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Journal ArticleDOI

Beta-decay half-lives calculated on the gross theory

01 Aug 1973-Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables (Academic Press)-Vol. 12, Iss: 1, pp 101-142
TL;DR: In this paper, the gross theory was used to calculate the Beta-decay half-life of all the isotopes between the proton-drip and neutron drip lines with Z = 3 to Z = 100.
About: This article is published in Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables.The article was published on 1973-08-01. It has received 392 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Mass formula.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the current understanding of the lives and deaths of massive stars, with special attention to the relevant nuclear and stellar physics, and focused on their post-helium-burning evolution.
Abstract: amount of energy, a tiny fraction of which is sufficient to explode the star as a supernova. The authors examine our current understanding of the lives and deaths of massive stars, with special attention to the relevant nuclear and stellar physics. Emphasis is placed upon their post-helium-burning evolution. Current views regarding the supernova explosion mechanism are reviewed, and the hydrodynamics of supernova shock propagation and ‘‘fallback’’ is discussed. The calculated neutron star masses, supernova light curves, and spectra from these model stars are shown to be consistent with observations. During all phases, particular attention is paid to the nucleosynthesis of heavy elements. Such stars are capable of producing, with few exceptions, the isotopes between mass 16 and 88 as well as a large fraction of still heavier elements made by the r and p processes.

1,981 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the ground-state odd-proton and odd-neutron spins and parities, proton and neutron pairing gaps, one-and two-Neutron separation energies, quantities related to β -delayed one- and two-NEutron emission probabilities, average energy and average number of emitted neutrons, β -decay energy release and half-life with respect to Gamow-Teller decay with a phenomenological treatment of first-forbidden decays, one and twoproton separation energies and α-decay nuclear half-

956 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of the state-of-the-art in the field can be found in this paper, where the authors present a brief summary of the one- or multidimensional spherical or non-spherical explosion simulations available to date.

706 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the energy levels of A = 11 and 12 nuclei with emphasis on material leading to information about the structure of the A =11 and 12 systems were analyzed.

571 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of nuclear structure on the rp-process between Ge and Sn in various scenarios was investigated and it was shown that 2p-capture reactions accelerate the reaction flow into the Z greater than or equal to 36 region considerably.

489 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a semi-empirical theory of nuclear masses and deformations is presented, where the potential energy of a nucleus, considered as a function of N, Z and the nuclear shape, is given by the liquid-drop model, modified by a shell correction.

1,376 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, Fermi's original "polar vector" form of the theory was extended to first and second forbidden transitions for arbitrarily charged nuclei and the final results were given in the form of a "correction factor" $C, by which the allowed distribution must be multiplied to give a forbidden spectrum.
Abstract: Fermi's theory of the energy distribution of $\ensuremath{\beta}$-particles is extended to first and second forbidden transitions for arbitrarily charged nuclei. The calculations are done not only for Fermi's original "polar vector" form of the theory but also for the scalar, tensor, axial vector and pseudoscalar forms. Selection rules appropriate for these are given in Table I. The final results are given in the form of a "correction factor" $C$, by which the allowed distribution must be multiplied to give a forbidden spectrum. They are listed in \textsection{}4. The energy dependence of the correction factors was found to be completely independent of knowledge concerning the details of the nuclear states only for the scalar and pseudo-scalar interactions (which give identical results) and for certain special selection rules in the other interactions. Comparison with experimental data on ${\mathrm{Na}}^{24}$, ${\mathrm{P}}^{32}$ and RaE seems to eliminate the scalar, pseudo-scalar and axial vector possibilities, all of which yield results independent of detailed knowledge concerning the nuclear states involved in these cases. The polar vector and tensor results depend on the unknown ratio of the magnitudes of certain nuclear matrix elements. Arbitrary adjustment of the unknown ratios allows fairly good fitting of the data. Especially striking is the reproduction of a "K-U type" shape for the RaE spectrum. Although the tensor and polar vector theories are equally favored by the evidence of the energy distributions, the fact that the tensor theory leads to Gamow-Teller selection rules perhaps make it preferable.

130 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it is shown that the conserved current theory is consistent with Bi/sup 210/ beta decay by comparing theoretical predictions with experimental data obtained from electron polarization and spectrum measurements.
Abstract: lt is shown that the conserved current theory ia consistent with Bi/sup 210/ beta decay. This assertion is made by comparing theoretical predictions with experimental data obtained from electron polarization and spectrum measurements. The Coulomb terms are evaluated. The conserved and nonconserved theories are differentiated by the presence or absence of the exchange contributions. This analysis leads to a large disagreement between the shell- model prediction and the phenomenological nuclear matrix elements. The origin of the dissgreement is discussed. Several possible effects of the meson-cloud beta decay in a nucleus are also surveyed. (auth)

108 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a theory for the gross properties of the nuclear a-decay is developed, where summations over final states are replaced by integrations, and the average of the squared absolute value of a nuclear matrix element times the final level density is investigated instead of individual matrix elements.
Abstract: A theory for the gross properties of the nuclear a-decay is developed. In order to treat the gross features, summations over final states are replaced by integrations, and the average of the squared absolute value of the nuclear matrix element times the final level density Cthis quantity is denoted by IMaCE) \2 where -E is the decay energy) is investigated instead of individual matrix elements. First, the general slowness of the allowed a-decay is qualitatively demonstrated by the use of sum rules. Next, a model is set up in order to make quantitative calculations. In this model, an existence of "single-nucleon energies E" is assumed, and each nucleon is assumed to make a "transition" with probability DQ CE, E) as a result of the opera­ tion of the single-particle a-decay operator. IMaCE) 12 is given as an integral with respect to E, whose integrand is the product of DaCE, E) and the distribution function of nucleons over E. Some interference effects are neglected, and the exclusion principle is introduced not in the integrand but in the lower limit of the integration domain. The half-lives of allowed a-decays are calculated with this model. At first, the Fermi gas model is used to evaluate the ene;gy distribution of the single-nucleons. With some trial forms of Da CE, E), a reasonable agreement with experiment is obtained for odd-mass nuclei, especially for nuclei with high Q-values. Secondly, the even-odd mass difference is taken into account in a simplified way to refine the treatment of even-mass nuclei. The results show that the majority of allowed a-decays can be explained to a considerable degree by the gross theory which is utterly dif­ ferent from current theories of a-decay.

106 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors derived approximate beta strength functions from measurements of the electroncapture beta feed to the high-lying excited states in about 40 neutron-deficient nuclei.

95 citations