemically functionalized maleic anhydride (MAH)-grafted polypropylene matrix has been used (in place of polypropylene as matrix with compatibilizer) to process banana fiber/chemically functionalized polypropylene (BF/CFPP) composites, without using any compatibilizer and without any fiber modification by Palsule process. Fiber/matrix interfacial adhesion generated, in-situ, due to interactions between BF and the MAH of the CFPP matrix has been established by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical properties of the BF/CFPP composites developed by Palsule process with in-situ fiber/matrix interfacial adhesion in this study have been found to be higher than those of the matrix and it increases with increasing amounts of fibers in composites, and are better than properties of literature reported BF/polypropylene composites processed with compatibilizers. Measured modulus of BF/CFPP composites compares well with values predicted by rule of mixtures, Hrisch model, ...
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: In this article, the exfoliation of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanoplatelets has been investigated using a chemical exfolation route, which has attracted considerable interest recently.
Abstract: Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanoplatelets have attracted considerable interest recently. In this work, hBN nanoplatelets have been prepared using chemical exfoliation route. The exfoliation of hB...
31 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated different hemp surface modifications (mercerization, maleated polyethylene (MAPE) addition in solution or in melt blending) to improve the properties of linear medium density.
Abstract: This work investigates different hemp surface modifications (mercerization, maleated polyethylene (MAPE) addition in solution or in melt blending) to improve the properties of linear medium density...
30 citations
Cites background from "Banana fiber/chemically functionali..."
...[22] have shown that the use of functionalized polyolefins helps to produce composites with improved interfacial properties without using a plasticizer or fiber pretreatment....
[...]
TL;DR: In this article, in situ fiber/matrix interfacial adhesion generated in situ, due to interactions between jute fiber and the maleic anhydride of the CF-HDPE matrix, has been established by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope micrographs.
Abstract: Jute fiber-reinforced chemically functionalized polyethylene high density (JF/CF-HDPE) composites have been processed, by Palsule process without using any compatibilizer and without any fiber modification, by using chemically functionalized maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE) as matrix, in place of polyethylene. Fiber/matrix interfacial adhesion generated in situ, due to interactions between jute fiber and the maleic anhydride of the CF-HDPE matrix, has been established by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope micrographs. Mechanical properties of the JF/CF-HDPE composites developed with in situ fiber/matrix interfacial adhesion in this study have been found to be higher than those of the CF-HDPE matrix and increase with increasing amounts of jute fibers in the JF/CF-HDPE composites, and are better than properties of literature reported and laboratory processed jute fiber/polyethylene composites with and without MAPE compatibilizer. Measured tensile modulus of ...
23 citations
Cites background from "Banana fiber/chemically functionali..."
...formation of water that is removed from the system during processing and extrusion of composites at high temperatures (Figure 10) or may form hydrogen bond with hydroxyl groups present on JF (Figure 11).[28] The reaction scheme at interface of JF/CF-HDPE composite has been further confirmed by FTIR analysis of JF/CF-HDPE composite....
[...]
...The new peak at 1736 cm (1), that is, in between the region of 1735 and 1750 cm (1), indicates the formation of esters in the composite; and this peak may be confirmed by reference to the literature.[28,34] The other new peak at 1115 cm 1 falls in the region between 1000 and 1300 cm 1 indicating the presence of an ester group....
[...]
...[24–26] Palsule [27], for the first time, demonstrated that use of chemically functionalized maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin matrix, in place of polyolefin, eliminates the need of any compatibilizer or any fiber treatment for processing the composites, and the natural fiber-reinforced modified polyolefin composites with in situ fiber/matrix interfacial adhesion developed by Palsule process [28] show improved mechanical properties due to significantly improved fiber/matrix interfacial adhesion....
[...]
TL;DR: In this article, a coconut fiber reinforced chemically functionalized high-density polyethylene (CF-HDPE) composites with in situ fiber/matrix interfacial adhesion have been processed by Palsule process.
Abstract: Coconut fiber reinforced chemically functionalized high-density polyethylene (CF-HDPE) composites (CNF/CF-HDPE) with in situ fiber/matrix interfacial adhesion have been processed by Palsule process. Chemically functionalized maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene without compatibilizers has been used as matrix (in place of polyethylene with compa- tibilizer), and no fiber treatment has been performed. In situ fiber/matrix interfacial adhesion has been established by field emission scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy. Mechanical properties of the CNF/ CF-HDPE composites have been found to be higher than those of the CF-HDPE matrix and increase with increasing amounts of fibers in composites. Measured tensile modulus of CNF/CF-HDPE composites compares well with values predicted by Rule of Mixtures, Hrisch Model, Halpin-Tsai equations, Nielsen equation and Palsule equation.
21 citations
References
More filters
Book•
14 Dec 1993
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss various mechanical properties of fiber-filled composites, such as elastic moduli, creep and stress relaxation, and other mechanical properties such as stress-strain behavior and strength.
Abstract: Mechanical Tests and Polymer Transitions * Elastic Moduli * Creep and Stress Relaxation * Dynamical Mechanical Properties * Stress-Strain Behaviour and Strength * Other mechanical Properties * Particulate-Filled Polymers * Fiber- Filled Composites and Other Composites.
3,166 citations
"Banana fiber/chemically functionali..." refers background or methods in this paper
...[42] The following section compares the measured modulus of BF/CFPP composites, with values predicted by various models....
[...]
...Following is the Palsule equation for tensile modulus of short fiber polymer composites [42]:...
[...]
TL;DR: In this article, different chemical modifications on natural fibers for use in natural fiber-reinforced composites are reviewed, including alkali, silane, acetylation, benzoylation, acrylation, maleated coupling agents and permanganate.
Abstract: Studies on the use of natural fibers as replacement to man-made fiber in fiber-reinforced composites have increased and opened up further industrial possibilities. Natural fibers have the advantages of low density, low cost, and biodegradability. However, the main disadvantages of natural fibers in composites are the poor compatibility between fiber and matrix and the relative high moisture sorption. Therefore, chemical treatments are considered in modifying the fiber surface properties. In this paper, the different chemical modifications on natural fibers for use in natural fiber-reinforced composites are reviewed. Chemical treatments including alkali, silane, acetylation, benzoylation, acrylation, maleated coupling agents, isocyanates, permanganate and others are discussed. The chemical treatment of fiber aimed at improving the adhesion between the fiber surface and the polymer matrix may not only modify the fiber surface but also increase fiber strength. Water absorption of composites is reduced and their mechanical properties are improved.
2,286 citations
TL;DR: A review of natural fiber reinforced composites is presented in this paper with special reference to the type of fibers, matrix polymers, treatment of fibers and fiber-matrix interface.
Abstract: Natural fiber reinforced composites is an emerging area in polymer science. These natural fibers are low cost fibers with low density and high specific properties. These are biodegradable and non-abrasive. The natural fiber composites offer specific properties comparable to those of conventional fiber composites. However, in development of these composites, the incompatibility of the fibers and poor resistance to moisture often reduce the potential of natural fibers and these draw backs become critical issue. This review presents the reported work on natural fiber reinforced composites with special reference to the type of fibers, matrix polymers, treatment of fibers and fiber-matrix interface. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Adv in Polymer Techn 18: 351–363, 1999
2,210 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the recent progress in using silane coupling agents for NFPCs, summarizes the effective silane structures from the silane family, clarifies the interaction mechanisms between natural fibers and polymer matrices, and presents the effects of silane treatments on the mechanical and outdoor performance of the resulting composites.
Abstract: Natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) provide the customers with more alternatives in the material market due to their unique advantages. Poor fiber–matrix interfacial adhesion may, however, negatively affect the physical and mechanical properties of the resulting composites due to the surface incompatibility between hydrophilic natural fibers and non-polar polymers (thermoplastics and thermosets). A variety of silanes (mostly trialkoxysilanes) have been applied as coupling agents in the NFPCs to promote interfacial adhesion and improve the properties of composites. This paper reviews the recent progress in using silane coupling agents for NFPCs, summarizes the effective silane structures from the silane family, clarifies the interaction mechanisms between natural fibers and polymer matrices, and presents the effects of silane treatments on the mechanical and outdoor performance of the resulting composites.
1,725 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the use of pretreated natural fibers in polymer matrix-based composites has been reviewed and the effect of surface modification of natural fibers on the properties of fibers and fiber reinforced polymer composites is also discussed.
Abstract: In recent years, natural fibers reinforced composites have received much attention because of their lightweight, nonabrasive, combustible, nontoxic, low cost and biodegradable properties. Among the various natural fibers; flax, bamboo, sisal, hemp, ramie, jute, and wood fibers are of particular interest. A lot of research work has been performed all over the world on the use of natural fibers as a reinforcing material for the preparation of various types of composites. However, lack of good interfacial adhesion, low melting point, and poor resistance towards moisture make the use of natural fiber reinforced composites less attractive. Pretreatments of the natural fiber can clean the fiber surface, chemically modify the surface, stop the moisture absorption process, and increase the surface roughness. Among the various pretreatment techniques, graft copolymerization and plasma treatment are the best methods for surface modification of natural fibers. Graft copolymers of natural fibers with vinyl monomers provide better adhesion between matrix and fiber. In the present article, the use of pretreated natural fibers in polymer matrix-based composites has been reviewed. Effect of surface modification of natural fibers on the properties of fibers and fiber reinforced polymer composites has also been discussed. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
1,201 citations