Basic Concepts and Clinical Findings in the Treatment of Seizure Disorders with EEG Operant Conditioning
TL;DR: Two issues concerning sensorimotor EEG operant conditioning, or biofeedback, as a therapeutic modality for the treatment of seizure disorders are the focus of this review.
Abstract: Two issues concerning sensorimotor EEG operant conditioning, or biofeedback, as a therapeutic modality for the treatment of seizure disorders are the focus of this review. The first relates to the question of whether relevant physiological changes are associated with this procedure. This question is addressed through review of an extensive neurophysiological literature that is likely unfamiliar to many clinicians but that documents both immediate and sustained functional changes that are consistent with elevation of seizure thresholds. The second focuses on the clinical efficacy of this method and whether it should carry the designation of "experimental". This designation is challenged through an assessment of over 25 years of peer-reviewed research demonstrating impressive EEG and clinical results achieved with the most difficult subset of seizure patients.
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TL;DR: With adequate recognition and effective engagement of all issues, BCI systems could eventually provide an important new communication and control option for those with motor disabilities and might also give those without disabilities a supplementary control channel or a control channel useful in special circumstances.
6,803 citations
TL;DR: The brain's electrical signals enable people without muscle control to physically interact with the world through the use of their brains' electrical signals.
Abstract: The brain's electrical signals enable people without muscle control to physically interact with the world.
2,361 citations
Cites background from "Basic Concepts and Clinical Finding..."
...…used mainly to evaluate neurological disorders in the clinic and to investigate brain function in the laboratory; and a few studies have explored its therapeutic possibilities (e.g. Travis et al., 1975; Kuhlman, 1978; Elbert et al., 1980; Rockstroh et al., 1989; Rice et al., 1993; Sterman, 2000)....
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TL;DR: A critically discuss the literature on seizure prediction and address some of the problems and pitfalls involved in the designing and testing of seizure-prediction algorithms, and point towards possible future developments and propose methodological guidelines for future studies on seizure predictions.
Abstract: The sudden and apparently unpredictable nature of seizures is one of the most disabling aspects of the disease epilepsy. A method capable of predicting the occurrence of seizures from the electroencephalogram (EEG) of epilepsy patients would open new therapeutic possibilities. Since the 1970s investigations on the predictability of seizures have advanced from preliminary descriptions of seizure precursors to controlled studies applying prediction algorithms to continuous multi-day EEG recordings. While most of the studies published in the 1990s and around the turn of the millennium yielded rather promising results, more recent evaluations could not reproduce these optimistic findings, thus raising a debate about the validity and reliability of previous investigations. In this review, we will critically discuss the literature on seizure prediction and address some of the problems and pitfalls involved in the designing and testing of seizure-prediction algorithms. We will give an account of the current state of this research field, point towards possible future developments and propose methodological guidelines for future studies on seizure prediction.
1,018 citations
Cites background from "Basic Concepts and Clinical Finding..."
...Non-linear measures were not found to exhibit a higher predictive performance than linear measures....
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...…strategies such as local application of short-acting, powerful drugs (Stein et al., 2000), electrical stimulation techniques (Morrell, 2006 and references therein), local cooling (Hill et al., 2000) or biofeedback operant conditioning (Sterman, 2000) has been outlined in the literature....
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TL;DR: An intrahemispheric asymmetry in the spatial dynamics of preictal desynchronization that is found in the majority of seizures and appears to be an immanent part of the mechanisms underlying the initiation of seizures in humans is demonstrated.
476 citations
Cites methods from "Basic Concepts and Clinical Finding..."
...…intervention techniques (Schiff et al., 1994; Velasco et al., 2000; Gluckman et al., 2001), local cooling (Hill et al., 2000), or biofeedback operant conditioning (cf. Sterman, 2000) by applying neuropsychological or behavioral tools such as sensory processing, motor tasks, or memory processing....
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TL;DR: Validity evidence from optimal performance studies represents an advance for the neurofeedback field demonstrating that cross fertilisation between clinical and optimal performance domains will be fruitful.
416 citations
References
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TL;DR: Analysis of cortical and thalamic networks at many levels, from molecules to single neurons to large neuronal assemblies, with a variety of techniques, is beginning to yield insights into the mechanisms of the generation, modulation, and function of brain oscillations.
Abstract: Sleep is characterized by synchronized events in billions of synaptically coupled neurons in thalamocortical systems. The activation of a series of neuromodulatory transmitter systems during awakening blocks low-frequency oscillations, induces fast rhythms, and allows the brain to recover full responsiveness. Analysis of cortical and thalamic networks at many levels, from molecules to single neurons to large neuronal assemblies, with a variety of techniques, ranging from intracellular recordings in vivo and in vitro to computer simulations, is beginning to yield insights into the mechanisms of the generation, modulation, and function of brain oscillations.
3,382 citations
TL;DR: Preface .............................................................. 649 http://tinyurl.com/y7s7s3s3d8/
Abstract: Preface .............................................................. 649
1,577 citations
TL;DR: Post-movement beta (around 20 Hz) synchronization was investigated in 2 experiments with self-paced finger extension and flexion and externally paced wrist movement and is interpreted as a correlate of "idling" motor cortex neurons.
651 citations
TL;DR: Charakteristische normale Formen der elektrischen Hirntatigkeit bei direkter Ableitung von der freigelegten menschlichen Hirnrinde werden beschrieben.
Abstract: Charakteristische normale Formen der elektrischen Hirntatigkeit bei direkter Ableitung von der freigelegten menschlichen Hirnrinde werden beschrieben. Das Gebiet maximalerα-Aktivitat beginnt in der unmittelbar hinter der Postzentralwindung gelegenen Hirnrinde und dehnt sich uber den ganzen Parietallappen, den hinteren Temporallappen und zum mindesten einen Teil des Occipitallappens aus. Einα-Rhythmus niederer Amplitude erscheint bei manchen Personen auch in der vorderen Frontalregion.Die sensomotorischen Regionen sind durch rasche Frequenzen charakterisiert. Die Prazentralwindung zeigt einen reinen 25/sec-β-Rhythmus, der die Lokalisation dieser Windung schon vor der Bestatigung durch elektrische Reize erlaubt.
623 citations