Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques
TL;DR: Reading a book as this basics of qualitative research grounded theory procedures and techniques and other references can enrich your life quality.
About: This article is published in Journal of Pediatric Nursing.The article was published on 1994-06-01 and is currently open access. It has received 13415 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Grounded theory & Qualitative research.
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TL;DR: A field study of New Zealand-based virtual team facilitators working with boundary-spanning virtual teams finds that organizational boundary crossing was affected by differing organizational cultures and policies, while working across cultures required awareness and adjustment in relationship-building expectations and strategies.
Abstract: Global virtual teams are playing an increasingly important role in international business by offering organizations the opportunity for reaching beyond traditional boundaries. However, their use has outpaced our understanding of their dynamics and unique characteristics. For example, global, multicultural, interorganizational, virtual teams and the effective use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) present real and compelling challenges to facilitators, but they also present teams with unparalleled opportunities for expanding on perspectives, approaches and ideas. However, crossing organizational, cultural and time and distance boundaries requires training, experience and organizational support. While research shows that the development of personal relationships between virtual team members is an important factor in effective working relationships, little research has been conducted on the effects of crossing organizational, cultural and time and distance boundaries on relationship building in virtual teams. This paper reports on a field study of New Zealand-based virtual team facilitators working with boundary-spanning virtual teams. From a facilitator's perspective, boundary-crossing issues (organizational, cultural, language and time and distance) can affect relationship building in many important ways. For instance, facilitators found that organizational boundary crossing was affected by differing organizational cultures and policies, while working across cultures required awareness and adjustment in relationship-building expectations and strategies. Crossing time and distance barriers necessitated the skilful use of synchronous and asynchronous ICTs and communication channels. These findings will be explored and the implications for practice and research will also be discussed.
168 citations
Cites background from "Basics of qualitative research: Gro..."
...Traditional grounded theory is a methodology for developing theory that is grounded in data that are systematically gathered and analysed in which theory emerges during the actual research, doing so through the continuous interplay between analysis and data collection (Strauss and Corbin, 1990)....
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...Strauss and Corbin (1990) later introduced a paradigmatic framework for assisting with structuring data in meaningful ways....
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TL;DR: The authors used existential theory as a framework to explore the levels of and relationship between job and couple burnout reported by dual-earner couples in the "sandwich generation" (i.e., couples caring both for children and aging parents) in a sample of such couples in Israel and the United States.
Abstract: We use existential theory as a framework to explore the levels of and relationship between job and couple burnout reported by dual-earner couples in the “sandwich generation” (i.e., couples caring both for children and aging parents) in a sample of such couples in Israel and the United States. This comparison enables an examination of the influence of culture (which is rarely addressed in burnout research) and gender (a topic fraught with conflicting results) on both job and couple burnout in this growing yet understudied group of workers who are reaching middle age and starting to face existential issues as part of their own life cycle. Results revealed significant differences in burnout type (job burnout higher than couple burnout); gender (wives more burned out than husbands); and country (Americans more burned out than Israelis). Job related stressors and rewards as well as parent care stressors predicted job burnout, and marital stressors and rewards predicted couple burnout. In addition, there was e...
167 citations
Cites methods from "Basics of qualitative research: Gro..."
...The focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using open coding and thematic analysis (Strauss and Corbin 1990)....
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TL;DR: The implementation of e‐democracy projects is undertaken at a much slower pace and with dramatically less support than the implementation of other, so‐called e‐administration, activities in the public sector.
Abstract: The challenge towards e-democracy, through the electronic transforma- tion of political systems, has become increasingly evident within developed econ- omies. It is regarded as an approach for increased and better quality citizen participation in the democratic processes. E-democracy forms a component of overall e-government initiatives where technology adoption and diffusion, to enhance wider access to, and the delivery of, government services, are apparent. However, previous research demonstrates that very few e-democracy proposals survive the stage of formal political decision-making to become substantive e- government projects within national or international agendas. Furthermore, the implementation of e-democracy projects is undertaken at a much slower pace and with dramatically less support than the implementation of other, so-called e-administration, activities in the public sector. The research in this paper considers the notion of the 'middleman paradox', presenting theoretical and empirical evidence that further investigates the phen- omenon associated with potential e-democracy improvements. Specifically, the paper adds a new dimension to existing theories on the hesitant evolution of e-democracy that clearly identifies politicians as an inhibiting factor. Proposals are made for an enhancement of these processes, and suggestions for further appli- cable research are demonstrated.
167 citations
Cites background from "Basics of qualitative research: Gro..."
...At this stage one part of the research team had no idea of what the data categories would be (Strauss & Corbin, 1990)....
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TL;DR: Focusing on the individuals' personal reports of events and situations, the issues of stigmatisation and discrimination were explored and super-ordinate themes of judgement, comparison, and personal understanding of the mental health issue emerged.
Abstract: Background: Recent investigations provide evidence of stigma against people with a diagnosis of mental illness. Aims: The purpose of this study was to provide an account of the life experiences of persons with schizophrenia. Focusing on the individuals’ personal reports of events and situations, the issues of stigmatisation and discrimination were explored. Method: Six participants were interviewed using a semi-structured schedule focusing on the areas of personal history, understanding of schizophrenia, social and medical contextualisation, and reflection on impact. The research was conducted using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) (Smith, 1996, 1999). Results: Super-ordinate themes of judgement, comparison, and personal understanding of the (mental health) issue emerged. Stigma was evident both as public-stigma and as self-stigma. Conclusions: The ramifications of stigma and discrimination are enduring and potentially disabling. IPA is a constructive tool in exploring these issues.
167 citations
Cites background from "Basics of qualitative research: Gro..."
...Strauss & Corbin (1990) outline its focus as on people’s lives, stories, behaviour, organisational skills, social movements or interactional relationships....
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TL;DR: Transportation barriers in health access in a rural context based on perceived cause, coping mechanisms and strategies for a sustainable transportation system underscore the need for policy to address rural transport problems in order to improve maternal health.
Abstract: The Ghana Community based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) strategy targets to bring health services to the doorsteps of clients in a manner that improves maternal and child health outcomes. In this strategy, referral is an important component but it is threatened in a rural context where transportation service is a problem. Few studies have examined perceptions of rural dwellers on transportation challenges in accessing maternal health care services within CHPS. Using the political ecology of health framework, this paper investigates transportation barriers in health access in a rural context based on perceived cause, coping mechanisms and strategies for a sustainable transportation system. Eight (8) focus group discussions involving males (n = 40) and females (n = 45) in rural communities in a CHPS zone in the Upper West Region of Ghana were conducted between September and December 2013. Lack of vehicular transport is suppressing the potential positive impact of CHPS on maternal and child health. Consistent neglect of road infrastructural development and endemic poverty in the study area makes provision of alternative transport services for health care difficult. As a result, pregnant women use risky methods such as bicycle/tricycle/motorbikes to access obstetric health care services, and some turn to traditional medicines and traditional birth attendants for maternal health care services. These findings underscore the need for policy to address rural transport problems in order to improve maternal health. Community based transport strategy with CHPS is proposed to improve adherence to referral and access to emergency obstetric services.
165 citations
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TL;DR: (PDF) Thematic Analysis in Qualitative research | Anindita (PDF) Qualitative Research ProcessBasics of QualitativeResearch | SAGE Publications IncQualitative Research Method Summary JMEST
Abstract: (PDF) Thematic Analysis in Qualitative Research | Anindita (PDF) Qualitative Research ProcessBasics of Qualitative Research | SAGE Publications IncQualitative Research Method Summary JMESTMarket Research: Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research Research Design: Definition, Characteristics and Types Research Methodologies: Quantitative, Qualitative & Mixed Trustworthiness | Educational Research Basics by Del SiegleUser Research Basics | Usability.govQualitative Research – Research Methods in Psychology 10.2 Sampling in qualitative research – Scientific Inquiry What are the Different Types of Research Techniques?What is dependability in qualitative research and how do Qualitative Research Part II: Participants, Analysis, and Qualitative Research Paradigm | Educational Research Qualitative research Wikipedia12+ Qualitative Research Examples in PDF | DOC | Examples(PDF) A Brief Introduction to Qualitative ResearchSampling in Qualitative ResearchMarket research methods | Business QueenslandSampling Techniques and Procedures Designing Surveys for [PDF] Basics of Qualitative Research (3rd ed.): Techniques Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures 6 Types of Qualitative Research Methods: A Quick GuideSuccessful Qualitative Research | SAGE Publications LtdEvaluation of qualitative research studies | Evidence Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research Methodology & Design
16,622 citations
TL;DR: The use of reliability and validity are common in quantitative research and now it is reconsidered in the qualitative research paradigm as discussed by the authors, which can also illuminate some ways to test or maximize the validity and reliability of a qualitative study.
Abstract: The use of reliability and validity are common in quantitative research and now it is reconsidered in the qualitative research paradigm. Since reliability and validity are rooted in positivist perspective then they should be redefined for their use in a naturalistic approach. Like reliability and validity as used in quantitative research are providing springboard to examine what these two terms mean in the qualitative research paradigm, triangulation as used in quantitative research to test the reliability and validity can also illuminate some ways to test or maximize the validity and reliability of a qualitative study. Therefore, reliability, validity and triangulation, if they are relevant research concepts, particularly from a qualitative point of view, have to be redefined in order to reflect the multiple ways of establishing truth. Key words: Reliability, Validity, Triangulation, Construct, Qualitative, and Quantitative This article discusses the use of reliability and validity in the qualitative research paradigm. First, the meanings of quantitative and qualitative research are discussed. Secondly, reliability and validity as used in quantitative research are discussed as a way of providing a springboard to examining what these two terms mean and how they can be tested in the qualitative research paradigm. This paper concludes by drawing upon the use of triangulation in the two paradigms (quantitative and qualitative) to show how the changes have influenced our understanding of reliability, validity and triangulation in qualitative studies.
6,438 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a variety of techniques for theme discovery in qualitative research, ranging from quick word counts to laborious, in-depth, line-by-line scrutiny.
Abstract: Theme identification is one of the most fundamental tasks in qualitative research. It also is one of the most mysterious. Explicit descriptions of theme discovery are rarely found in articles and reports, and when they are, they are often relegated to appendices or footnotes. Techniques are shared among small groups of social scientists, but sharing is impeded by disciplinary or epistemological boundaries. The techniques described here are drawn from across epistemological and disciplinary boundaries. They include both observational and manipulative techniques and range from quick word counts to laborious, in-depth, line-by-line scrutiny. Techniques are compared on six dimensions: (1) appropriateness for data types, (2) required labor, (3) required expertise, (4) stage of analysis, (5) number and types of themes to be generated, and (6) issues of reliability and validity.
4,921 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of case study research in operations management for theory development and testing is reviewed and guidelines and a roadmap for operations management researchers wishing to design, develop and conduct case-based research are provided.
Abstract: This paper reviews the use of case study research in operations management for theory development and testing. It draws on the literature on case research in a number of disciplines and uses examples drawn from operations management research. It provides guidelines and a roadmap for operations management researchers wishing to design, develop and conduct case‐based research.
4,127 citations
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: In fact, most of the archaeologically recoverable information about human thought and human behavior is text, the good stuff of social science as mentioned in this paper, which is what we use in this paper.
Abstract: This chapter is about methods for managing and analyzing qualitative data. By qualitative data the authors mean text: newspapers, movies, sitcoms, e-mail traffic, folktales, life histories. They also mean narratives--narratives about getting divorced, about being sick, about surviving hand-to-hand combat, about selling sex, about trying to quit smoking. In fact, most of the archaeologically recoverable information about human thought and human behavior is text, the good stuff of social science.
3,671 citations