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Journal ArticleDOI

Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

01 Jun 1994-Journal of Pediatric Nursing (Elsevier)-Vol. 9, Iss: 3, pp 205-206
TL;DR: Reading a book as this basics of qualitative research grounded theory procedures and techniques and other references can enrich your life quality.
About: This article is published in Journal of Pediatric Nursing.The article was published on 1994-06-01 and is currently open access. It has received 13415 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Grounded theory & Qualitative research.
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TL;DR: (PDF) Thematic Analysis in Qualitative research | Anindita (PDF) Qualitative Research ProcessBasics of QualitativeResearch | SAGE Publications IncQualitative Research Method Summary JMEST
Abstract: (PDF) Thematic Analysis in Qualitative Research | Anindita (PDF) Qualitative Research ProcessBasics of Qualitative Research | SAGE Publications IncQualitative Research Method Summary JMESTMarket Research: Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research Research Design: Definition, Characteristics and Types Research Methodologies: Quantitative, Qualitative & Mixed Trustworthiness | Educational Research Basics by Del SiegleUser Research Basics | Usability.govQualitative Research – Research Methods in Psychology 10.2 Sampling in qualitative research – Scientific Inquiry What are the Different Types of Research Techniques?What is dependability in qualitative research and how do Qualitative Research Part II: Participants, Analysis, and Qualitative Research Paradigm | Educational Research Qualitative research Wikipedia12+ Qualitative Research Examples in PDF | DOC | Examples(PDF) A Brief Introduction to Qualitative ResearchSampling in Qualitative ResearchMarket research methods | Business QueenslandSampling Techniques and Procedures Designing Surveys for [PDF] Basics of Qualitative Research (3rd ed.): Techniques Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures 6 Types of Qualitative Research Methods: A Quick GuideSuccessful Qualitative Research | SAGE Publications LtdEvaluation of qualitative research studies | Evidence Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research Methodology & Design

16,622 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The use of reliability and validity are common in quantitative research and now it is reconsidered in the qualitative research paradigm as discussed by the authors, which can also illuminate some ways to test or maximize the validity and reliability of a qualitative study.
Abstract: The use of reliability and validity are common in quantitative research and now it is reconsidered in the qualitative research paradigm. Since reliability and validity are rooted in positivist perspective then they should be redefined for their use in a naturalistic approach. Like reliability and validity as used in quantitative research are providing springboard to examine what these two terms mean in the qualitative research paradigm, triangulation as used in quantitative research to test the reliability and validity can also illuminate some ways to test or maximize the validity and reliability of a qualitative study. Therefore, reliability, validity and triangulation, if they are relevant research concepts, particularly from a qualitative point of view, have to be redefined in order to reflect the multiple ways of establishing truth. Key words: Reliability, Validity, Triangulation, Construct, Qualitative, and Quantitative This article discusses the use of reliability and validity in the qualitative research paradigm. First, the meanings of quantitative and qualitative research are discussed. Secondly, reliability and validity as used in quantitative research are discussed as a way of providing a springboard to examining what these two terms mean and how they can be tested in the qualitative research paradigm. This paper concludes by drawing upon the use of triangulation in the two paradigms (quantitative and qualitative) to show how the changes have influenced our understanding of reliability, validity and triangulation in qualitative studies.

6,438 citations


Cites background or methods from "Basics of qualitative research: Gro..."

  • ...When judging (testing) qualitative work, Strauss and Corbin (1990) suggest that the "usual canons of ‘good science’…require redefinition in order to fit the realities of qualitative research" (p. 250)....

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  • ...…defined, means "any kind of research that produces findings not arrived at by means of statistical procedures or other means of quantification" (Strauss and Corbin, 1990, p. 17) and instead, the kind of research that produces findings arrived from real-world settings where the "phenomenon of…...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a variety of techniques for theme discovery in qualitative research, ranging from quick word counts to laborious, in-depth, line-by-line scrutiny.
Abstract: Theme identification is one of the most fundamental tasks in qualitative research. It also is one of the most mysterious. Explicit descriptions of theme discovery are rarely found in articles and reports, and when they are, they are often relegated to appendices or footnotes. Techniques are shared among small groups of social scientists, but sharing is impeded by disciplinary or epistemological boundaries. The techniques described here are drawn from across epistemological and disciplinary boundaries. They include both observational and manipulative techniques and range from quick word counts to laborious, in-depth, line-by-line scrutiny. Techniques are compared on six dimensions: (1) appropriateness for data types, (2) required labor, (3) required expertise, (4) stage of analysis, (5) number and types of themes to be generated, and (6) issues of reliability and validity.

4,921 citations


Cites background from "Basics of qualitative research: Gro..."

  • ...For identifying “important” themes and linking them to theoretical models, Strauss and Corbin (1990) , Dey (1993), and Miles and Huberman (1994) are quite helpful....

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  • ...Typically, grounded theorists begin with a line-by-line analysis, asking, What is this sentence about? and How is it similar to or different from the preceding or following statements? This keeps the researcher focused on the data rather than on theoretical flights of fancy (Glaser 1978:56–72; Charmaz 1990, 2000; Strauss and Corbin 1990:84 –95)....

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  • ...Patton (1990:306, 393–400) referred to these as “indigenous categories” and contrasted them with “analystconstructed typologies.” Grounded theorists refer to the process of identifying local terms as in vivo coding (Strauss 1987:28; Strauss and Corbin 1990:61 –74)....

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  • ...Strauss and Corbin (1990) called them “concepts.”...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of case study research in operations management for theory development and testing is reviewed and guidelines and a roadmap for operations management researchers wishing to design, develop and conduct case-based research are provided.
Abstract: This paper reviews the use of case study research in operations management for theory development and testing. It draws on the literature on case research in a number of disciplines and uses examples drawn from operations management research. It provides guidelines and a roadmap for operations management researchers wishing to design, develop and conduct case‐based research.

4,127 citations

01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: In fact, most of the archaeologically recoverable information about human thought and human behavior is text, the good stuff of social science as mentioned in this paper, which is what we use in this paper.
Abstract: This chapter is about methods for managing and analyzing qualitative data. By qualitative data the authors mean text: newspapers, movies, sitcoms, e-mail traffic, folktales, life histories. They also mean narratives--narratives about getting divorced, about being sick, about surviving hand-to-hand combat, about selling sex, about trying to quit smoking. In fact, most of the archaeologically recoverable information about human thought and human behavior is text, the good stuff of social science.

3,671 citations


Cites background or methods from "Basics of qualitative research: Gro..."

  • ...Strauss and Corbin (1990), Dey (1993), and Becker (1998) provide especially useful guidance....

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  • ...Identifying the categories and terms used by informants themselves is called “in vivo coding” (Strauss & Corbin, 1990)....

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  • ...Waitzkin and Britt (1993) did a thoroughgoing interpretive analysis of encounters between patients and doctors by selecting 50 texts at random from 336 audiotaped encounters....

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  • ...In a process called “open coding,” the investigator identifies potential themes by pulling together real examples from the text (Agar, 1996; Bernard, 1994; Bogdan & Biklen, 1992; Lincoln & Guba, 1985; Lofland & Lofland, 1995; Strauss & Corbin, 1990; Taylor & Bogdan, 1984)....

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  • ...(For other good descriptions of the comparison method, see Glaser, 1978, pp. 56-72; Strauss & Corbin, 1990, pp. 84-95.)...

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the methods that African Americans use to resist discrimination and oppression management, and find that these methods are ineffective and ineffective for African Americans' social behaviors, and that they are ineffective in many cases.
Abstract: Oppression and oppression management are focal topics of inquiry in research on African Americans’ social behaviors. Previous research has failed to investigate the methods that African Americans w...

136 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The argument presented is that content validity requires a mixed methods approach since data are developed through qualitative and quantitative methods that inform each other and provides feedback on the effectiveness of the ToS through a process of determining consensus.
Abstract: There is paucity of detailed information in the literature on how to develop procedures for estimating content validity to increase trustworthiness of assessment instruments. The authors present three unique examples, interpretation, and application of Tables of Specifications (ToS) for generating these estimates. The development and logic of the ToS requires presenting evidence that has transparency and creates trustworthiness in the validity estimates by maintaining an audit trail and using of triangulation, expert debriefing, and peer review. The argument presented is that content validity requires a mixed methods approach since data are developed through qualitative and quantitative methods that inform each other. This process is iterative and provides feedback on the effectiveness of the ToS through a process of determining consensus.

136 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings revealed that approximately one third of the sample had some experience with trading sex, whether it was in the form of having traded sex, having been propositioned to trade sex but having refused, or having friends or acquaintances that had traded sex.
Abstract: This study examined the circumstances surrounding a homeless youth's “decision “ to trade sex for food, money, shelter, or drugs. Forty homeless youth in 4 Midwestern states participated in individual, in‐depth qualitative interviews. Interviewers recruited youth through both service agencies and street outreach. The findings revealed that approximately one third of the sample had some experience with trading sex, whether it was in the form of having traded sex, having been propositioned to trade sex but having refused, or having friends or acquaintances that had traded sex. Young people's reports indicated that they had traded sex for things they deemed necessary in order to survive (i.e., food, shelter, money, or drugs) and that they did not want to trade sex, but did so because they were desperate and lacked alternatives. Additionally, others were coerced, manipulated, or forced to do so, indicating that the decision to trade sex is not always voluntary. We discuss the implications of these findings in...

136 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a new model of careers can be used to suggest human resource development (HRD) programs that better match the unique career patterns of women, and the problem and the solution.
Abstract: The problem and the solution. This article explores how a new model of careers can be used to suggest human resource development (HRD) programs that better match the unique career patterns of women...

136 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is found that women are less likely to be screened for colorectal cancer than men while the source of this screening differential is unknown, and recent studies suggest gender differences in barriers to screening might explain the disparity.
Abstract: Context Several prior studies have found that women are less likely to be screened for colorectal cancer (CRC) than men. While the source of this screening differential is unknown, recent studies suggest gender differences in barriers to screening might explain the disparity. Objective This formative study was designed to explore CRC screening barriers, attitudes and preferences by gender. Methodology Focus group interviews with groups stratified by gender and screening status. Participants included 27 females and 43 males between the ages of 50 and 75 years who receive primary care at the Minneapolis VA Medical Center. We conducted interpretive and grounded text analysis of semi-structured focus group interviews to assess how knowledge, experiences and sociocultural norms shape female and male preferences and barriers to current CRC screening guidelines. Results Female and male participants reported similar preferences for CRC screening mode, but there were notable differences in the barriers and facilitators to screening. Key findings suggest that women viewed the preparation for endoscopic procedures as a major barrier to screening while men did not; women and men expressed different fears and information preferences regarding endoscopic procedures; and women perceive CRC as a male disease thus feeling less vulnerable to CRC. Gender-specific barriers may explain women's lower rate of screening for CRC. Conclusion Colorectal cancer screening promotion interventions, decision aids and clinical practice may benefit by being tailored by gender.

136 citations