Barriers to widespread adoption of electric vehicles: An analysis of consumer attitudes and perceptions
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify potential socio-technical barriers to consumer adoption of EVs and determine if sustainability issues influence consumer decision to purchase an EV, and provide valuable insights into preferences and perceptions of technology enthusiasts; individuals highly connected to technology development and better equipped to sort out the many differences between EVs and CVs.
About: This article is published in Energy Policy.The article was published on 2012-09-01. It has received 1207 citations till now.
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TL;DR: In this paper , a comprehensive summary of the charging way and its level is proposed for a more overall analysis with enriched technologies diversity, and two different CS models are discussed detailly in the aspects of the objective function, factors, advantages and disadvantages, applicability, and complexity.
Abstract: With the rapid development of the global economy and technology, the demand for fossil fuels in transportation and power industries is ever‐growing, which inevitably leads to lower fossil fuel storage and higher prices. Electric vehicles (EVs) are widely used as an effective solution to energy shortage and environmental pollution. However, there exist numerous obstacles, such as unmatchable capacity and unsuitable location. Therefore, an appropriate size and location of the charging station (CS) are very crucial. Based on a thorough investigation of 138 literature, this paper comprehensively summarizes the past from three aspects including charging technology, CS model, and methodologies. Besides, a comprehensive summary of the charging way and its level is proposed for a more overall analysis with enriched technologies diversity. Furthermore, two different CS models are discussed detailly in the aspects of the objective function, factors, advantages and disadvantages, applicability, and complexity. Additionally, a detailed summary of three methodologies, including meta‐heuristic, multi‐criteria decision making (MCDM), and analytical methods, are proposed and a comprehensive evaluation and their advantages/disadvantages, applicability, and complexity are summarized and assessed thoroughly. Finally, 11 valuable and insightful findings are drawn and two promising challenges, two opportunities, and three future directions are proposed for further research.
4 citations
TL;DR: Based on three adopter groups of Battery Electric Vehicles (Utilitarian Savers, Performance Seekers, and Green Technologists), the authors develop tailored measures for decision-makers in policy and management to foster the adoption and diffusion of battery electric Vehicles.
Abstract: Battery Electric Vehicles are regarded as highly important to reach environmental goals, such as CO2 savings in the transport sector. Despite governments making strong efforts to encourage their adoption and diffusion, sales still remain at a notoriously low level. One of the reasons may be the lack of a deeper understanding of the differences among potential adopters of Battery Electric Vehicles. To close this research gap, the authors segment adopter groups in a new way. They simultaneously use preferences for product attributes and personal characteristics to identify and characterize adopter groups of Battery Electric Vehicles. In this way, adopters can be effectively segmented, uncovering a more precise picture of adopters’ needs. Moreover, the authors introduce a three-step-procedure combining inputs from an adaptive choice-based conjoint experiment with a questionnaire. This approach can be used to segment adopter groups of other eco-innovations, as well. Based on three adopter groups of Battery Electric Vehicles (Utilitarian Savers, Performance Seekers, and Green Technologists), the authors develop tailored measures for decision-makers in policy and management to foster the adoption and diffusion of Battery Electric Vehicles.
4 citations
Proceedings Article•
01 Jan 2014TL;DR: This study reports on what information Green Information Systems should provide to the individual users of electric vehicles, and identifies four different user groups through a cluster analysis based on technology and environmental issues.
Abstract: Environmental pollution and climate change are critical global challenges of our time. Electric vehicles can tackle these problems by contributing to a sustainable mobility solution and a better environment, in particular in urban areas. Despite their benefits, the diffusion of electric vehicles is still low. This study reports on what information Green Information Systems should provide to the individual users of electric vehicles. Using data obtained from a national survey in China, we identified four different user groups through a cluster analysis based on technology and environmental issues. Considering their particular characteristics, we show how information systems can specifically address the interests of each of the user groups. Our findings provide a foundation for the future design of information systems for electric vehicles in order to improve user acceptance and behavior towards environmental sustainability.
4 citations
Cites background from "Barriers to widespread adoption of ..."
...However, on the contrary, users that are less technology affine are likely to resist from purchasing technology such as EVs that are considered alien or unproved (Egbue and Long 2012)....
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...Egbue and Long (2012) found that individuals with high environmental awareness are likely to adopt EV technology sooner than individuals with low environmental awareness....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the factors that influence EV use by tourists based on several scenarios for estimating EV share target and the emission reduction contributed, and found that rental cost and accessibility, as well as the quality of charging stations are factors that affect EV use.
Abstract: The Bali Government has made the implementation of the electric vehicle (EV) policy a high priority considering its attractiveness for emission and air pollution reduction to maintain the sustainability of Bali’s nature and tourism sector. Considering the uniqueness of the tourism sector in Bali and the mobility it generates, this study aims to investigate the factors that influence EV use by tourists based on several scenarios for estimating EV share target and the emission reduction contributed. For those purposes, the stated choice questionnaire was distributed online and offline to tourists in Bali and analyzed using the multinomial logit (MNL) model. While the study done during pandemic times, where the number of the tourist is significantly decreasing and the travel behavior influenced by mobility restriction imposed by the government, the data collection still covered mobility of both international and domestic tourist. The survey found that rental cost and accessibility, as well as the quality of charging stations are factors that affect EV use by tourists. Motorcycle parking cost was also found to influence EV use. These findings align with previous studies, and interventions such as fiscal incentives for rental companies and infrastructure development are suggested similar to EV incentives implemented in China, India, or the US. The development of the low emission zone (LEZ) is also proposed to manage parking fares similar to what was implemented in London, specifically to push the shift from internal combustion engine (ICE) to EV. Based on emission inventory calculation, 1.9 million kg of potential annual CO2 can be prevented with the implementation of these policies by the government.
4 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: A novel framework, named as the Simulation-based Utility Maximization of Wireless Charging (SUMWC), which aims to maximize the utility of WCUs for EV charging through the optimal WCU deployment using the concept of opportunistic CWD at signalized intersections.
Abstract: 236 + Text: 5432 + References: 737 + 4 tables/figures: 1000 = 7405 words Submission date: August 1, 2017 Khan, Chowdhury, Khan, Safro, Ushijima-Mwesigwa ABSTRACT The advancements in Electric Vehicle (EV) wireless charging technology have initiated substantial research on the optimal deployment of Wireless Charging Units (WCU) for dynamic charging or Charging While Driving (CWD) applications. This study presents a novel framework, named as the Simulation-based Utility Maximization of Wireless Charging (SUMWC), which aims to maximize the utility of WCUs for EV charging through the optimal WCU deployment using the concept of opportunistic CWD at signalized intersections. At first, a calibrated traffic micro-simulation network of the area of interest is required for this framework. The calibrated traffic network is used to create the utility function and control delay function for each selected lane at the selected intersections of the road network. The lanes are selected based on their potential to charge EVs. An optimization problem is formulated using the utility and control delay functions, where the objective is to maximize the utility of WCUs, and the decision variables are location and length of WCUs and traffic signal timing. The constraints of the optimization formulation are budget, locations, minimum green signal times and acceptable Level of Service (LOS). A global solution is achieved for this optimization problem using the Genetic Algorithm. The optimized utility is compared with other deployment schemes, such as deployment following betweenness centrality and placement at lane with the highest traffic volume. SUM-WC framework achieves at least 1.5 times more utility per hour than these other deployment schemes.The advancements in Electric Vehicle (EV) wireless charging technology have initiated substantial research on the optimal deployment of Wireless Charging Units (WCU) for dynamic charging or Charging While Driving (CWD) applications. This study presents a novel framework, named as the Simulation-based Utility Maximization of Wireless Charging (SUMWC), which aims to maximize the utility of WCUs for EV charging through the optimal WCU deployment using the concept of opportunistic CWD at signalized intersections. At first, a calibrated traffic micro-simulation network of the area of interest is required for this framework. The calibrated traffic network is used to create the utility function and control delay function for each selected lane at the selected intersections of the road network. The lanes are selected based on their potential to charge EVs. An optimization problem is formulated using the utility and control delay functions, where the objective is to maximize the utility of WCUs, and the decision variables are location and length of WCUs and traffic signal timing. The constraints of the optimization formulation are budget, locations, minimum green signal times and acceptable Level of Service (LOS). A global solution is achieved for this optimization problem using the Genetic Algorithm. The optimized utility is compared with other deployment schemes, such as deployment following betweenness centrality and placement at lane with the highest traffic volume. SUM-WC framework achieves at least 1.5 times more utility per hour than these other deployment schemes.
4 citations
Cites background from "Barriers to widespread adoption of ..."
...One of the limitations is range anxiety (1), which can be solved by installing inductive coils in the bottom of EVs....
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References
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TL;DR: Ajzen, 1985, 1987, this article reviewed the theory of planned behavior and some unresolved issues and concluded that the theory is well supported by empirical evidence and that intention to perform behaviors of different kinds can be predicted with high accuracy from attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control; and these intentions, together with perceptions of behavioral control, account for considerable variance in actual behavior.
65,095 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report results of two questionnaire studies aimed at examining various motives for car use, and investigate individual differences in the relative importance of the three categories of motives were investigated.
Abstract: This paper reports results of two questionnaire studies aimed at examining various motives for car use. In the first study, a random selection of 185 respondents who possess a driving licence were interviewed. Respondents were recruited from the cities of Groningen and Rotterdam, The Netherlands. The sample of the second study comprised a random selection of 113 commuters who regularly travelled during rush hours in and around Rotterdam, a region in the west of the Netherlands. First, it was examined which categories of car use motives may be distinguished. As proposed by Dittmar’s (1992) [The social psychology of material possessions: to have is to be. Havester Wheatsheaf, Hemel Hempstead, UK; St. Martin’s Press, New York] model on the meaning of material possessions, results from both studies revealed that car use not only fulfils instrumental functions, but also important symbolic and affective functions. Second, it was studied to what extent these different motives are related to the level of car use. From the results of study 2, it appeared that commuter car use was most strongly related to symbolic and affective motives, and not to instrumental motives. Third, individual differences in the relative importance of the three categories of motives were investigated. In both studies, most group differences were found in the evaluation of the symbolic and affective motives (and not the instrumental ones). Especially frequent drivers, respondents with a positive car attitude, male and younger respondents valued these non-instrumental motives for car use. These results suggest that policy makers should not exclusively focus on instrumental motives for car use, but they should consider the many social and affective motives as well.
1,064 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the relative efficacy of state sales tax waivers, income tax credits and non-tax incentives for hybrid-electric vehicle adoption in the United States has been studied and shown that the type of tax incentive offered is as important as the value of the tax incentive.
Abstract: Federal, state and local governments use a variety of incentives to induce consumer adoption of hybrid-electric vehicles. We study the relative efficacy of state sales tax waivers, income tax credits and non-tax incentives and find that the type of tax incentive offered is as important as the value of the tax incentive. Conditional on value, we find that sales tax waivers are associated a seven-fold greater increase in hybrid sales than income tax credits. In addition, we estimate the extent to which consumer adoption of hybrid-electric vehicles (HEV) in the United States from 2000-2006 can be attributed to government incentives, changing gasoline prices, or consumer preferences for environmental quality or energy security. After controlling for model specific state and time trends, we find that rising gasoline prices are associated with higher hybrid sales, although the effect operates entirely through sales of the hybrid models with the highest fuel economy. In total, we find that tax incentives, rising gasoline prices and social preferences are associated with 6, 27 and 36 percent of high economy hybrid sales from 2000-2006.
595 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore both the promise and the possible pitfalls of the plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) concept, focusing first on its definition and then on its technical state-of-the-art.
551 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a full year of high-resolution driving data from 484 instrumented gasoline vehicles in the US is used to analyze daily driving patterns, and from those infer the range requirements of electric vehicles (EVs).
Abstract: One full year of high-resolution driving data from 484 instrumented gasoline vehicles in the US is used to analyze daily driving patterns, and from those infer the range requirements of electric vehicles (EVs). We conservatively assume that EV drivers would not change their current gasoline-fueled driving patterns and that they would charge only once daily, typically at home overnight. Next, the market is segmented into those drivers for whom a limited-range vehicle would meet every day’s range need, and those who could meet their daily range need only if they make adaptations on some days. Adaptations, for example, could mean they have to either recharge during the day, borrow a liquid-fueled vehicle, or save some errands for the subsequent day. From this analysis, with the stated assumptions, we infer the potential market share for limited-range vehicles. For example, we find that 9% of the vehicles in the sample never exceeded 100 miles in one day, and 21% never exceeded 150 miles in one day. These drivers presumably could substitute a limited-range vehicle, like electric vehicles now on the market, for their current gasoline vehicle without any adaptation in their driving at all. For drivers who are willing to make adaptations on 2 days a year, the same 100 mile range EV would meet the needs of 17% of drivers, and if they are willing to adapt every other month (six times a year), it would work for 32% of drivers. Thus, it appears that even modest electric vehicles with today’s limited battery range, if marketed correctly to segments with appropriate driving behavior, comprise a large enough market for substantial vehicle sales. An additional analysis examines driving versus parking by time of day. On the average weekday at 5 pm, only 15% of the vehicles in the sample are on the road; at no time during the year are fewer than 75% of vehicles parked. Also, because the return trip home is widely spread in time, even if all cars plug in and begin charging immediately when they arrive home and park, the increased demand on the electric system is less problematic than prior analyses have suggested.
541 citations