Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques
TL;DR: Reading a book as this basics of qualitative research grounded theory procedures and techniques and other references can enrich your life quality.
About: This article is published in Journal of Pediatric Nursing.The article was published on 1994-06-01 and is currently open access. It has received 13415 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Grounded theory & Qualitative research.
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TL;DR: Though individually focused interventions have demonstrated some success, medical students self-report stressors that may be better addressed through system-level changes.
Abstract: Background: Medical student exposure to stressors is associated with depression, burnout, somatic distress, decreases in empathy, serious thoughts about dropping out of medical school, suicidal ide...
225 citations
Cites methods from "Basics of qualitative research: Gro..."
...Qualitative data were analyzed using the Grounded Theory method [25] of data analysis....
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TL;DR: Qualitative analyses indicate ways that victimization relates directly to women's crimes as well as influences health, psychosocial functioning, or systemic involvement to create difficult situations with which the women struggle.
Abstract: This study examines ways in which victimization may contribute to criminal involvement among incarcerated women. The authors conduct interviews with 60 women in a maximum-security prison to gather each woman's perspective on psychological, physical, and sexual victimization in her life. Qualitative analyses indicate ways that victimization relates directly to women's crimes as well as influences health, psychosocial functioning, or systemic involvement to create difficult situations with which the women struggle. Case histories are used to illustrate pervasive impacts of victimization, and the roles of multiple traumas and cumulative impact are discussed.
225 citations
TL;DR: To investigate the factors that influenced fluid intake among nursing home residents who were not eating well, a large number of them were found to be diet-related.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the factors that influenced fluid intake among nursing home residents who were not eating well.
DESIGN: A prospective, descriptive, anthropological study.
SETTING: Two proprietary nursing homes with 105 and 138 beds, respectively.
PARTICIPANTS: Forty nursing home residents.
MEASUREMENTS: Participant observation, event analysis, bedside dysphagia screening, mental and functional status evaluation, assessment of level of family/advocate involvement, and chart review were used to collect data. Data were gathered on the amount of liquid served and consumed over a 3- day period. Daily fluid intake was compared with three established standards: Standard 1 (30 mL/kg body weight), Standard 2 (1 mL/kcal/energy consumed), and Standard 3 (100 mL/kg for the first 10 kg, 50 mL/kg for the next 10 kg, 15 mL/kg for the remaining kg).
RESULTS: The residents' mean fluid intake was inadequate; 39 of the 40 residents consumed less than 1500 mL/day. Using three established standards, we found that the fluid intake was inadequate for nearly all of the residents. The amount of fluid consumed with and between meals was low. Some residents took no fluids for extended periods of time, which resulted in their fluid intake being erratic and inadequate even when it was resumed. Clinical (undiagnosed dysphagia, cognitive and functional impairment, lack of pain management), sociocultural (lack of social support, inability to speak English, and lack of attention to individual beverage preferences), and institutional factors (an inadequate number of knowledgeable staff and lack of supervision of certified nursing assistants by professional staff) contributed to low fluid intake. During the data collection, 25 of the 40 residents had illnesses/conditions that may have been related to dehydration.
CONCLUSIONS: When staffing is inadequate and supervision is poor, residents with moderate to severe dysphagia, severe cognitive and functional impairment, aphasia or inability to speak English, and a lack of family or friends to assist them at mealtime are at great risk for dehydration. Adequate fluid intake can be achieved by simple interventions such as offering residents preferred liquids systematically and by having an adequate number of supervised staff help them to drink while properly positioned.
225 citations
TL;DR: This article argues that qualitative researchers are in danger of reifying methods in the same way as their colleagues in quantitative research have done for some time, and offers suggestions for avoiding methodolatry.
Abstract: The increasing turn to qualitative research in health psychology raises a number of issues about the appropriate use and relevance of qualitative methods in this field. In this article I raise concerns about methodolatry: the privileging of methodological concerns over other considerations in qualitative health research. I argue that qualitative researchers are in danger of reifying methods in the same way as their colleagues in quantitative research have done for some time. Reasons for the pre-eminence of methods are discussed briefly and their consequences considered. The latter include: a concern with 'proper' or 'correct' methods; a focus on description at the expense of interpretation; a concern with issues of validity and generalizability; an avoidance of theory; an avoidance of the critical; and the stance of the researcher. I offer some suggestions for avoiding methodolatry and some opinions on how we might develop and use qualitative research more effectively in health psychology.
225 citations
Cites background from "Basics of qualitative research: Gro..."
...…was grounded theory for example, we find that there are debates within the field as to what is ‘proper’ grounded theory: the founders of grounded theory have fallen out, and there appear to be at least two versions: Strauss’s version (Strauss & Corbin, 1990) and Glaser’s version (Glaser, 1992)....
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TL;DR: The authors argue que Strassellus hizo tan poco para llevar las ideas pragmaticas al metodo de teoria fundamentada en sus incorporaciones posteriores y amplias afirmaciones.
Abstract: Las historias de Sir Arthur CONAN DOYLE acerca de Sherlock Holmes son realmente famosas alrededor del mundo. En Las memorias de Sherlock Holmes (1993), en una historia titulada Resplandor de plata, se encuentra un intercambio entre Holmes y un detective de Scotland Yard:
Gregorio (detective de Scotland Yard): "?Hay otro punto sobre el cual desearia usted llamar mi atencion?"
Holmes: "El incidente curioso del perro al anochecer."
Gregory: "El perro no hizo nada al anochecer."
Holmes: "Ese fue el incidente curioso."
En forma similar deseo llamar la atencion sobre el curioso caso de Anselm STRAUSS: Actualmente hay una buena cantidad de trabajo que destaca las continuidades entre el metodo de teoria fundamentada (MTF) y el pragmatismo de John DEWEY y Charles PEIRCE. Lo que ha sido frecuentemente enfocado es Anselm STRAUSS y su educacion en Chicago influenciada por el pragmatismo, aunque STRAUSS mismo nunca articulo la manera en la cual el pragmatismo influyo o pudo influir en el metodo, tal cual se desarrollo desde la decada de los 1960s a nuestros dias.
Este articulo argumenta que gran parte de los temas en debate alrededor del MTF se pueden resolver si se entienden en el contexto de algunos de los principios centrales del pragmatismo, particularmente de aquellos sobre los que algunos pragmatistas contemporaneos como Richard RORTY han recuperado como foco de atencion. Al hacerlo asi, surge la pregunta de por que, dada su educacion y formacion intelectual, Anselm STRAUSS hizo tan poco para llevar las ideas pragmaticas al MTF en sus incorporaciones posteriores y amplias afirmaciones. Este es el "incidente curioso" sobre el que se llama la atencion en varios puntos en lo que sigue; permanece en la perplejidad, sin solucion convincente, en contraste con el misterio de Sherlock Holmes enunciado al principio.
URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs090325
225 citations
References
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TL;DR: (PDF) Thematic Analysis in Qualitative research | Anindita (PDF) Qualitative Research ProcessBasics of QualitativeResearch | SAGE Publications IncQualitative Research Method Summary JMEST
Abstract: (PDF) Thematic Analysis in Qualitative Research | Anindita (PDF) Qualitative Research ProcessBasics of Qualitative Research | SAGE Publications IncQualitative Research Method Summary JMESTMarket Research: Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research Research Design: Definition, Characteristics and Types Research Methodologies: Quantitative, Qualitative & Mixed Trustworthiness | Educational Research Basics by Del SiegleUser Research Basics | Usability.govQualitative Research – Research Methods in Psychology 10.2 Sampling in qualitative research – Scientific Inquiry What are the Different Types of Research Techniques?What is dependability in qualitative research and how do Qualitative Research Part II: Participants, Analysis, and Qualitative Research Paradigm | Educational Research Qualitative research Wikipedia12+ Qualitative Research Examples in PDF | DOC | Examples(PDF) A Brief Introduction to Qualitative ResearchSampling in Qualitative ResearchMarket research methods | Business QueenslandSampling Techniques and Procedures Designing Surveys for [PDF] Basics of Qualitative Research (3rd ed.): Techniques Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures 6 Types of Qualitative Research Methods: A Quick GuideSuccessful Qualitative Research | SAGE Publications LtdEvaluation of qualitative research studies | Evidence Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research Methodology & Design
16,622 citations
TL;DR: The use of reliability and validity are common in quantitative research and now it is reconsidered in the qualitative research paradigm as discussed by the authors, which can also illuminate some ways to test or maximize the validity and reliability of a qualitative study.
Abstract: The use of reliability and validity are common in quantitative research and now it is reconsidered in the qualitative research paradigm. Since reliability and validity are rooted in positivist perspective then they should be redefined for their use in a naturalistic approach. Like reliability and validity as used in quantitative research are providing springboard to examine what these two terms mean in the qualitative research paradigm, triangulation as used in quantitative research to test the reliability and validity can also illuminate some ways to test or maximize the validity and reliability of a qualitative study. Therefore, reliability, validity and triangulation, if they are relevant research concepts, particularly from a qualitative point of view, have to be redefined in order to reflect the multiple ways of establishing truth. Key words: Reliability, Validity, Triangulation, Construct, Qualitative, and Quantitative This article discusses the use of reliability and validity in the qualitative research paradigm. First, the meanings of quantitative and qualitative research are discussed. Secondly, reliability and validity as used in quantitative research are discussed as a way of providing a springboard to examining what these two terms mean and how they can be tested in the qualitative research paradigm. This paper concludes by drawing upon the use of triangulation in the two paradigms (quantitative and qualitative) to show how the changes have influenced our understanding of reliability, validity and triangulation in qualitative studies.
6,438 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a variety of techniques for theme discovery in qualitative research, ranging from quick word counts to laborious, in-depth, line-by-line scrutiny.
Abstract: Theme identification is one of the most fundamental tasks in qualitative research. It also is one of the most mysterious. Explicit descriptions of theme discovery are rarely found in articles and reports, and when they are, they are often relegated to appendices or footnotes. Techniques are shared among small groups of social scientists, but sharing is impeded by disciplinary or epistemological boundaries. The techniques described here are drawn from across epistemological and disciplinary boundaries. They include both observational and manipulative techniques and range from quick word counts to laborious, in-depth, line-by-line scrutiny. Techniques are compared on six dimensions: (1) appropriateness for data types, (2) required labor, (3) required expertise, (4) stage of analysis, (5) number and types of themes to be generated, and (6) issues of reliability and validity.
4,921 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of case study research in operations management for theory development and testing is reviewed and guidelines and a roadmap for operations management researchers wishing to design, develop and conduct case-based research are provided.
Abstract: This paper reviews the use of case study research in operations management for theory development and testing. It draws on the literature on case research in a number of disciplines and uses examples drawn from operations management research. It provides guidelines and a roadmap for operations management researchers wishing to design, develop and conduct case‐based research.
4,127 citations
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: In fact, most of the archaeologically recoverable information about human thought and human behavior is text, the good stuff of social science as mentioned in this paper, which is what we use in this paper.
Abstract: This chapter is about methods for managing and analyzing qualitative data. By qualitative data the authors mean text: newspapers, movies, sitcoms, e-mail traffic, folktales, life histories. They also mean narratives--narratives about getting divorced, about being sick, about surviving hand-to-hand combat, about selling sex, about trying to quit smoking. In fact, most of the archaeologically recoverable information about human thought and human behavior is text, the good stuff of social science.
3,671 citations