Beta-band oscillations--signalling the status quo?

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Beta-band oscillations--signalling the status quo?

Journal Article•

Beta-band oscillations--signalling the status quo?

01 Jan 2010-Current Opinion in Neurology-Vol. 20, pp 156-165

TL;DR: It is hypothesized that beta oscillations and/or coupling in the beta-band are expressed more strongly if the maintenance of the status quo is intended or predicted, than if a change is expected.

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Abstract: In this review, we consider the potential functional role of beta-band oscillations, which at present is not yet well understood. We discuss evidence from recent studies on top-down mechanisms involved in cognitive processing, on the motor system and on the pathophysiology of movement disorders that suggest a unifying hypothesis: beta-band activity seems related to the maintenance of the current sensorimotor or cognitive state. We hypothesize that beta oscillations and/or coupling in the beta-band are expressed more strongly if the maintenance of the status quo is intended or predicted, than if a change is expected. Moreover, we suggest that pathological enhancement of beta-band activity is likely to result in an abnormal persistence of the status quo and a deterioration of flexible behavioural and cognitive control.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Shaping functional architecture by oscillatory alpha activity : gating by inhibition

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Ole Jensen¹, Ali Mazaheri¹•Institutions (1)

Radboud University Nijmegen¹

04 Nov 2010-Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

TL;DR: It is proposed that information is gated by inhibiting task-irrelevant regions, thus routing information to task-relevant regions and the empirical support for this framework is discussed.

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Abstract: In order to understand the working brain as a network, it is essential to identify the mechanisms by which information is gated between regions. We here propose that information is gated by inhibiting task-irrelevant regions, thus routing information to task-relevant regions. The functional inhibition is reflected in oscillatory activity in the alpha band (8-13 Hz). From a physiological perspective the alpha activity provides pulsed inhibition reducing the processing capabilities of a given area. Active processing in the engaged areas is reflected by neuronal synchronization in the gamma band (30-100 Hz) accompanied by an alpha band decrease. According to this framework the brain should be studied as a network by investigating cross-frequency interactions between gamma and alpha activity. Specifically the framework predicts that optimal task performance will correlate with alpha activity in task-irrelevant areas. In this review we will discuss the empirical support for this framework. Given that alpha activity is by far the strongest signal recorded by EEG and MEG, we propose that a major part of the electrophysiological activity detected from the working brain reflects gating by inhibition.

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2,448 citations

Cites background from "Beta-band oscillations--signalling ..."

...However, beta band activity has also been proposed to play a more active role such as maintenance of the status quo (Engel and Fries, 2010)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

The role of phase synchronization in memory processes.

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Juergen Fell¹, Nikolai Axmacher¹•Institutions (1)

University of Bonn¹

01 Feb 2011-Nature Reviews Neuroscience

TL;DR: This work proposes that processes underlying working and long-term memory might interact in the medial temporal lobe and proposes that this is accomplished by neural operations involving phase–phase and phase–amplitude synchronization.

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Abstract: In recent years, studies ranging from single-unit recordings in animals to electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography studies in humans have demonstrated the pivotal role of phase synchronization in memory processes. Phase synchronization - here referring to the synchronization of oscillatory phases between different brain regions - supports both working memory and long-term memory and acts by facilitating neural communication and by promoting neural plasticity. There is evidence that processes underlying working and long-term memory might interact in the medial temporal lobe. We propose that this is accomplished by neural operations involving phase-phase and phase-amplitude synchronization. A deeper understanding of how phase synchronization supports the flexibility of and interaction between memory systems may yield new insights into the functions of phase synchronization in general.

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1,396 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Spectral fingerprints of large-scale neuronal interactions

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Markus Siegel¹, Tobias H. Donner², Andreas K. Engel³•Institutions (3)

University of Tübingen¹, University of Amsterdam², University of Hamburg³

01 Feb 2012-Nature Reviews Neuroscience

TL;DR: It is proposed that frequency-specific neuronal correlations in large-scale cortical networks may be 'fingerprints' of canonical neuronal computations underlying cognitive processes.

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Abstract: Cognition results from interactions among functionally specialized but widely distributed brain regions; however, neuroscience has so far largely focused on characterizing the function of individual brain regions and neurons therein. Here we discuss recent studies that have instead investigated the interactions between brain regions during cognitive processes by assessing correlations between neuronal oscillations in different regions of the primate cerebral cortex. These studies have opened a new window onto the large-scale circuit mechanisms underlying sensorimotor decision-making and top-down attention. We propose that frequency-specific neuronal correlations in large-scale cortical networks may be 'fingerprints' of canonical neuronal computations underlying cognitive processes.

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1,149 citations

Cites background from "Beta-band oscillations--signalling ..."

...A related account postulates that large-scale beta-band oscillations reflect maintenance of the status quo in large-scale cortical networks, whereas gamma-band oscillations predominate if changes in the stimulus are expecte...
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Journal Article•DOI•

Cortical oscillations and sensory predictions

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Luc H. Arnal¹, Luc H. Arnal², Anne-Lise Giraud²•Institutions (2)

New York University¹, École Normale Supérieure²

01 Jul 2012-Trends in Cognitive Sciences

TL;DR: It is argued that neural rhythms offer distinct and adapted computational solutions to predicting 'what' is going to happen in the sensory environment and 'when'.

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845 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Scaling Brain Size, Keeping Timing: Evolutionary Preservation of Brain Rhythms

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Gyoergy Buzsaki¹, Nikos K. Logothetis², Wolf Singer³•Institutions (3)

Center for Neural Science¹, University of Manchester², Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies³

30 Oct 2013-Neuron

TL;DR: Deployment of large-diameter axons of long-range neurons could be a key factor in the preserved time management in growing brains, and the consequences in mental disease, drug discovery, and interventional therapies are discussed.

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674 citations

Cites background from "Beta-band oscillations--signalling ..."

...It should be mentioned that previous studies typically analyzed individual frequency bands separately and have not yet exploited the high sensitivity of cross-frequency phase coupling and other hierarchical features among the various oscillations....
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References

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Open Access

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Journal Article•DOI•

Spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity observed with functional magnetic resonance imaging.

[...]

Michael D. Fox¹, Marcus E. Raichle¹•Institutions (1)

Washington University in St. Louis¹

01 Sep 2007-Nature Reviews Neuroscience

TL;DR: Recent studies examining spontaneous fluctuations in the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal of functional magnetic resonance imaging as a potentially important and revealing manifestation of spontaneous neuronal activity are reviewed.

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Abstract: The majority of functional neuroscience studies have focused on the brain's response to a task or stimulus. However, the brain is very active even in the absence of explicit input or output. In this Article we review recent studies examining spontaneous fluctuations in the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal of functional magnetic resonance imaging as a potentially important and revealing manifestation of spontaneous neuronal activity. Although several challenges remain, these studies have provided insight into the intrinsic functional architecture of the brain, variability in behaviour and potential physiological correlates of neurological and psychiatric disease.

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6,135 citations

"Beta-band oscillations--signalling ..." refers background in this paper

...Finally, our hypothesis would predict that resting-state networks [80] should be distinguished by prominent BBA and beta-band coupling, since the default mode of brain function constitutes a state which seems distinguished by low expectation of ensuing change in the sensorimotor set....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Neuronal Oscillations in Cortical Networks

[...]

György Buzsáki¹, Andreas Draguhn²•Institutions (2)

Rutgers University¹, Heidelberg University²

25 Jun 2004-Science

TL;DR: Recent findings indicate that network oscillations bias input selection, temporally link neurons into assemblies, and facilitate synaptic plasticity, mechanisms that cooperatively support temporal representation and long-term consolidation of information.

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Abstract: Clocks tick, bridges and skyscrapers vibrate, neuronal networks oscillate. Are neuronal oscillations an inevitable by-product, similar to bridge vibrations, or an essential part of the brain’s design? Mammalian cortical neurons form behavior-dependent oscillating networks of various sizes, which span five orders of magnitude in frequency. These oscillations are phylogenetically preserved, suggesting that they are functionally relevant. Recent findings indicate that network oscillations bias input selection, temporally link neurons into assemblies, and facilitate synaptic plasticity, mechanisms that cooperatively support temporal representation and long-term consolidation of information.

...read moreread less

5,512 citations

"Beta-band oscillations--signalling ..." refers background in this paper

...Thereby, they can temporally coordinate the information transfer across brain regions and support spike-timing dependent plasticity [3–6]....
[...]
...Introduction Evidence has accumulated in the past two decades strongly suggesting that oscillatory signals subserve important functions both in the developing and in the mature brain [1–12]....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

The brainweb: phase synchronization and large-scale integration.

[...]

Francisco J. Varela, Jean-Philippe Lachaux, Eugenio Rodríguez¹, Jacques Martinerie•Institutions (1)

Pontifical Catholic University of Chile¹

01 Apr 2001-Nature Reviews Neuroscience

TL;DR: It is argued that the most plausible candidate is the formation of dynamic links mediated by synchrony over multiple frequency bands.

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Abstract: The emergence of a unified cognitive moment relies on the coordination of scattered mosaics of functionally specialized brain regions. Here we review the mechanisms of large-scale integration that counterbalance the distributed anatomical and functional organization of brain activity to enable the emergence of coherent behaviour and cognition. Although the mechanisms involved in large-scale integration are still largely unknown, we argue that the most plausible candidate is the formation of dynamic links mediated by synchrony over multiple frequency bands.

...read moreread less

4,485 citations

"Beta-band oscillations--signalling ..." refers background in this paper

...Thereby, they can temporally coordinate the information transfer across brain regions and support spike-timing dependent plasticity [3–6]....
[...]
...Introduction Evidence has accumulated in the past two decades strongly suggesting that oscillatory signals subserve important functions both in the developing and in the mature brain [1–12]....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

A mechanism for cognitive dynamics: neuronal communication through neuronal coherence

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Pascal Fries¹, Pascal Fries²•Institutions (2)

F.C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging¹, Radboud University Nijmegen²

01 Oct 2005-Trends in Cognitive Sciences

TL;DR: It is hypothesized that neuronal communication is mechanistically subserved by neuronal coherence, and a flexible pattern of coherence defines a flexible communication structure, which subserves the authors' cognitive flexibility.

...read moreread less

3,862 citations

"Beta-band oscillations--signalling ..." refers background in this paper

...Thereby, they can temporally coordinate the information transfer across brain regions and support spike-timing dependent plasticity [3–6]....
[...]
...The available data demonstrate that changes in amplitude or coherence of gamma-band oscillations relate to a broad range of processes, including feature integration, stimulus selection, attention, multisensory and sensorimotor integration, movement preparation, memory formation and even conscious awareness [1,2,4,6,9–12]....
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...Introduction Evidence has accumulated in the past two decades strongly suggesting that oscillatory signals subserve important functions both in the developing and in the mature brain [1–12]....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

Thalamocortical oscillations in the sleeping and aroused brain

[...]

Mircea Steriade¹, David A. McCormick, Terrence J. Sejnowski•Institutions (1)

Laval University¹

29 Oct 1993-Science

TL;DR: Analysis of cortical and thalamic networks at many levels, from molecules to single neurons to large neuronal assemblies, with a variety of techniques, is beginning to yield insights into the mechanisms of the generation, modulation, and function of brain oscillations.

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Abstract: Sleep is characterized by synchronized events in billions of synaptically coupled neurons in thalamocortical systems. The activation of a series of neuromodulatory transmitter systems during awakening blocks low-frequency oscillations, induces fast rhythms, and allows the brain to recover full responsiveness. Analysis of cortical and thalamic networks at many levels, from molecules to single neurons to large neuronal assemblies, with a variety of techniques, ranging from intracellular recordings in vivo and in vitro to computer simulations, is beginning to yield insights into the mechanisms of the generation, modulation, and function of brain oscillations.

...read moreread less

3,382 citations

"Beta-band oscillations--signalling ..." refers background in this paper

...States of low arousal, such as deep sleep or anaesthesia, in contrast, are characterized by spatially less specific, global synchronization of slow oscillations [13,15]....
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...Delta is the predominant frequency during deep sleep, and this frequency range is associated with learning, motivational processes and the brain reward system [9,13]....
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