Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques
TL;DR: Reading a book as this basics of qualitative research grounded theory procedures and techniques and other references can enrich your life quality.
About: This article is published in Journal of Pediatric Nursing.The article was published on 1994-06-01 and is currently open access. It has received 13415 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Grounded theory & Qualitative research.
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TL;DR: The work described here was partly funded by the European Commission's FP6 contract 036992 as mentioned in this paper, which was used for the evaluation of the performance of the FP6 project.
Abstract: The work described here was partly funded by the European Commission’s FP6 contract 036992.
103 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a grounded analysis of historical and ethnographic data, the authors argue that spontaneous actions are triggered by certain conditions: non-hierarchical organization, uncertain/ambiguous moments and events, behavioral/emotional priming, and certain ecological/spatial factors.
Abstract: This article reexamines spontaneity as an important, albeit neglected, mechanism in collective action dynamics, and elaborates on its operation and effects in protest events and social movements. We do not presume that spontaneity is routinely at play in all collective actions. Rather, based on our grounded analysis of historical and ethnographic data, we contend that spontaneity is triggered by certain conditions: nonhierarchical organization; uncertain/ambiguous moments and events; behavioral/emotional priming; and certain ecological/spatial factors. We conclude by elaborating why the activation of spontaneous actions matters in shaping the course and character of protest events and movements, and we suggest that spontaneity be resuscitated in the study of collective action and everyday life more generally.
103 citations
TL;DR: These studies aimed to develop draft PROMs to measure rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fatigue and its impact by collaborating with patients to identify language and experiences, create draftPROM items, and test them for comprehension.
Abstract: Objective
Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) need to include concepts and language relevant to patients and be easily understood. These studies aimed to develop draft PROMs to measure rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fatigue and its impact by collaborating with patients to identify language and experiences, create draft PROM items, and test them for comprehension, with decisions supported throughout by a patient research partner.
Methods
In study 1, interview transcripts of RA patients describing their fatigue (n = 15) were subjected to content and inductive thematic analysis to identify fatigue language and experiences. In study 2, 3 focus groups of RA patients (n = 17) explored these and developed the wording for visual analog scales (VAS) and identical numerical rating scales (NRS), then a draft multi-item questionnaire was developed with the patient research partner. Study 3 comprised 15 RA patients who completed the PROMs during cognitive interviewing to explore understanding.
Results
Studies 1 and 2 identified key patient terminology (fatigue, exhaustion) and 12 potential fatigue concepts (Cognition, Coping, Duration, Emotion, Energy, Frequency, Impact, Planning, Quality of Life, Relationships, Sleep, and Social Life). Patients' proposals were clarified into draft screening VAS/NRS for fatigue severity, effect, and coping, plus a draft 45-item questionnaire. Study 3 showed that 14 questions required clarification or revision of response options.
Conclusion
Collaboration with patients enabled development of draft RA fatigue PROMs grounded in the patient data, strengthening face and content validity and ensuring comprehension. The draft conceptual framework that emerged has resulted in draft PROMS ready for item reduction, and testing of construct and criterion validity and reliability.
103 citations
Cites methods from "Basics of qualitative research: Gro..."
...fatigue experience and inductive thematic analysis used to extract small units of meaning, which were given codes (labels) (32,33)....
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TL;DR: This article explored the emotional reactions of a rarely studied group of women who work closely with survivors of sexual violence: rape victim advocates, and found that they experienced anger and fear in response to both individual (e.g., a perpetrator's menacing glare) and environmental (i.e., community denial of a problem) cues.
Abstract: This research explores the emotional reactions of a rarely studied group of women who work closely with survivors of sexual violence: rape victim advocates. Women who assist rape victims in obtaining medical, criminal justice, and mental health services were interviewed about their experiences, and qualitative analysis was used to delineate the situational context of the advocates' emotional reactions. Results indicate that respondents experienced anger and fear in response to both individual (e.g., a perpetrator's menacing glare) and environmental (e.g., community denial of a problem) cues. Additionally, some experienced rape victim advocates perceived their emotional reactions to be an important part of their work with rape victims. These findings suggest that intense emotional reactions, previously conceptualized within a vicarious trauma framework, may at times serve as resources for women working with rape survivors.
103 citations
Cites methods from "Basics of qualitative research: Gro..."
...Following coding procedures described by Strauss and Corbin (1990), open coding was used to reduce each transcript into smaller sections of labeled text....
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TL;DR: This paper begins with a taxonomy of current computer assisted data collection methods, then reviews conceptual and theoretical arguments and empirical evidence on such topics as: respondents and interviewer acceptance of new techniques, and effect of computer assisted interviewing on data quality.
Abstract: Whether computer assisted data collection methods should be used for survey data collection is no longer an issue. Most professional research organizations, commercial, government and academic, are adopting these new methods with enthusiasm. Computer assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) is most prevalent, and computer assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) is rapidly gaining in popularity. Also, new forms of electronic reporting of data using computers, telephones and voice recognition technology are emerging. This paper begins with a taxonomy of current computer assisted data collection methods. It then reviews conceptual and theoretical arguments and empirical evidence on such topics as: (1) respondents and interviewer acceptance of new techniques, (2) effect of computer assisted interviewing on data quality, (3) consequences for survey costs and (4) centralized vs. decentralized deployment of CATI.
103 citations
Cites background from "Basics of qualitative research: Gro..."
...(Works we took as being associated with grounded theory were: Glaser and Strauss, 1967; Glaser, 1978; Strauss, 1987; Strauss and Corbin, 1990.)...
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References
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TL;DR: (PDF) Thematic Analysis in Qualitative research | Anindita (PDF) Qualitative Research ProcessBasics of QualitativeResearch | SAGE Publications IncQualitative Research Method Summary JMEST
Abstract: (PDF) Thematic Analysis in Qualitative Research | Anindita (PDF) Qualitative Research ProcessBasics of Qualitative Research | SAGE Publications IncQualitative Research Method Summary JMESTMarket Research: Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research Research Design: Definition, Characteristics and Types Research Methodologies: Quantitative, Qualitative & Mixed Trustworthiness | Educational Research Basics by Del SiegleUser Research Basics | Usability.govQualitative Research – Research Methods in Psychology 10.2 Sampling in qualitative research – Scientific Inquiry What are the Different Types of Research Techniques?What is dependability in qualitative research and how do Qualitative Research Part II: Participants, Analysis, and Qualitative Research Paradigm | Educational Research Qualitative research Wikipedia12+ Qualitative Research Examples in PDF | DOC | Examples(PDF) A Brief Introduction to Qualitative ResearchSampling in Qualitative ResearchMarket research methods | Business QueenslandSampling Techniques and Procedures Designing Surveys for [PDF] Basics of Qualitative Research (3rd ed.): Techniques Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures 6 Types of Qualitative Research Methods: A Quick GuideSuccessful Qualitative Research | SAGE Publications LtdEvaluation of qualitative research studies | Evidence Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research Methodology & Design
16,622 citations
TL;DR: The use of reliability and validity are common in quantitative research and now it is reconsidered in the qualitative research paradigm as discussed by the authors, which can also illuminate some ways to test or maximize the validity and reliability of a qualitative study.
Abstract: The use of reliability and validity are common in quantitative research and now it is reconsidered in the qualitative research paradigm. Since reliability and validity are rooted in positivist perspective then they should be redefined for their use in a naturalistic approach. Like reliability and validity as used in quantitative research are providing springboard to examine what these two terms mean in the qualitative research paradigm, triangulation as used in quantitative research to test the reliability and validity can also illuminate some ways to test or maximize the validity and reliability of a qualitative study. Therefore, reliability, validity and triangulation, if they are relevant research concepts, particularly from a qualitative point of view, have to be redefined in order to reflect the multiple ways of establishing truth. Key words: Reliability, Validity, Triangulation, Construct, Qualitative, and Quantitative This article discusses the use of reliability and validity in the qualitative research paradigm. First, the meanings of quantitative and qualitative research are discussed. Secondly, reliability and validity as used in quantitative research are discussed as a way of providing a springboard to examining what these two terms mean and how they can be tested in the qualitative research paradigm. This paper concludes by drawing upon the use of triangulation in the two paradigms (quantitative and qualitative) to show how the changes have influenced our understanding of reliability, validity and triangulation in qualitative studies.
6,438 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a variety of techniques for theme discovery in qualitative research, ranging from quick word counts to laborious, in-depth, line-by-line scrutiny.
Abstract: Theme identification is one of the most fundamental tasks in qualitative research. It also is one of the most mysterious. Explicit descriptions of theme discovery are rarely found in articles and reports, and when they are, they are often relegated to appendices or footnotes. Techniques are shared among small groups of social scientists, but sharing is impeded by disciplinary or epistemological boundaries. The techniques described here are drawn from across epistemological and disciplinary boundaries. They include both observational and manipulative techniques and range from quick word counts to laborious, in-depth, line-by-line scrutiny. Techniques are compared on six dimensions: (1) appropriateness for data types, (2) required labor, (3) required expertise, (4) stage of analysis, (5) number and types of themes to be generated, and (6) issues of reliability and validity.
4,921 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of case study research in operations management for theory development and testing is reviewed and guidelines and a roadmap for operations management researchers wishing to design, develop and conduct case-based research are provided.
Abstract: This paper reviews the use of case study research in operations management for theory development and testing. It draws on the literature on case research in a number of disciplines and uses examples drawn from operations management research. It provides guidelines and a roadmap for operations management researchers wishing to design, develop and conduct case‐based research.
4,127 citations
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: In fact, most of the archaeologically recoverable information about human thought and human behavior is text, the good stuff of social science as mentioned in this paper, which is what we use in this paper.
Abstract: This chapter is about methods for managing and analyzing qualitative data. By qualitative data the authors mean text: newspapers, movies, sitcoms, e-mail traffic, folktales, life histories. They also mean narratives--narratives about getting divorced, about being sick, about surviving hand-to-hand combat, about selling sex, about trying to quit smoking. In fact, most of the archaeologically recoverable information about human thought and human behavior is text, the good stuff of social science.
3,671 citations