Barriers to widespread adoption of electric vehicles: An analysis of consumer attitudes and perceptions
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify potential socio-technical barriers to consumer adoption of EVs and determine if sustainability issues influence consumer decision to purchase an EV, and provide valuable insights into preferences and perceptions of technology enthusiasts; individuals highly connected to technology development and better equipped to sort out the many differences between EVs and CVs.
About: This article is published in Energy Policy.The article was published on 2012-09-01. It has received 1207 citations till now.
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01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: Although consumers express environmental attitudes, the pro-environmental behaviors are not dominant as mentioned in this paper, despite the benefits of sustainable technologies in reducing the environmental impacts of consu cient activities.
Abstract: Although consumers express environmental attitudes, the pro-environmental behaviors are not dominant. Despite the benefits of sustainable technologies in reducing the environmental impacts of consu ...
3 citations
DOI•
01 Jan 2021
TL;DR: In this article, a pseudo-dreidimensional multiphysik-modell for the Lithium-Ionen-Zelle with Mischkathode and Graphitanode is presented.
Abstract: Lithium-Ionen-Batterien spielen eine wichtige Rolle in einer Gesellschaft, die immer mehr von den Auswirkungen des Klimawandels betroffen ist. Daher ist es notwendig, die CO2-Emissionen und den Verbrauch fossiler Brennstoffe zu reduzieren. Gegenwartig scheinen Lithium-Ionen-Batterien die idealen Kandidaten fur diese Herausforderung zu sein, aber es bedarf weiterer Forschung und Entwicklung, um ihr Verhalten zu verstehen, ihre Grenzen zu kennen und dadurch ihre Leistung zu verbessern. Hierbei haben sich mathematische Modelle und numerische Simulation als Standardtechniken in der Forschung und Entwicklung von Lithium-Ionen-Batterien etabliert und als sehr nutzlich erwiesen, um experimentelle Arbeiten zu unterstutzen und die Genauigkeit von Modellen zur Lebenserwartungsvorhersage zu erhohen. Diese Arbeit konzentriert sich auf die elektrochemischen Alterungsreaktionen in der Anode, insbesondere auf das Thema Lithium-Plating und dessen Wechselwirkung mit dem Solid-Electrolyte-Interface (SEI). Ziel dieser Arbeit ist ein tieferes Verstandnis dieser Degradationsprozesse durch die Verwendung verfeinerter Modellierungsansatze und der Analyse von Simulationen uber einen weiten Bereich von Betriebsbedingungen. Die zugrunde liegenden Gleichungen sind im hauseigenen multiphysikalischen Softwarepaket DENIS implementiert, fur die elektrochemische Modellbeschreibung wird der Open Source Code fur chemische Kinetik CANTERA verwendet. Die Entwicklung, Parametrierung und experimentelle Validierung eines umfassenden pseudo-dreidimensionalen Multiphysik-Modells einer kommerziellen Lithium-Ionen-Zelle mit Mischkathode und Graphitanode wird vorgestellt. Dieses Modell ist in der Lage, sowohl den Warme- und Massentransport auf mehreren Skalen, als auch komplexe elektrochemische Reaktionsmechanismen zu beschreiben und zu simulieren, einschlieslich der Fahigkeit, eine Mischelektrode zu simulieren, in der mehrere Aktivmaterialien einer Interkalations-/Deinterkalations-Reaktion ausgesetzt sind. Es folgt eine Erweiterung, um den reversiblen Lithium-Plating Vorgang darstellen zu konnen und die Vorhersage des Alterungsverhaltens uber einen weiten Bereich von Bedingungen vorher sagen zu konnen, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf hohen Stromen und niedrigen Temperaturen liegt, die insbesondere im Feld der Schnellladung interessant sind. Dieses erweiterte Modell wird durch Vergleich mit veroffentlichten experimentellen Ergebnissen uberpruft, die ein Spannungsplateau und einen Spannungsabfall als Plating-Indikatoren zeigen, und beinhaltet optional eine explizite Reinterkalationsreaktion, die makroskopische Hinweise auf Plating im speziellen Fall einer Zelle, die keine offensichtlichen Plattierungszeichen zeigt, unterdruckt. Dieses Modell wird verwendet, um Degradationskarten uber einen weiten Bereich von Bedingungen und eine eingehende raum-zeitliche Analyse des Anodenverhaltens auf der mesoskopischen und mikroskopischen Skala zu erstellen, um die dynamische und nichtlineare Wechselwirkung zwischen der Interkalations-Reaktion und den Plating-Reaktionen zu demonstrieren. Es wird ein vertiefender Ausblick auf die SEI-Bildung und das SEI-Wachstum gegeben, zusammen mit der qualitativen Beschreibung von drei verschiedenen 1D-Modellen mit abnehmendem Detaillierungsgrad, die mit dem Ziel entwickelt wurden, in Zukunft idealerweise in umfassendere Multiskalen-Modelle einbezogen zu werden. Schlieslich wird das erweiterte Modell erfolgreich mit einem zuvor entwickelten SEI-Modell gekoppelt, so dass ein umfassendes Modellgerust entsteht, das in der Lage ist, sowohl Degradationsprozesse als auch deren kontinuierliche positive Ruckkopplung zu simulieren.
3 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Battery technology is selected as the best energy storage source for Electric Vehicle with regard to the maturity of this technology and its various advantages such as cost, charging facilities, efficiency...etc.
Abstract: In the last recent years, the interest on electric vehicle has been increased more and more due to environmental issues and oil#39s price dependency. The purpose of this study is to select the best energy storage source for Electric Vehicle in the future In light of this purpose, firstly, specific criteria has been proposed as main fnbsp actors influencing on energy storage technology adoptionnbsp using PEST analysis and the results calculated by Analytical Networknbsp Process tools select battery technology as the best energy storage source for Electric Vehicle regard to the maturity of this technology and its various advantages such as cost, charging facilities, efficiency...etc.
3 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used data from a representative survey on PEV interest from Germany to analyse factors that are related to interest in PEVs of private car buyers, and they found that technology affinity and the feeling that an PEV can serve the user's driving need are positively connected with interest in plug-in electric vehicles.
Abstract: Plug-in electric vehicles (PPEVs) have noteworthy potential to reduce global and local emissions and are expected to become a relevant future market for vehicle sales. Both policy makers and car manufacturers have an interest to understand the future PEV user groups, also those beyond the current 'early adopter'. However, there are only a few empirical results available about potential future PEV users. Here, we use data from a representative survey on PEV interest from Germany to analyse factors that are related to interest in PEVs of private car buyers. Interest in PEV implies a positive attitude towards this new technology and is thus a prerequisite for later adoption. Our results show that technology affinity and the feeling that an PEV can serve the user's driving need are positively connected to interest in PEVs. Furthermore, persons that connect a strong feeling of independence with conventional vehicles are less likely to be interested in PEVs. Our results indicate that automakers promoting PEVs should focus their marketing on the new yet ready technology in the next years.
3 citations
01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: The Ubergang in die Elektromobilitat stellt den Automobilhandel aufgrund des Kundenverhaltens vor neue Herausforderungen as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Der Ubergang in die Elektromobilitat stellt den Automobilhandel aufgrund des Kundenverhaltens vor neue Herausforderungen Kunden sehen sich neben einer im Vergleich zu konventionellen Fahrzeugen schlechteren technischen Performance [1]sowie einer als unzureichend wahrgenommenen Ladeinfrastruktur [2] mit weiteren Unsicherheiten und wahrgenommenen Nachteilen im Zuge der Nutzung von Elektroautos konfrontiert, die in ihrer Summe zu einer geringen Nutzungsabsicht insbesondere von Privatkunden fuhren: Zum einen ergeben sich hohe Kosten fur die Batterie dieser Fahrzeuge, die viele Kunden nicht bereit sind zu zahlen [3][4]
3 citations
References
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TL;DR: Ajzen, 1985, 1987, this article reviewed the theory of planned behavior and some unresolved issues and concluded that the theory is well supported by empirical evidence and that intention to perform behaviors of different kinds can be predicted with high accuracy from attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control; and these intentions, together with perceptions of behavioral control, account for considerable variance in actual behavior.
65,095 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report results of two questionnaire studies aimed at examining various motives for car use, and investigate individual differences in the relative importance of the three categories of motives were investigated.
Abstract: This paper reports results of two questionnaire studies aimed at examining various motives for car use. In the first study, a random selection of 185 respondents who possess a driving licence were interviewed. Respondents were recruited from the cities of Groningen and Rotterdam, The Netherlands. The sample of the second study comprised a random selection of 113 commuters who regularly travelled during rush hours in and around Rotterdam, a region in the west of the Netherlands. First, it was examined which categories of car use motives may be distinguished. As proposed by Dittmar’s (1992) [The social psychology of material possessions: to have is to be. Havester Wheatsheaf, Hemel Hempstead, UK; St. Martin’s Press, New York] model on the meaning of material possessions, results from both studies revealed that car use not only fulfils instrumental functions, but also important symbolic and affective functions. Second, it was studied to what extent these different motives are related to the level of car use. From the results of study 2, it appeared that commuter car use was most strongly related to symbolic and affective motives, and not to instrumental motives. Third, individual differences in the relative importance of the three categories of motives were investigated. In both studies, most group differences were found in the evaluation of the symbolic and affective motives (and not the instrumental ones). Especially frequent drivers, respondents with a positive car attitude, male and younger respondents valued these non-instrumental motives for car use. These results suggest that policy makers should not exclusively focus on instrumental motives for car use, but they should consider the many social and affective motives as well.
1,064 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the relative efficacy of state sales tax waivers, income tax credits and non-tax incentives for hybrid-electric vehicle adoption in the United States has been studied and shown that the type of tax incentive offered is as important as the value of the tax incentive.
Abstract: Federal, state and local governments use a variety of incentives to induce consumer adoption of hybrid-electric vehicles. We study the relative efficacy of state sales tax waivers, income tax credits and non-tax incentives and find that the type of tax incentive offered is as important as the value of the tax incentive. Conditional on value, we find that sales tax waivers are associated a seven-fold greater increase in hybrid sales than income tax credits. In addition, we estimate the extent to which consumer adoption of hybrid-electric vehicles (HEV) in the United States from 2000-2006 can be attributed to government incentives, changing gasoline prices, or consumer preferences for environmental quality or energy security. After controlling for model specific state and time trends, we find that rising gasoline prices are associated with higher hybrid sales, although the effect operates entirely through sales of the hybrid models with the highest fuel economy. In total, we find that tax incentives, rising gasoline prices and social preferences are associated with 6, 27 and 36 percent of high economy hybrid sales from 2000-2006.
595 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore both the promise and the possible pitfalls of the plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) concept, focusing first on its definition and then on its technical state-of-the-art.
551 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a full year of high-resolution driving data from 484 instrumented gasoline vehicles in the US is used to analyze daily driving patterns, and from those infer the range requirements of electric vehicles (EVs).
Abstract: One full year of high-resolution driving data from 484 instrumented gasoline vehicles in the US is used to analyze daily driving patterns, and from those infer the range requirements of electric vehicles (EVs). We conservatively assume that EV drivers would not change their current gasoline-fueled driving patterns and that they would charge only once daily, typically at home overnight. Next, the market is segmented into those drivers for whom a limited-range vehicle would meet every day’s range need, and those who could meet their daily range need only if they make adaptations on some days. Adaptations, for example, could mean they have to either recharge during the day, borrow a liquid-fueled vehicle, or save some errands for the subsequent day. From this analysis, with the stated assumptions, we infer the potential market share for limited-range vehicles. For example, we find that 9% of the vehicles in the sample never exceeded 100 miles in one day, and 21% never exceeded 150 miles in one day. These drivers presumably could substitute a limited-range vehicle, like electric vehicles now on the market, for their current gasoline vehicle without any adaptation in their driving at all. For drivers who are willing to make adaptations on 2 days a year, the same 100 mile range EV would meet the needs of 17% of drivers, and if they are willing to adapt every other month (six times a year), it would work for 32% of drivers. Thus, it appears that even modest electric vehicles with today’s limited battery range, if marketed correctly to segments with appropriate driving behavior, comprise a large enough market for substantial vehicle sales. An additional analysis examines driving versus parking by time of day. On the average weekday at 5 pm, only 15% of the vehicles in the sample are on the road; at no time during the year are fewer than 75% of vehicles parked. Also, because the return trip home is widely spread in time, even if all cars plug in and begin charging immediately when they arrive home and park, the increased demand on the electric system is less problematic than prior analyses have suggested.
541 citations