Beyond aerobic glycolysis : Transformed cells can engage in glutamine metabolism that exceeds the requirement for protein and nucleotide synthesis
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...Most proliferating cells depend on a continuous supply of glutamine to maintain the integrity of TCA cycle intermediates (DeBerardinis et al., 2007)....
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...Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy using 13C-labeled substrates has revealed the use of glutamine as the major anaplerotic precursor in proliferating glioma cells in both rats (Portais et al., 1996) and humans (DeBerardinis et al., 2007)....
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...While the role of glutamine as a nitrogen donor is important for the proliferation of these cells, their viability depends on glutamine as a carbon source for mitochondrial metabolism (DeBerardinis et al., 2007; Fan et al., 2010; Gao et al., 2009; Wise et al., 2008; Yuneva et al., 2007)....
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...While critical fluxes have been quantified in cultured cancer cells, and methods for these analyses continue to improve (DeBerardinis et al., 2007; Mancuso et al., 2004; Yuan et al., 2008), many obstacles remain, such as cellular compartmentalization and the reliance of most cell culture on…...
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