Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques
TL;DR: Reading a book as this basics of qualitative research grounded theory procedures and techniques and other references can enrich your life quality.
About: This article is published in Journal of Pediatric Nursing.The article was published on 1994-06-01 and is currently open access. It has received 13415 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Grounded theory & Qualitative research.
Citations
More filters
Journal Article•
TL;DR: (PDF) Thematic Analysis in Qualitative research | Anindita (PDF) Qualitative Research ProcessBasics of QualitativeResearch | SAGE Publications IncQualitative Research Method Summary JMEST
Abstract: (PDF) Thematic Analysis in Qualitative Research | Anindita (PDF) Qualitative Research ProcessBasics of Qualitative Research | SAGE Publications IncQualitative Research Method Summary JMESTMarket Research: Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research Research Design: Definition, Characteristics and Types Research Methodologies: Quantitative, Qualitative & Mixed Trustworthiness | Educational Research Basics by Del SiegleUser Research Basics | Usability.govQualitative Research – Research Methods in Psychology 10.2 Sampling in qualitative research – Scientific Inquiry What are the Different Types of Research Techniques?What is dependability in qualitative research and how do Qualitative Research Part II: Participants, Analysis, and Qualitative Research Paradigm | Educational Research Qualitative research Wikipedia12+ Qualitative Research Examples in PDF | DOC | Examples(PDF) A Brief Introduction to Qualitative ResearchSampling in Qualitative ResearchMarket research methods | Business QueenslandSampling Techniques and Procedures Designing Surveys for [PDF] Basics of Qualitative Research (3rd ed.): Techniques Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures 6 Types of Qualitative Research Methods: A Quick GuideSuccessful Qualitative Research | SAGE Publications LtdEvaluation of qualitative research studies | Evidence Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research Methodology & Design
16,622 citations
TL;DR: The use of reliability and validity are common in quantitative research and now it is reconsidered in the qualitative research paradigm as discussed by the authors, which can also illuminate some ways to test or maximize the validity and reliability of a qualitative study.
Abstract: The use of reliability and validity are common in quantitative research and now it is reconsidered in the qualitative research paradigm. Since reliability and validity are rooted in positivist perspective then they should be redefined for their use in a naturalistic approach. Like reliability and validity as used in quantitative research are providing springboard to examine what these two terms mean in the qualitative research paradigm, triangulation as used in quantitative research to test the reliability and validity can also illuminate some ways to test or maximize the validity and reliability of a qualitative study. Therefore, reliability, validity and triangulation, if they are relevant research concepts, particularly from a qualitative point of view, have to be redefined in order to reflect the multiple ways of establishing truth. Key words: Reliability, Validity, Triangulation, Construct, Qualitative, and Quantitative This article discusses the use of reliability and validity in the qualitative research paradigm. First, the meanings of quantitative and qualitative research are discussed. Secondly, reliability and validity as used in quantitative research are discussed as a way of providing a springboard to examining what these two terms mean and how they can be tested in the qualitative research paradigm. This paper concludes by drawing upon the use of triangulation in the two paradigms (quantitative and qualitative) to show how the changes have influenced our understanding of reliability, validity and triangulation in qualitative studies.
6,438 citations
Cites background or methods from "Basics of qualitative research: Gro..."
...When judging (testing) qualitative work, Strauss and Corbin (1990) suggest that the "usual canons of ‘good science’…require redefinition in order to fit the realities of qualitative research" (p. 250)....
[...]
...…defined, means "any kind of research that produces findings not arrived at by means of statistical procedures or other means of quantification" (Strauss and Corbin, 1990, p. 17) and instead, the kind of research that produces findings arrived from real-world settings where the "phenomenon of…...
[...]
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a variety of techniques for theme discovery in qualitative research, ranging from quick word counts to laborious, in-depth, line-by-line scrutiny.
Abstract: Theme identification is one of the most fundamental tasks in qualitative research. It also is one of the most mysterious. Explicit descriptions of theme discovery are rarely found in articles and reports, and when they are, they are often relegated to appendices or footnotes. Techniques are shared among small groups of social scientists, but sharing is impeded by disciplinary or epistemological boundaries. The techniques described here are drawn from across epistemological and disciplinary boundaries. They include both observational and manipulative techniques and range from quick word counts to laborious, in-depth, line-by-line scrutiny. Techniques are compared on six dimensions: (1) appropriateness for data types, (2) required labor, (3) required expertise, (4) stage of analysis, (5) number and types of themes to be generated, and (6) issues of reliability and validity.
4,921 citations
Cites background from "Basics of qualitative research: Gro..."
...For identifying “important” themes and linking them to theoretical models, Strauss and Corbin (1990) , Dey (1993), and Miles and Huberman (1994) are quite helpful....
[...]
...Typically, grounded theorists begin with a line-by-line analysis, asking, What is this sentence about? and How is it similar to or different from the preceding or following statements? This keeps the researcher focused on the data rather than on theoretical flights of fancy (Glaser 1978:56–72; Charmaz 1990, 2000; Strauss and Corbin 1990:84 –95)....
[...]
...Patton (1990:306, 393–400) referred to these as “indigenous categories” and contrasted them with “analystconstructed typologies.” Grounded theorists refer to the process of identifying local terms as in vivo coding (Strauss 1987:28; Strauss and Corbin 1990:61 –74)....
[...]
...Strauss and Corbin (1990) called them “concepts.”...
[...]
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of case study research in operations management for theory development and testing is reviewed and guidelines and a roadmap for operations management researchers wishing to design, develop and conduct case-based research are provided.
Abstract: This paper reviews the use of case study research in operations management for theory development and testing. It draws on the literature on case research in a number of disciplines and uses examples drawn from operations management research. It provides guidelines and a roadmap for operations management researchers wishing to design, develop and conduct case‐based research.
4,127 citations
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: In fact, most of the archaeologically recoverable information about human thought and human behavior is text, the good stuff of social science as mentioned in this paper, which is what we use in this paper.
Abstract: This chapter is about methods for managing and analyzing qualitative data. By qualitative data the authors mean text: newspapers, movies, sitcoms, e-mail traffic, folktales, life histories. They also mean narratives--narratives about getting divorced, about being sick, about surviving hand-to-hand combat, about selling sex, about trying to quit smoking. In fact, most of the archaeologically recoverable information about human thought and human behavior is text, the good stuff of social science.
3,671 citations
Cites background or methods from "Basics of qualitative research: Gro..."
...Strauss and Corbin (1990), Dey (1993), and Becker (1998) provide especially useful guidance....
[...]
...Identifying the categories and terms used by informants themselves is called “in vivo coding” (Strauss & Corbin, 1990)....
[...]
...Waitzkin and Britt (1993) did a thoroughgoing interpretive analysis of encounters between patients and doctors by selecting 50 texts at random from 336 audiotaped encounters....
[...]
...In a process called “open coding,” the investigator identifies potential themes by pulling together real examples from the text (Agar, 1996; Bernard, 1994; Bogdan & Biklen, 1992; Lincoln & Guba, 1985; Lofland & Lofland, 1995; Strauss & Corbin, 1990; Taylor & Bogdan, 1984)....
[...]
...(For other good descriptions of the comparison method, see Glaser, 1978, pp. 56-72; Strauss & Corbin, 1990, pp. 84-95.)...
[...]
References
More filters
TL;DR: In this article, the role of theory in peer collaboration is discussed and connections among theory, research questions, and study methods are identified to identify how theory affected the work of each group of researchers.
Abstract: This special issue illustrates how research on peer collaboration is influenced by different theoretical perspectives. In the first part of this commentary, the role of theory in each article is discussed. The authors use connections among theory, research questions, and study methods to identify how theory affected the work of each group of researchers. They then make the case that the real need lies in the integration of those theories and in the integration of all findings relevant to applied questions of collaborative processing. Following a brief review of relevant theories, the authors demonstrate how a cohesive, integrated theory of group processes can be adopted.
102 citations
TL;DR: This study aimed to document oncologist responses to more extreme presentations and identify helpful and unhelpful strategies for clinicians.
Abstract: Background Patients vary widely in their preferences and capacity for participation in medical decision-making. This study aimed to document oncologist responses to more extreme presentations and identify helpful and unhelpful strategies for clinicians.
Patients and methods A trained actor played the role of a patient with early stage breast cancer who was attending her first consultation with a medical oncologist. She adopted in random order two different consultation participation styles: that of a very anxious, active patient, and that of a depressed, passive patient. Medical consultations between the actor and 16 medical oncologists were videotaped and then analysed qualitatively by two trained raters.
Results Strategies that facilitated shared decision-making with both patient types and were positively endorsed by the actor/patient included explicit agenda-setting, active listening, checking understanding, endorsing question-asking, offering decisional delay, and non-verbal behaviours conveying empathy and warmth. Oncologists successfully negotiated with the active patient to share control of the consultation, and responded to emotional cues from the passive patient. Unhelpful strategies were also identified.
Conclusions Few clinicians receive training in responding to differing communication styles in their patients that could potentially cause conflict and hinder optimal treatment decision-making. This study suggests some useful strategies for oncologists to consider, to widen their behavioural repertoire in the cancer consultation.
102 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focused on fine-grained details of beliefs, practices, and connections between them, and found that particular units of analysis (collections of beliefs) are useful for investigating connections between beliefs and specific practices.
Abstract: Findings about mathematics teachers' beliefs typically involve broad characterizations of those beliefs that are compared with general descriptions of practices. Teacher development research suggests that changes happen effectively from attention to specific practices. Few investigations of beliefs and practices are done at this level of detail. Thus, little is known about how beliefs shape practices at the very grain-size where development appears to happen most productively. This study focused on fine-grained details of beliefs, practices, and connections between them. Findings indicate that particular units of analysis (“collections of beliefs”) are useful for investigating connections between beliefs and specific practices. Certain collections were also found to be especially influential, including beliefs about evidence of student understanding and about how learning happens.
102 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, three groups of refugee mothers from different world regions spoke about their lives and connections with their children's schools and revealed satisfaction with many aspects of their children's schools as well as contrasts between the groups' needs and experiences.
Abstract: Parental involvement in schools is regarded as critical to student success in Australia, Canada, and the USA, the world’s top refugee resettlement countries. Refugees can be disadvantaged when they are unfamiliar with the practices and when their own cultural beliefs conflict with expectations in their new communities, or when they are consumed by other pressing needs. As part of an evaluation of a nonprofit US refugee agency’s liaison program, three groups of refugee mothers from different world regions spoke about their lives and connections with their children’s schools. Focus groups revealed satisfaction with many aspects of their children’s schools as well as contrasts between the groups’ needs and experiences. Differences indicate the need for the education community and other service providers to be aware of international backgrounds that bring refugees to the countries of resettlement and cultural differences that create diverse concerns of these groups.
102 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze the extent to which Mondragon's basic cooperative principles are applied in the daily practice from the perspective of worker-member-owners and provide evidence of a decoupling of cooperative principles from the workers' daily activity.
Abstract: The Mondragon Cooperative Experience has been one of the worker-owned alternative organizations that has received the most attention in the academic world. Despite its economic success, this experience has also been wrought with its own share of tensions and internal paradoxes. Surprisingly, the perspective of worker�member�owners in the analysis of those inconsistencies in Mondragon has been given very little prominence. Similarly, the equivalence between the formal policies defined in that experience and the day-to-day activity has been widely taken for granted in the literature. This article aims to fill this gap and contribute to the literature by analyzing the extent to which Mondragon�s basic cooperative principles are applied in the daily practice from the perspective of worker�member�owners. To that end, in-depth interviews were conducted with worker�member�owners of Mondragon outside their working environment. An interpretative analysis provides evidence of a decoupling of cooperative principles from the workers� daily activity. Furthermore, a tacit and non-formal principle frequently surfaces in the interviews: the principle of the primacy of secure membership and guaranteed employment. This seems to be the most solid tie that binds members to their organization, in a context with growing individualization and precarious employment conditions, together with a ubiquitous managerial discourse that encourages shallow forms of workplace participation. This work contributes to the broader field of organizational theory and sheds light on the dissociation process in formal policies of organizations governed by alternative founding principles. It also tries to contribute to the study of the sustainability of such alternative organizations.
102 citations