Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques
TL;DR: Reading a book as this basics of qualitative research grounded theory procedures and techniques and other references can enrich your life quality.
About: This article is published in Journal of Pediatric Nursing.The article was published on 1994-06-01 and is currently open access. It has received 13415 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Grounded theory & Qualitative research.
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TL;DR: The most critical factor influencing the time between onset of symptoms and calling for professional medical help is that patients and others recognise their symptoms as cardiac in origin and therefore faster access to effective treatment.
Abstract: Objectives: To explore the circumstances and factors that explain variations in response to a cardiac event and to identify potentially modifiable factors. Design: Qualitative analysis of semistructured, face to face interviews with patients admitted to two district hospitals for a cardiac event and with other people present at the time of the event. Patients were divided into three groups according to the length of delay between onset of symptoms and calling for medical help. Subjects: 43 patients and 21 other people present at the time of the cardiac event. Patients were divided into three groups according to the length of time between onset of symptoms and seeking medical help: non-delayers ( 12 h; n=10). Main outcome measures: Decision making process, strategies for dealing with symptoms, and perception of risk and of heart attacks before the event according to delay in seeking help. Results: The illness and help seeking behaviour of informants had several components, including warning, interpretation, preliminary action, re-evaluation, and final action stages. The length of each stage was variable and depended on the extent to which informants mobilised and integrated resources into a strategy to bring their symptoms under control. There were obvious differences in informants9 knowledge of the symptoms that they associated with a heart attack before the event. Non-delayers described a wider range of symptoms before their heart attack and twice as many (13) considered themselves to be potentially at risk of a heart attack compared with the other two groups. For most informants the heart attack differed considerably from their concept of a heart attack. Conclusion: The most critical factor influencing the time between onset of symptoms and calling for professional medical help is that patients and others recognise their symptoms as cardiac in origin. This study suggests that various points of intervention in the decision making process could assist symptom recognition and therefore faster access to effective treatment. Key messages Research using methods that can explain variations in response to cardiac events has been neglected Informants in this study thought of heart attacks as sudden dramatic events in which people collapse and probably die, rather than as the evolving event that they experienced Those who sought medical help within 4 hours were more likely to see themselves as potentially at risk, knew a wider range of symptoms of a heart attack, and were much less likely to use drugs to treat their symptoms compared with those who waited longer Intervention at various points in the decision making process could help recognition of symptoms and speed access to effective treatment
181 citations
TL;DR: The findings show that the concept of professionalism is multidimensional and should be conceptualized as such.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to clarify which themes and elements constitute professionalism in medicine. Three consecutive steps were taken: (a) a systematic search of the literature to identify constituent elements of professionalism mentioned in definitions and descriptions of the concept; (b) analysis of these elements using the constant comparison technique to reveal possible themes covering these elements; and (c) validating the results using an expert panel. A total of 90 separate elements of professionalism were identified in the 57 articles included in our study. Three themes within professionalism were uncovered: (1) interpersonal professionalism; (2) public professionalism; and (3) intrapersonal professionalism. These themes were considered accurate by the expert panel which supports the validity of the results. Our findings show that the concept of professionalism is multidimensional and should be conceptualized as such.
180 citations
Cites methods from "Basics of qualitative research: Gro..."
...Qualitative methods are appropriate to uncover and understand what lies behind any phenomenon that is poorly understood (Strauss & Corbin, 1990)....
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TL;DR: The issue of counting is discussed: the process of assigning numbers to data that are in nonnumerical form, and the purposes that can be served by four different types of counting are identified.
Abstract: In this essay we discuss the issue of counting: the process of assigning numbers to data that are in nonnumerical form. We review why counting is a controversial issue in qualitative research, and explain how this controversy creates what we call the “multiple audience problem” for qualitative researchers. We then identify the purposes that can be served by four different types of counting, explore when counting should be avoided entirely, and discuss when the results of counting should be concealed, or as Sutton put it, kept in the closet.
180 citations
Cites background from "Basics of qualitative research: Gro..."
...Qualitative scholars have emphasized the importance of theoretical sensitivity (Strauss & Corbin, 1990), which is a personal quality of researchers that allows them to be aware of meanings in the data....
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TL;DR: A literature review shows a concentration on four key features: slowness and the value of time; locality and activities at the destination; mode of transport and travel experience; and environmental consciousness as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: This paper discusses the sociocultural phenomenon of slow travel and explores and clarifies definitional issues. The 30-year-plus antecedents of slow travel are examined. A literature review shows a concentration on four key features: slowness and the value of time; locality and activities at the destination; mode of transport and travel experience; and environmental consciousness. Links to the slow food and slow city movements are discussed, and evidence that slow travel is an important emergent form of tourism in Europe, accounting for 10% of the holiday market, is provided. A grounded theory approach continues the exploration, involving 23 in-depth interviews with practitioners and academics, which revealed that their core requirements for slow travel centred on slowness, the travel experience and environmental consciousness. There was a lack of consensus about the eligibility of car travel and high-speed rail. Slow travel is seen as a group of associated ideas rather than as a watertight definition; i...
180 citations
Cites methods from "Basics of qualitative research: Gro..."
...This would enable those with commitment to slow travel, as either a practitioner or an academic, to present their views, comprehension and analysis of the subject in line with the grounded approach developed by Strauss and Corbin (1990)....
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TL;DR: A modified retrospective interview technique (RIT) was employed with members of 53 blended families to determine the types of turning points they reported experiencing and the developmental trajectories of their respective blended family's first 4 years.
Abstract: A modified retrospective interview technique (RIT) was employed with members of 53 blended families to determine the types of turning points they reported experiencing and the developmental trajectories of their respective blended family’s first 4 years. Findings revealed 15 primary types of turning points, of which ‘Changes in Household Configuration’, ‘Conflict’, ‘Holidays/Special Events’, ‘Quality Time’ and ‘Family Crisis’ were the most frequent. A cluster analysis revealed five basic trajectories of development for the first 48 months of family development: Accelerated, Prolonged, Stagnating, Declining and High-amplitude Turbulent. The trajectories differed in the overall positive-to-negative valence ratio, the frequency of conflict related events, the average amplitude of change in feeling like a family, and the current reported level of feeling like a family.
179 citations
Cites methods from "Basics of qualitative research: Gro..."
...The researchers inductively derived a 15-catergory scheme of turning event types from the insiders’ accounts (see Results), using the constant comparative method (Strauss & Corbin, 1990)....
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TL;DR: (PDF) Thematic Analysis in Qualitative research | Anindita (PDF) Qualitative Research ProcessBasics of QualitativeResearch | SAGE Publications IncQualitative Research Method Summary JMEST
Abstract: (PDF) Thematic Analysis in Qualitative Research | Anindita (PDF) Qualitative Research ProcessBasics of Qualitative Research | SAGE Publications IncQualitative Research Method Summary JMESTMarket Research: Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research Research Design: Definition, Characteristics and Types Research Methodologies: Quantitative, Qualitative & Mixed Trustworthiness | Educational Research Basics by Del SiegleUser Research Basics | Usability.govQualitative Research – Research Methods in Psychology 10.2 Sampling in qualitative research – Scientific Inquiry What are the Different Types of Research Techniques?What is dependability in qualitative research and how do Qualitative Research Part II: Participants, Analysis, and Qualitative Research Paradigm | Educational Research Qualitative research Wikipedia12+ Qualitative Research Examples in PDF | DOC | Examples(PDF) A Brief Introduction to Qualitative ResearchSampling in Qualitative ResearchMarket research methods | Business QueenslandSampling Techniques and Procedures Designing Surveys for [PDF] Basics of Qualitative Research (3rd ed.): Techniques Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures 6 Types of Qualitative Research Methods: A Quick GuideSuccessful Qualitative Research | SAGE Publications LtdEvaluation of qualitative research studies | Evidence Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research Methodology & Design
16,622 citations
TL;DR: The use of reliability and validity are common in quantitative research and now it is reconsidered in the qualitative research paradigm as discussed by the authors, which can also illuminate some ways to test or maximize the validity and reliability of a qualitative study.
Abstract: The use of reliability and validity are common in quantitative research and now it is reconsidered in the qualitative research paradigm. Since reliability and validity are rooted in positivist perspective then they should be redefined for their use in a naturalistic approach. Like reliability and validity as used in quantitative research are providing springboard to examine what these two terms mean in the qualitative research paradigm, triangulation as used in quantitative research to test the reliability and validity can also illuminate some ways to test or maximize the validity and reliability of a qualitative study. Therefore, reliability, validity and triangulation, if they are relevant research concepts, particularly from a qualitative point of view, have to be redefined in order to reflect the multiple ways of establishing truth. Key words: Reliability, Validity, Triangulation, Construct, Qualitative, and Quantitative This article discusses the use of reliability and validity in the qualitative research paradigm. First, the meanings of quantitative and qualitative research are discussed. Secondly, reliability and validity as used in quantitative research are discussed as a way of providing a springboard to examining what these two terms mean and how they can be tested in the qualitative research paradigm. This paper concludes by drawing upon the use of triangulation in the two paradigms (quantitative and qualitative) to show how the changes have influenced our understanding of reliability, validity and triangulation in qualitative studies.
6,438 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a variety of techniques for theme discovery in qualitative research, ranging from quick word counts to laborious, in-depth, line-by-line scrutiny.
Abstract: Theme identification is one of the most fundamental tasks in qualitative research. It also is one of the most mysterious. Explicit descriptions of theme discovery are rarely found in articles and reports, and when they are, they are often relegated to appendices or footnotes. Techniques are shared among small groups of social scientists, but sharing is impeded by disciplinary or epistemological boundaries. The techniques described here are drawn from across epistemological and disciplinary boundaries. They include both observational and manipulative techniques and range from quick word counts to laborious, in-depth, line-by-line scrutiny. Techniques are compared on six dimensions: (1) appropriateness for data types, (2) required labor, (3) required expertise, (4) stage of analysis, (5) number and types of themes to be generated, and (6) issues of reliability and validity.
4,921 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of case study research in operations management for theory development and testing is reviewed and guidelines and a roadmap for operations management researchers wishing to design, develop and conduct case-based research are provided.
Abstract: This paper reviews the use of case study research in operations management for theory development and testing. It draws on the literature on case research in a number of disciplines and uses examples drawn from operations management research. It provides guidelines and a roadmap for operations management researchers wishing to design, develop and conduct case‐based research.
4,127 citations
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: In fact, most of the archaeologically recoverable information about human thought and human behavior is text, the good stuff of social science as mentioned in this paper, which is what we use in this paper.
Abstract: This chapter is about methods for managing and analyzing qualitative data. By qualitative data the authors mean text: newspapers, movies, sitcoms, e-mail traffic, folktales, life histories. They also mean narratives--narratives about getting divorced, about being sick, about surviving hand-to-hand combat, about selling sex, about trying to quit smoking. In fact, most of the archaeologically recoverable information about human thought and human behavior is text, the good stuff of social science.
3,671 citations