Journal ArticleDOI
Beyond BACI: Experimental designs for detecting human environmental impacts on temporal variations in natural populations
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TLDR
New sampling designs to detect impacts that cause changes in temporal variance in abundance of populations, rather than their means, are described, effective at distinguishing pulse and press episodes of disturbance.Abstract:
Biological effects of environmental impacts are usually defined simplistically in terms of changes in the mean of some biological variable. Many types of impact do not necessarily change long-run mean abundances. Here, designs for detection of environmental impact are reviewed and some of their shortcomings noted. New sampling designs to detect impacts that cause changes in temporal variance in abundance of populations, rather than their means, are described. These designs are effective at distinguishing pulse and press episodes of disturbance and could be used for other variables of interest (size, reproductive state, rate of growth, number of species, etc.) for monitoring. The designs require sampling different time-scales before and after a proposed development that might cause impact. Cases are discussed in which there is a single control location. Inadequacies of this approach for detection of environmental impact are mentioned, with some discussion of the consequences for management of impacts that cause temporal change rather than alterations of the mean abundance of a population.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Non-parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure
TL;DR: Which elements of this often-quoted strategy for graphical representation of multivariate (multi-species) abundance data have proved most useful in practical assessment of community change resulting from pollution impact are identified.
Journal ArticleDOI
Distance‐based redundancy analysis: testing multispecies responses in multifactorial ecological experiments
TL;DR: It is the view that distance-based RDA will be extremely useful to ecologists measuring multispecies responses to structured multifactorial experimental designs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Navigating the multiple meanings of β diversity: a roadmap for the practicing ecologist
Marti J. Anderson,Thomas O. Crist,Jonathan M. Chase,Mark Vellend,Brian D. Inouye,Amy L. Freestone,Nathan J. Sanders,Howard V. Cornell,Liza S. Comita,Kendi F. Davies,Susan Harrison,Nathan J. B. Kraft,James C. Stegen,Nathan G. Swenson +13 more
TL;DR: A roadmap of the most widely used and ecologically relevant approaches for analysis through a series of mission statements is provided, distinguishing two types of β diversity: directional turnover along a gradient vs. non-directional variation.
Journal ArticleDOI
On Beyond Baci: Sampling Designs That Might Reliably Detect Environmental Disturbances
TL;DR: In this article, the power of tests using asymmetrical designs is shown to be great for non-interactive sets of abundances, but greatest for pulse (short-term) responses to disturbances, large alterations of temporal variance, or combinations of temporal variances, or combination of sustained, press responses in mean abundance coupled with altered temporal heterogeneity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Beyond BACI: the detection of environmental impacts on populations in the real, but variable, world
TL;DR: In these novel designs, asymmetrical designs are developed that compare the temporal change in a potentially impacted location with those in a randomly-selected set of control locations, to demonstrate whether an usual pattern of temporalchange in abundance of organisms is specific to the supposedly impacted location and correlated with the onset of the disturbance.
References
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TL;DR: The concepts of power analysis are discussed in this paper, where Chi-square Tests for Goodness of Fit and Contingency Tables, t-Test for Means, and Sign Test are used.
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Pseudoreplication and the Design of Ecological Field Experiments
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