Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques
TL;DR: Reading a book as this basics of qualitative research grounded theory procedures and techniques and other references can enrich your life quality.
About: This article is published in Journal of Pediatric Nursing.The article was published on 1994-06-01 and is currently open access. It has received 13415 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Grounded theory & Qualitative research.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the level of teachers' organizational citizenship behaviors and counter-productive work behaviors based on public primary school administrators' and teachers' perceptions and the relationship between these two variables.
Abstract: Article History: Purpose: The present study aims to investigate the level of teachers' organizational citizenship behaviors and counter-productive work behaviors (CWBs) based on public primary school administrators’ and teachers' perceptions and the relationship between these two variables. Research Methods: This study was conducted in a correlational survey model. The sample of this study was formed in the 2018-2019 academic year, consisted of public primary school administrators and teachers who worked in nine different districts Received: 18 Jun., 2019 Received in revised form: 22 Sept. 2019 Accepted: 14 Oct. 2019 DOI: 10.14689/ejer.2019.84.1
187 citations
TL;DR: The purpose of this Guide is to provide medical educators with a basic understanding of how quantitative and qualitative methods contribute to the medical education evidence base through their different inquiry approaches and also how to select the most appropriate inquiry approach to answer their research questions.
Abstract: Medical educators need to understand and conduct medical education research in order to make informed decisions based on the best evidence, rather than rely on their own hunches. The purpose of this Guide is to provide medical educators, especially those who are new to medical education research, with a basic understanding of how quantitative and qualitative methods contribute to the medical education evidence base through their different inquiry approaches and also how to select the most appropriate inquiry approach to answer their research questions.
186 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors address issues of leadership in school reform with respect to the roles of the principal and the reform facilitator, a teacher who works full-time to support reform activities.
Abstract: This article addresses issues of leadership in school reform with respect to the roles of the principal and the reform facilitator, a teacher who works full-time to support reform activities. The Success for All reform model is used as a case in point because it, like many other reforms, views leadership as critical to reform success. Using qualitative data gathered in six Success for All schools, this article focuses on how principal leadership shaped and was shaped by the reform and on the successes and challenges faced by Success for All facilitators in occupying a position of teacher leadership. This article discusses the roles and relationships, tensions and ambiguities, and power dynamics that evolved among principals, facilitators, and teachers in the implementation of the reform. The findings of this study illuminate the challenges in reconnecting teaching and administration and reveal the importance of changing structures and cultures in this move.
186 citations
Cites methods from "Basics of qualitative research: Gro..."
...With these questions in mind, we coded interview transcripts according to the methods of Strauss and Corbin (1990), who argued that coding is the central process by which theories are built from data....
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...According to the case study methods of Yin (1989) and the grounded theory approach of Strauss and Corbin (1990), our data analysis proceeded following the theoretical propositions that led to the study....
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...Next, we engaged in axial coding (Strauss & Corbin, 1990) of this data, grouping the data into topical categories that emerged and that were more specific (e.g., principal’s role in bringing the reform to the school, role of facilitator with respect to implementation visits)....
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...These methods were suggested by Strauss and Corbin (1990) to prevent the researcher’s biases from blocking what is significant in the data and to keep an ongoing record of the analytic process....
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...We began with open coding (Strauss & Corbin, 1990), the process by which concepts are identified and developed through the asking of questions about the data and labeling and grouping similar events and incidents into categories....
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TL;DR: The authors empirically identify three embodied cultural models (relational, oppositional, and utilitarian) that consumers apply to goods or service failures, and discuss implications for service recovery research and services marketing practice.
Abstract: Service recovery research remains conflicted in its understanding of consumers' recovery expectations and of why similar goods or service failures may lead to different recovery expectations. The authors argue that this conflict results from the assumption that consumer recovery expectations are monolithic and largely homogeneous, driven mainly by behavioral, relational, or contextual stimuli. Instead, recovery scenarios involving high-involvement (i.e., self-relevant) goods and service failures may activate closely held, identity-related cultural models that, though ultimately applied to regain balance (a foundational schema), differ according to their sociocultural heritage and create a range of unique consumer recovery preferences. The authors empirically identify three embodied cultural models—relational, oppositional, and utilitarian—that consumers apply to goods or service failures. Furthermore, the authors discuss implications for service recovery research and services marketing practice a...
186 citations
TL;DR: The authors explored the possibility that state educational policies, involving accountability and instructional reform, and local district and school conditions interact with teachers' personal and professional backgrounds to shape two tracks of new teachers that reinforce existing educational inequities.
Abstract: This article explores the possibility that state educational policies, involving accountability and instructional reform, and local district and school conditions interact with teachers’ personal and professional backgrounds to shape two tracks of new teachers that reinforce existing educational inequities. The present 2-year study incorporated mixed methods and a multilevel design that included state policy, local conditions, and teachers’ beliefs and practices, highlighting two cases from a larger database. The authors report how differences in district capital shape responses to state policy, influence teacher recruitment, interact with teacher characteristics, and create learning opportunities for new teachers that suggest the creation of two classes of teachers for two classes of students. While previous researchers have identified student tracking as reproducing inequities, this article examines the largely unexplored terrain of new teacher tracking: the sorting and socialization of novices.
185 citations
Cites methods from "Basics of qualitative research: Gro..."
...This involved the use of constant comparative methods (Strauss & Corbin, 1990) in an iterative process designed to generate, revise, and regenerate categories and codes (Miles & Huberman, 1994)....
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References
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TL;DR: (PDF) Thematic Analysis in Qualitative research | Anindita (PDF) Qualitative Research ProcessBasics of QualitativeResearch | SAGE Publications IncQualitative Research Method Summary JMEST
Abstract: (PDF) Thematic Analysis in Qualitative Research | Anindita (PDF) Qualitative Research ProcessBasics of Qualitative Research | SAGE Publications IncQualitative Research Method Summary JMESTMarket Research: Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research Research Design: Definition, Characteristics and Types Research Methodologies: Quantitative, Qualitative & Mixed Trustworthiness | Educational Research Basics by Del SiegleUser Research Basics | Usability.govQualitative Research – Research Methods in Psychology 10.2 Sampling in qualitative research – Scientific Inquiry What are the Different Types of Research Techniques?What is dependability in qualitative research and how do Qualitative Research Part II: Participants, Analysis, and Qualitative Research Paradigm | Educational Research Qualitative research Wikipedia12+ Qualitative Research Examples in PDF | DOC | Examples(PDF) A Brief Introduction to Qualitative ResearchSampling in Qualitative ResearchMarket research methods | Business QueenslandSampling Techniques and Procedures Designing Surveys for [PDF] Basics of Qualitative Research (3rd ed.): Techniques Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures 6 Types of Qualitative Research Methods: A Quick GuideSuccessful Qualitative Research | SAGE Publications LtdEvaluation of qualitative research studies | Evidence Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research Methodology & Design
16,622 citations
TL;DR: The use of reliability and validity are common in quantitative research and now it is reconsidered in the qualitative research paradigm as discussed by the authors, which can also illuminate some ways to test or maximize the validity and reliability of a qualitative study.
Abstract: The use of reliability and validity are common in quantitative research and now it is reconsidered in the qualitative research paradigm. Since reliability and validity are rooted in positivist perspective then they should be redefined for their use in a naturalistic approach. Like reliability and validity as used in quantitative research are providing springboard to examine what these two terms mean in the qualitative research paradigm, triangulation as used in quantitative research to test the reliability and validity can also illuminate some ways to test or maximize the validity and reliability of a qualitative study. Therefore, reliability, validity and triangulation, if they are relevant research concepts, particularly from a qualitative point of view, have to be redefined in order to reflect the multiple ways of establishing truth. Key words: Reliability, Validity, Triangulation, Construct, Qualitative, and Quantitative This article discusses the use of reliability and validity in the qualitative research paradigm. First, the meanings of quantitative and qualitative research are discussed. Secondly, reliability and validity as used in quantitative research are discussed as a way of providing a springboard to examining what these two terms mean and how they can be tested in the qualitative research paradigm. This paper concludes by drawing upon the use of triangulation in the two paradigms (quantitative and qualitative) to show how the changes have influenced our understanding of reliability, validity and triangulation in qualitative studies.
6,438 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a variety of techniques for theme discovery in qualitative research, ranging from quick word counts to laborious, in-depth, line-by-line scrutiny.
Abstract: Theme identification is one of the most fundamental tasks in qualitative research. It also is one of the most mysterious. Explicit descriptions of theme discovery are rarely found in articles and reports, and when they are, they are often relegated to appendices or footnotes. Techniques are shared among small groups of social scientists, but sharing is impeded by disciplinary or epistemological boundaries. The techniques described here are drawn from across epistemological and disciplinary boundaries. They include both observational and manipulative techniques and range from quick word counts to laborious, in-depth, line-by-line scrutiny. Techniques are compared on six dimensions: (1) appropriateness for data types, (2) required labor, (3) required expertise, (4) stage of analysis, (5) number and types of themes to be generated, and (6) issues of reliability and validity.
4,921 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of case study research in operations management for theory development and testing is reviewed and guidelines and a roadmap for operations management researchers wishing to design, develop and conduct case-based research are provided.
Abstract: This paper reviews the use of case study research in operations management for theory development and testing. It draws on the literature on case research in a number of disciplines and uses examples drawn from operations management research. It provides guidelines and a roadmap for operations management researchers wishing to design, develop and conduct case‐based research.
4,127 citations
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: In fact, most of the archaeologically recoverable information about human thought and human behavior is text, the good stuff of social science as mentioned in this paper, which is what we use in this paper.
Abstract: This chapter is about methods for managing and analyzing qualitative data. By qualitative data the authors mean text: newspapers, movies, sitcoms, e-mail traffic, folktales, life histories. They also mean narratives--narratives about getting divorced, about being sick, about surviving hand-to-hand combat, about selling sex, about trying to quit smoking. In fact, most of the archaeologically recoverable information about human thought and human behavior is text, the good stuff of social science.
3,671 citations