Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques
TL;DR: Reading a book as this basics of qualitative research grounded theory procedures and techniques and other references can enrich your life quality.
About: This article is published in Journal of Pediatric Nursing.The article was published on 1994-06-01 and is currently open access. It has received 13415 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Grounded theory & Qualitative research.
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TL;DR: This article conducted a qualitative study of 6 Mexican American female school leaders in west Texas and found that significant role models and mentors, primarily from nonprofessional areas of the women's lives, mitigated the absence of a formal, traditional mentoring relationship.
Abstract: This article reports on the mentoring aspects of a qualitative study of 6 Mexican American female school leaders in west Texas. One goal of the study was the identification of any individuals who had been role models or mentors important to the careers of these women. A role model was defined as someone whose characteristics or traits another person would want to emulate; a mentor was defined as someone who actively helps, supports, or teaches someone else how to do a job so that she will succeed. The findings indicate that for the Latina educational leaders in the study, significant role models and mentors, primarily from nonprofessional areas of the women’s lives, mitigated the absence of a formal, traditional mentoring relationship. Moreover, the experiences of these school leaders demonstrate that these Latinas assembled or constructed a mentor from varied sources that collectively met their specific needs and priorities.
116 citations
Cites background or methods from "Basics of qualitative research: Gro..."
...Open coding techniques (Strauss & Corbin, 1990) for analyzing the data from the individual interviews were used....
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...“Open coding is the part of analysis that pertains specifically to naming and categorizing of phenomena through close examination of data” (Strauss & Corbin, 1990, p. 62)....
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TL;DR: A third-degree tear causes a significant emotional and psychological impact on women's physical and emotional well-being and the provision of a dedicated, multidisciplinary team involved at an early stage to coordinate the repair and follow-up is recommended.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Little qualitative data are available that address the experiences of women who sustain a third-degree obstetric anal sphincter tear during childbirth. The objective of this study was to explore the views and experiences of women in the postpartum period after sustaining a third-degree obstetric anal sphincter tear. METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted using focus groups in a large maternity hospital in the United Kingdom. Two focus groups used a purposive sample of women who had suffered a third-degree tear. One group (n = 6) had a tear in the index pregnancy and the second group (n = 4) had a subsequent pregnancy after the tear. RESULTS: The main themes identified included apprehension about consequences of the injury in terms of continence; body image and sexual functioning; anxiety about and lack of involvement in planning for future pregnancies; poor information exchange and communication (including both content and timing of discussions); poor emotional support from professionals and family members; physical and emotional impact; and unresolved anxieties in partners. Similarities occurred across both groups. CONCLUSIONS: A third-degree tear causes a significant emotional and psychological impact on women's physical and emotional well-being. We recommend that all staff receive adequate training to deal with the issues that may be raised. The provision of a dedicated, multidisciplinary team involved at an early stage to coordinate the repair and follow-up is recommended to allow a sensitive, consistent, evidence-based approach, particularly in terms of decision-making for subsequent births. The experiences and needs of partners require further study.
116 citations
Cites methods from "Basics of qualitative research: Gro..."
...Analysis was undertaken using an open coding mechanism to identify emergent themes, in a process similar to grounded theory analysis (16)....
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TL;DR: This paper studied the adaptation of a specialized quality management practice in a multinational corporation in the aerospace industry and identified three strategies through which an organization balances the tension between standardization and variation -preserving the core management practice while allowing local adaptation at the subsidiary level.
Abstract: Research has shown that management practices are adapted and ‘made to fit’ the specific context into which they are adopted. Less attention has been paid to how organizations anticipate and purposefully influence the adaptation process. How do organizations manage the tension between allowing local adaptation of a management practice and retaining control over the practice? By studying the adaptation of a specialized quality management practice – ACE (Achieving Competitive Excellence) – in a multinational corporation in the aerospace industry, we examine how the organization manages the adaptation process at the corporate and subsidiary levels. We identified three strategies through which an organization balances the tension between standardization and variation – preserving the ‘core’ practice while allowing local adaptation at the subsidiary level: creating and certifying progressive achievement levels; setting discretionary and mandatory adaptation parameters; and differentially adapting to context-specific and systemic misfits. While previous studies have shown how and why practices vary as they diffuse, we show how practices may diffuse because they are engineered to vary for allowing a better fit with diverse contextual specificities.
116 citations
Cites methods from "Basics of qualitative research: Gro..."
...As is typical with interpretive research, we cycled iteratively between data and concepts (Locke, 2011; Strauss & Corbin, 1990)....
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TL;DR: The expert nurses demonstrated the ability and willingness to actively protect and advocate for their vulnerable patients even in situations in which the nurses' actions did not influence the outcomes.
Abstract: • BACKGROUND Prolonging the living-dying process with inappropriate treatment is a profoundly disturbing ethical issue for nurses in many practice areas, including the intensive care unit. Despite the frequent occurrence of such distressing events, research suggests that critical care nurses assume a limited role in end-of-life decision making and care planning. • OBJECTIVES To explore the practice of expert critical care nurses in end-of-life conflicts and to describe actions taken when the nurses thought continued aggressive medical interventions were not warranted. • METHODS A qualitative design was used with narrative analysis of interview data that had a temporal ordering of events. Interviews were conducted with 21 critical care nurses from 7 facilities in the southwestern United States who were nominated as experts by their colleagues. • RESULTS Three recurrent narrative plots were derived: protecting or speaking for the patient, presenting a realistic picture, and experiencing frustration and resignation. Narratives of protecting or speaking for the patient concerned preventing further technological intrusion and thus permitting a dignified death. Presenting a realistic picture involved helping patients’ family members reframe the members’ sense of the potential for recovery. Inability to affect a patient’s situation was expressed in narratives of frustration and resignation. • CONCLUSIONS The transition from curative to end-of-life care in the intensive care unit is often fraught with ambiguity and anguish. The expert nurses demonstrated the ability and willingness to actively protect and advocate for their vulnerable patients even in situations in which the nurses’ actions did not influence the outcomes. (American Journal of Critical Care. 2006;15:480-491)
116 citations
Cites background or result from "Basics of qualitative research: Gro..."
...Studies Utilizing Moral Development Theory as a Framework Research studies using moral development theory as a framework generally endeavored to correlate ethical choice with levels of moral reasoning as measured by instruments derived from Kohlberg’s (1981; 1984) justice-based model....
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...Studies Utilizing Role Conception Theory as a Framework In several research studies designed to explore the nurse’s role in ethical decision-making, the theme of powerlessness resonates throughout the informants’ narratives and responses....
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...3 Research Questions…………………………………………………………...12 Sensitizing Framework………………………………………………………...12 Cognitive Elements………………………………………………………… 13 Intrinsic Elements…………………………………………………………... 16 Moral Elements……………………………………………………………... 18 Summary…………………………………………………………………… 21 Definitions……………………………………………………………………... 21 Assumptions…………………………………………………………………… 22 Limitations……………………………………………………………………… 23 Summary………………………………………………………………………....
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...The investigators replicated the study with two additional samples, undergraduate, (n=115) and graduate (n=68) students and intensive care nurses (n=86) and found similar results. Shelly et al. (1987) concluded that more clearly delineated cardiopulmonary resuscitation policies that address provision of comfort care are required....
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...215 Research…………………………………………………………………... 217 Summary…………………………………………………………………... 219 APPENDICES………………………………………………………………...220 Appendix A: Studies Exploring Expertise in Nursing Practice…………...221 Studies Using Information Processing Theory as a Framework……...221 Studies Using an Intuitive/Qualitative Framework…………………….. 234 Studies Exploring the Ethical Practice of the Expert Nurse………….. 242 Appendix B: Letter to Consortium………………………………………….. 244 Appendix C: Cover Letter…………………………………………………… 246 Appendix D: Demographic Data Form:……………………………………....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a comparative analysis of intellectual capital trajectories in Norway and Spain, and find that a dominant accounting perspective can lead to an excessive focus on measurement issues and little attention to management processes.
Abstract: The implementation of the intellectual capital (IC) concept at firm level introduces a new vocabulary to the existing language set. Firms are attempting to make sense of the concept and, in the process, operationalize it in terms of specific management tools. This paper provides a comparative analysis of intellectual capital trajectories in Norway and Spain. Although the implementation designs are different (selected small and medium-sized enterprises and sector in Norway and more non-selected in Spain), the paper finds that a dominant accounting perspective can lead to an excessive focus on measurement issues and little attention to management processes. Alternatively, introducing IC with a broader and less defined focus might help newcomers to experiment with the concept in a more open-minded way. In non-experienced firms the entrance point matters, as it defines the meaning for new words and concepts such as intellectual capital or intangibles.
116 citations
Cites methods from "Basics of qualitative research: Gro..."
...A grounded theory (Straus and Corbin, 1990) approach was used to generate a set of insights that were subsequently grown through an iterative process of reflection and action....
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References
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TL;DR: (PDF) Thematic Analysis in Qualitative research | Anindita (PDF) Qualitative Research ProcessBasics of QualitativeResearch | SAGE Publications IncQualitative Research Method Summary JMEST
Abstract: (PDF) Thematic Analysis in Qualitative Research | Anindita (PDF) Qualitative Research ProcessBasics of Qualitative Research | SAGE Publications IncQualitative Research Method Summary JMESTMarket Research: Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research Research Design: Definition, Characteristics and Types Research Methodologies: Quantitative, Qualitative & Mixed Trustworthiness | Educational Research Basics by Del SiegleUser Research Basics | Usability.govQualitative Research – Research Methods in Psychology 10.2 Sampling in qualitative research – Scientific Inquiry What are the Different Types of Research Techniques?What is dependability in qualitative research and how do Qualitative Research Part II: Participants, Analysis, and Qualitative Research Paradigm | Educational Research Qualitative research Wikipedia12+ Qualitative Research Examples in PDF | DOC | Examples(PDF) A Brief Introduction to Qualitative ResearchSampling in Qualitative ResearchMarket research methods | Business QueenslandSampling Techniques and Procedures Designing Surveys for [PDF] Basics of Qualitative Research (3rd ed.): Techniques Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures 6 Types of Qualitative Research Methods: A Quick GuideSuccessful Qualitative Research | SAGE Publications LtdEvaluation of qualitative research studies | Evidence Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research Methodology & Design
16,622 citations
TL;DR: The use of reliability and validity are common in quantitative research and now it is reconsidered in the qualitative research paradigm as discussed by the authors, which can also illuminate some ways to test or maximize the validity and reliability of a qualitative study.
Abstract: The use of reliability and validity are common in quantitative research and now it is reconsidered in the qualitative research paradigm. Since reliability and validity are rooted in positivist perspective then they should be redefined for their use in a naturalistic approach. Like reliability and validity as used in quantitative research are providing springboard to examine what these two terms mean in the qualitative research paradigm, triangulation as used in quantitative research to test the reliability and validity can also illuminate some ways to test or maximize the validity and reliability of a qualitative study. Therefore, reliability, validity and triangulation, if they are relevant research concepts, particularly from a qualitative point of view, have to be redefined in order to reflect the multiple ways of establishing truth. Key words: Reliability, Validity, Triangulation, Construct, Qualitative, and Quantitative This article discusses the use of reliability and validity in the qualitative research paradigm. First, the meanings of quantitative and qualitative research are discussed. Secondly, reliability and validity as used in quantitative research are discussed as a way of providing a springboard to examining what these two terms mean and how they can be tested in the qualitative research paradigm. This paper concludes by drawing upon the use of triangulation in the two paradigms (quantitative and qualitative) to show how the changes have influenced our understanding of reliability, validity and triangulation in qualitative studies.
6,438 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a variety of techniques for theme discovery in qualitative research, ranging from quick word counts to laborious, in-depth, line-by-line scrutiny.
Abstract: Theme identification is one of the most fundamental tasks in qualitative research. It also is one of the most mysterious. Explicit descriptions of theme discovery are rarely found in articles and reports, and when they are, they are often relegated to appendices or footnotes. Techniques are shared among small groups of social scientists, but sharing is impeded by disciplinary or epistemological boundaries. The techniques described here are drawn from across epistemological and disciplinary boundaries. They include both observational and manipulative techniques and range from quick word counts to laborious, in-depth, line-by-line scrutiny. Techniques are compared on six dimensions: (1) appropriateness for data types, (2) required labor, (3) required expertise, (4) stage of analysis, (5) number and types of themes to be generated, and (6) issues of reliability and validity.
4,921 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of case study research in operations management for theory development and testing is reviewed and guidelines and a roadmap for operations management researchers wishing to design, develop and conduct case-based research are provided.
Abstract: This paper reviews the use of case study research in operations management for theory development and testing. It draws on the literature on case research in a number of disciplines and uses examples drawn from operations management research. It provides guidelines and a roadmap for operations management researchers wishing to design, develop and conduct case‐based research.
4,127 citations
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: In fact, most of the archaeologically recoverable information about human thought and human behavior is text, the good stuff of social science as mentioned in this paper, which is what we use in this paper.
Abstract: This chapter is about methods for managing and analyzing qualitative data. By qualitative data the authors mean text: newspapers, movies, sitcoms, e-mail traffic, folktales, life histories. They also mean narratives--narratives about getting divorced, about being sick, about surviving hand-to-hand combat, about selling sex, about trying to quit smoking. In fact, most of the archaeologically recoverable information about human thought and human behavior is text, the good stuff of social science.
3,671 citations