Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques
TL;DR: Reading a book as this basics of qualitative research grounded theory procedures and techniques and other references can enrich your life quality.
About: This article is published in Journal of Pediatric Nursing.The article was published on 1994-06-01 and is currently open access. It has received 13415 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Grounded theory & Qualitative research.
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TL;DR: Ground theory qualitative analysis showed that participants whose cases were eventually prosecuted described the detectives’ treatment toward them considerably different than participants with nonprosecuted cases, which showed that victims with cases that were not prosecuted primarily described their detectives as engaging in secondary victimization behaviors.
Abstract: Prior research has suggested that almost half of rape victims are treated by law enforcement in ways that they experience as upsetting (termed secondary victimization). However, it remains unknown why some victims have negative experiences with law enforcement and others do not. The purpose of this study is to explore victims’ experiences with secondary victimization by detectives, comparing how these experiences vary in cases that were ultimately prosecuted by the criminal justice system to those that were not prosecuted. A total of 20 rape victims are interviewed within one county. The study uses grounded theory qualitative analysis, which showed that participants whose cases were eventually prosecuted described the detectives’ treatment toward them considerably different than participants with nonprosecuted cases. The study findings further show that victims with cases that were not prosecuted primarily described their detectives as engaging in secondary victimization behaviors and that victims with ca...
121 citations
Cites methods from "Basics of qualitative research: Gro..."
...In qualitative research, rigor is evaluated by whether the investigator has undertaken procedures to verify the trustworthiness and credibility of the conclusions drawn (Strauss & Corbin, 1990)....
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TL;DR: The authors analyzed 980 pages of interview transcripts with stepparents and stepchildren to gain a deeper understanding of how blended family members experiencing different developmental pathways discursively represented their processes of becoming a family.
Abstract: We adopted a process-focus in order to gain a deeper understanding of how (step) blended family members experiencing different developmental pathways discursively represented their processes of becoming a family. Using a qualitative/interpretive method, we analyzed 980 pages of interview transcripts with stepparents and stepchildren. We studied the first four years of family development, using the five developmental pathways developed by Baxter, Braithwaite, and Nicholson (1999). Three salient issues identified in the family experiences were boundary management, solidarity, and adaptation. While the negotiation of these issues varied across the five trajectories, there were commonalities across family experiences that helped determine whether families had a successful experience of becoming a family. Implications for blended family researchers and practitioners are also discussed.
120 citations
Cites background from "Basics of qualitative research: Gro..."
...The overall design of the study was in the qualitative/interpretive tradition, seeking to describe recurring patterns of behaviors and meanings from the experiences of participants (Creswell, 1998; Leininger, 1994; Strauss & Corbin, 1990)....
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TL;DR: Investigating the caring experience of carers for patients with an advanced progressive illness, who suffer from breathlessness, found that breathlessness was particularly challenging, and carers did not have any strategies to relieve the symptom and were ill prepared for acute exacerbations.
Abstract: Objective Little is known about the factors that mediate the caregiving experience of informal carers at home, which could inform about ways of supporting them in their caregiving role. Our objective was to investigate the caring experience of carers for patients with an advanced progressive illness (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], heart failure, cancer, or motor neuron diseases [MND]), who suffer from breathlessness. Methods A purposive sample of 15 carers was selected. They were recruited via the patients they cared for (who suffered from COPD, cancer, MND, or heart failure) from the hospital and the community. Data were collected through semistructured, in-depth interviews. All were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The analysis used a Grounded Theory approach and NVivo software facilitated the management and analysis of the data. Results Several key issues affected caring in a positive or a negative way. The threats to caring were uncertainty, carers' own health problems, an imploded world, negative reactions from outside, person loss, and acute exacerbations. Resources that carers drew on were acceptance, self-care, availability of support, feeling that caring is a shared responsibility with the patient, and "getting on with" caring in case of emergencies. Breathlessness was particularly challenging, and carers did not have any strategies to relieve the symptom. They were ill prepared for acute exacerbations. Significance of results Carers need to be included in opportunities for support provision in advanced illness. Negotiated involvement of a health professional could buffer the heavy responsibilities related to home care. They could provide problem-solving skills and build on the resources that carers draw on in response to what they experience as most threatening to their caring role.
120 citations
Additional excerpts
...Interpretation of the results was from a Grounded Theory perspective (Strauss & Corbin, 1990), which aims to discover hypotheses about a phenomenon by grounding them in data, especially in practical interactions and social process....
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TL;DR: This article investigated the effects of computer-assisted comprehension practice using a researcher-developed computer program, Computer-Assisted Collaborative Strategic Reading (CACSR), with students who had disabilities.
Abstract: This study investigated the effects of computer-assisted comprehension practice using a researcher-developed computer program, Computer-Assisted Collaborative Strategic Reading (CACSR), with students who had disabilities. Two reading/ language arts teachers and their 34 students with disabilities participated. Students in the intervention group received the CACSR intervention, which consisted of 50-min instructional sessions twice per week over 10 to 12 weeks. The results revealed a statistically significant difference between intervention and comparison groups' reading comprehension ability as measured by a researcher-developed, proximal measure (i.e., finding main ideas and question generation) and a distal, standardized measure (i.e., Woodcock Reading Mastery Test, Passage Comprehension). Effect sizes for all dependent measures favored the CACSR group. Furthermore, a majority of students expressed positive overall perspectives of the CACSR intervention and believed that their reading had improved.
120 citations
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30 Jul 2009
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conducted a study to understand farmers' soil and water conservation behavior in order to improve insights into the land management problems of the country, and found that farmers in these two areas responded differently to the introduced interventions.
Abstract: Soil erosion by water is an old problem in Ethiopia. The prevalence of mountainous and undulating landscapes, coupled with the expansion of arable farming on steep areas due to population pressure have aggravated the soil erosion problem in the country. Prompted by one of the great famines in the country in 1973, the international community and the Ethiopian government began to carry out massive conservation measures that covered extensive areas. Since then, the conservation movement has continued. Ethiopia's major research partner in soil and water conservation was the Swiss-financed Soil Conservation Research Project that operated from 1981 to 1998. In spite of this project, farmers' practices have not changed markedly nor have they adopted the introduced conservation practices. This study was initiated to understand farmers' soil and water conservation behaviour in order to improve insights into the land-management problems of the country. For this, farmers' knowledge and attitudes on soil erosion and soil and water conservation were assessed to find out what influenced their soil and water conservation practices. Where applicable, farmers' responses to interventions in soil and water conservation were examined. Finally, the determinants of soil and water conservation behaviours among farmers were identified. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used to gather and analyse data. The conceptual framework that guided this study was drawn from perspectives on land degradation and intensification, theories on planned change and development, farming systems, indigenous knowledge, and social learning, and from an attitude-behaviour model. Efforts were made to review empirical studies on determinants of soil and water conservation practices. This study was carried out in three areas, namely, Konso, Wolaita and Wello. The first site provided the case of an indigenous soil and water conservation system, whereas the other two sites were intervention cases in which an intensive soil and water conservation research and extension programme was carried out for nearly two decades. The indigenous system in Konso, into which soil and water conservation methods were integrated is exceptional in Ethiopia and has existed for at least four centuries. It was developed out of societal needs for survival in a rather fragile environment. This community developed institutions that provide labour, control population numbers and protect the stone terrace-based farming system. The strong soil and water conservation elements in this system emerged because of the harsh physical environment and were sustained by the institutions developed in the society. As evidence of the importance of local institutions for developing and maintaining soil and water conservation practices, this system has recently undergone some deterioration due to the abandonment of its population-control system and its local labour organisations, as well as due to climatic factors. The two intervention case studies, though they vary from one another, are markedly different from that of the indigenous system. Their physical resources were much more secure than those of the indigenous system. Therefore, physical conservation practices did not develop in these two sites on their own, but needed to be prompted from outside. One of these systems is characterised by the use of organic sources of fertiliser, whereas the other system mainly depends on long fallow periods and the establishment of staggered structures in the steeper fields. This study found that farmers in these two areas responded differently to the introduced interventions. In Wolaita, farmers refrained from maintaining the introduced bunds, and removed a considerable number that had been installed through a food-for-work programme; whereas in Wello, farmers first removed the stone bunds and later on replaced them with their own modification of the design, introducing innovative bund-management methods. These differences resulted because of variations in the existing physical factors and in the soil fertility management practices. In the former case, the soil is deep and yet organic fertiliser was used together with a supplement of inorganic fertilisers. In the latter case, in which shallow soils dominate, making the situation even worse when the conservation structures were removed, the use of organic fertiliser is limited to garden plots and inorganic fertiliser is not widely used. "Dis-adoption" in Wolaita took place because of negative side effects of the soil bunds, such as mole-rat and weed infestations, and hindrance to ox-ploughing. The underlying problem of the side effects is the fact that there is a shortage of land, which was exacerbated by the introduction of bunds. At the Wolaita site, the technology failed to outweigh the negative side effects perceived by the farmers. In addition, the research and extension systems also failed to be proactive to demonstrate the pros and cons of the alternate practices, other than to collect physical data. The case studies show that there is no lack of knowledge about soil erosion and soil and water conservation among farmers, nor do they have a problematic attitude to these issues. They are very much aware of the problems and solutions. However, farmers and outsiders differ in terms of their perceptions of soil erosion. Unlike outsiders, farmers look at the problem of erosion through its impact on soil fertility rather than through the actual physical process involved, which takes the soil away. This contrast was reflected in farmers? prioritisation of crop production problems in which they ranked soil erosion far lower than other physical problems. There was no strong evidence found, of negative effects of state ownership of land in the case study areas with the exception of the non-arable communal lands (grazing, hillsides). The past food-for-work incentive, which allowed for the establishment of conservation structures in the intervention areas, was not found to be a shortcoming in itself. The provision of food was an appropriate method of payment for people who could not produce their own. It can be noted that food produced by these people supports them for only 5-7 months. However, a problem emerged because of a lack of understanding of farmers? behaviour regarding soil and water conservation that was aggravated by the absence of a learning process that should complement a technical intervention. In view of this, it is suggested to improve extension agents? training to help them understand farmers? practices. The study found out that farmers? behaviour regarding soil and water conservation is a result of the interplay among social, economic, institutional and technical factors. More specifically, the determinants of soil and water conservation in this study are: physical factors (topography, soils and rainfall), local institutions, labour organisation, land size, family size, livestock ownership, risk perception, food availability, land tenure on non-arable lands and characteristics of technology (e.g., relative advantages, compatibility, etc.). The improvement of Ethiopia's land-management practices requires the promotion of farmer participation, diversification production and income, intensification of production systems, improvement in the training of extension agents, integration of learning processes into conservation incentives and the implementation of a land-tenure system that reflects diversity in the country and that links management and utilisation of natural resources in communal holdings. Finally, the study underlines the need to carry out location-specific research studies on land management using a holistic approach. Wageningen Dissertation Abstracts
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TL;DR: (PDF) Thematic Analysis in Qualitative research | Anindita (PDF) Qualitative Research ProcessBasics of QualitativeResearch | SAGE Publications IncQualitative Research Method Summary JMEST
Abstract: (PDF) Thematic Analysis in Qualitative Research | Anindita (PDF) Qualitative Research ProcessBasics of Qualitative Research | SAGE Publications IncQualitative Research Method Summary JMESTMarket Research: Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research Research Design: Definition, Characteristics and Types Research Methodologies: Quantitative, Qualitative & Mixed Trustworthiness | Educational Research Basics by Del SiegleUser Research Basics | Usability.govQualitative Research – Research Methods in Psychology 10.2 Sampling in qualitative research – Scientific Inquiry What are the Different Types of Research Techniques?What is dependability in qualitative research and how do Qualitative Research Part II: Participants, Analysis, and Qualitative Research Paradigm | Educational Research Qualitative research Wikipedia12+ Qualitative Research Examples in PDF | DOC | Examples(PDF) A Brief Introduction to Qualitative ResearchSampling in Qualitative ResearchMarket research methods | Business QueenslandSampling Techniques and Procedures Designing Surveys for [PDF] Basics of Qualitative Research (3rd ed.): Techniques Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures 6 Types of Qualitative Research Methods: A Quick GuideSuccessful Qualitative Research | SAGE Publications LtdEvaluation of qualitative research studies | Evidence Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research Methodology & Design
16,622 citations
TL;DR: The use of reliability and validity are common in quantitative research and now it is reconsidered in the qualitative research paradigm as discussed by the authors, which can also illuminate some ways to test or maximize the validity and reliability of a qualitative study.
Abstract: The use of reliability and validity are common in quantitative research and now it is reconsidered in the qualitative research paradigm. Since reliability and validity are rooted in positivist perspective then they should be redefined for their use in a naturalistic approach. Like reliability and validity as used in quantitative research are providing springboard to examine what these two terms mean in the qualitative research paradigm, triangulation as used in quantitative research to test the reliability and validity can also illuminate some ways to test or maximize the validity and reliability of a qualitative study. Therefore, reliability, validity and triangulation, if they are relevant research concepts, particularly from a qualitative point of view, have to be redefined in order to reflect the multiple ways of establishing truth. Key words: Reliability, Validity, Triangulation, Construct, Qualitative, and Quantitative This article discusses the use of reliability and validity in the qualitative research paradigm. First, the meanings of quantitative and qualitative research are discussed. Secondly, reliability and validity as used in quantitative research are discussed as a way of providing a springboard to examining what these two terms mean and how they can be tested in the qualitative research paradigm. This paper concludes by drawing upon the use of triangulation in the two paradigms (quantitative and qualitative) to show how the changes have influenced our understanding of reliability, validity and triangulation in qualitative studies.
6,438 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a variety of techniques for theme discovery in qualitative research, ranging from quick word counts to laborious, in-depth, line-by-line scrutiny.
Abstract: Theme identification is one of the most fundamental tasks in qualitative research. It also is one of the most mysterious. Explicit descriptions of theme discovery are rarely found in articles and reports, and when they are, they are often relegated to appendices or footnotes. Techniques are shared among small groups of social scientists, but sharing is impeded by disciplinary or epistemological boundaries. The techniques described here are drawn from across epistemological and disciplinary boundaries. They include both observational and manipulative techniques and range from quick word counts to laborious, in-depth, line-by-line scrutiny. Techniques are compared on six dimensions: (1) appropriateness for data types, (2) required labor, (3) required expertise, (4) stage of analysis, (5) number and types of themes to be generated, and (6) issues of reliability and validity.
4,921 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of case study research in operations management for theory development and testing is reviewed and guidelines and a roadmap for operations management researchers wishing to design, develop and conduct case-based research are provided.
Abstract: This paper reviews the use of case study research in operations management for theory development and testing. It draws on the literature on case research in a number of disciplines and uses examples drawn from operations management research. It provides guidelines and a roadmap for operations management researchers wishing to design, develop and conduct case‐based research.
4,127 citations
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: In fact, most of the archaeologically recoverable information about human thought and human behavior is text, the good stuff of social science as mentioned in this paper, which is what we use in this paper.
Abstract: This chapter is about methods for managing and analyzing qualitative data. By qualitative data the authors mean text: newspapers, movies, sitcoms, e-mail traffic, folktales, life histories. They also mean narratives--narratives about getting divorced, about being sick, about surviving hand-to-hand combat, about selling sex, about trying to quit smoking. In fact, most of the archaeologically recoverable information about human thought and human behavior is text, the good stuff of social science.
3,671 citations