Basic encephalitogenic protein: A simplified purification on sulphoethyl-sephadex
TL;DR: A method of obtaining a purified protein by passage through one column of SE-Sephadex is reported, which involves several purification steps on various chromatographic columns.
About: This article is published in FEBS Letters.The article was published on 1970-05-01 and is currently open access. It has received 98 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Sephadex.
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TL;DR: The procedure described in this communication for the isolation and purification of myelin basic protein does not require column chromatography and is therefore suitable for large scale preparation of a reasonably pure product with simple laboratory equipment.
Abstract: The wide-spread use of and demand for myelin basic protein for immunologic studies has prompted us to re-examine the details of its isolation from CNS tissue of various species. The procedure described in this communication for the isolation and purification of myelin basic protein does not require column chromatography and is therefore suitable for large scale preparation of a reasonably pure product with simple laboratory equipment. If certain precautions are taken, the yield and quality of the product are reproducible. Certain contaminants which may accompany myelin basic protein during purification by procedures currently in use are pointed out, and their possible influence on the immunologic behavior of myelin basic protein is discussed. Suitable electrophoretic techniques for the detection of these contaminants as well as details for their removal from the myelin basic protein are described.
945 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that autoimmune T cells specific to myelin basic protein can protect injured central nervous system neurons from secondary degeneration and can exert a beneficial effect by protecting injured neurons from the spread of damage.
Abstract: Autoimmunity to antigens of the central nervous system is usually considered detrimental. T cells specific to a central nervous system self antigen, such as myelin basic protein, can indeed induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, but such T cells may nevertheless appear in the blood of healthy individuals. We show here that autoimmune T cells specific to myelin basic protein can protect injured central nervous system neurons from secondary degeneration. After a partial crush injury of the optic nerve, rats injected with activated anti–myelin basic protein T cells retained approximately 300% more retinal ganglion cells with functionally intact axons than did rats injected with activated T cells specific for other antigens. Electrophysiological analysis confirmed this finding and suggested that the neuroprotection could result from a transient reduction in energy requirements owing to a transient reduction in nerve activity. These findings indicate that T–cell autoimmunity in the central nervous system, under certain circumstances, can exert a beneficial effect by protecting injured neurons from the spread of damage.
865 citations
TL;DR: It is reported here that attenuation of this cell line provides an agent for establishing resistance to induction of active EAE, and when suitably attenuated can be used as effective vaccines.
Abstract: Despite differences in initiating events and pathophysiology, the aetiological agents of all autoimmune diseases are lymphocytes specifically reactive against normal constituents of the individual. Recently we have isolated and grown as a cell line rat T lymphocytes reactive against myelin basic protein (BP)1. This T-cell line originated from rats in which we had induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by immunizing them against BP. Inoculation of syngeneic rats with the T-cell line led to the relatively rapid onset of EAE1. We report here that attenuation of this cell line provides an agent for establishing resistance to induction of active EAE. Intravenous (i.v.) inoculation of syngeneic rats with cells of the line attenuated by treatment with irradiation or mitomycin C augmented resistance to EAE caused by an encephalitogenic challenge with BP. Thus, aetiological agents of autoimmune disease, like those of microbial disease, when suitably attenuated can be used as effective vaccines.
539 citations
TL;DR: Three random basic copolymers of amino acids were tested for their effect on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and one of them, denoted as Cop 1, showed a marked suppressive effect on the disease.
Abstract: Three random basic copolymers of amino acids were tested for their effect on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). One of these copolymers denoted as Cop 1, composed of alanine, glutamic acid, lysine and tyrosine, with a molecular weight of 23 000, showed a marked suppressive effect on the disease. The intravenous administration of Cop 1 in physiological saline, as late as 5 days following the challenge with the disease-inducing dose of the basic encephalitogenic protein, reduced the clinical incidence of EAE from 64% in the control group to 22%; the histological lesions were also decreased both in prevalence and in severity. The suppressive effect on the disease attained by the synthetic copolymer is of the same order of magnitude as that previously reported for the basic encephalitogen.
The effect of the copolymers appears to be specific, since neither an acidic amino acid copolymer, nor unrelated basic proteins, had any protective action. On the other hand, a second batch of Cop 1 showed activity identical to that of the first batch. The potential applicability of this non-encephalitogenic and non-immunosuppressive material is discussed.
448 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that T cell intervention in the injured CNS might prove to be a useful means of promoting post-injury CNS maintenance and recovery, possibly via supply of NTs and other factors.
340 citations
Cites methods from "Basic encephalitogenic protein: A s..."
...MBP from the spinal cords of guinea-pigs was prepared as described [34]....
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References
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8,860 citations
TL;DR: DISK electrophoresis on small columns of polyacrylamide gels, a new method for the separation of serum proteins, has been developed by Ornstein and Davis1,2.
Abstract: DISK electrophoresis on small columns of polyacrylamide gels, a new method for the separation of serum proteins, has been developed by Ornstein and Davis1,2.
2,825 citations
TL;DR: Protein zones may be stained by Coomassie blue without any destaining of the background and with a sensitivity at least as high as that of amido black and at the price of background destaining.
1,092 citations
TL;DR: The repeated intramuscular injections of aqueous emulsions and alcohol-ether extracts of sterile normal rabbit brains in some manner produced pathological changes accompanied by myelin destruction in the brains of 7 of 8 monkeys (Macacus rhesus) and eight, control monkeys remained well.
Abstract: The repeated intramuscular injections of aqueous emulsions and alcohol-ether extracts of sterile normal rabbit brains in some manner produced pathological changes accompanied by myelin destruction in the brains of 7 of 8 monkeys (Macacus rhesus). Eight, control monkeys remained well. Cultures from the involved brains remained sterile, and no transmissible agent was demonstrated by means of intracerebral inoculations of emulsions of bits of the brains into monkeys, rabbits, guinea pigs, and white mice.
420 citations
TL;DR: The data suggest that the A1 protein is very likely the only encephalitogenic basic protein of native myelin, constituting approximately 30% of the total myelin protein.
409 citations