Beyond dietary fiber
01 Oct 1991-The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (American Society for Nutrition)-Vol. 54, Iss: 4, pp 615-617
TL;DR: The addition of a reasonable amount of high-fiber food to the diet not only adds dietary fiber but many digestible, caloric macronutrients that alter the entire diet composition.
About: This article is published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.The article was published on 1991-10-01. It has received 8 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Resistant starch.
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TL;DR: The authors found that frequent consumption of nuts was associated with a reduced risk of ischemic heart disease and explored possible explanations for this finding, and studied the effects of nut consumption on serum lipids and blood pressure, finding that 20 percent of the calories of one diet (the walnut diet) were derived from walnuts (offset by lesser amounts of fatty foods, meat, and visible fat [oils, margarine, and butter]).
Abstract: Background In a recent six-year follow-up study, we found that frequent consumption of nuts was associated with a reduced risk of ischemic heart disease. To explore possible explanations for this finding, we studied the effects of nut consumption on serum lipids and blood pressure. Methods We randomly placed 18 healthy men on two mixed natural diets, each diet to be followed for four weeks. Both diets conformed to the National Cholesterol Education Program Step 1 diet and contained identical foods and macronutrients, except that 20 percent of the calories of one diet (the walnut diet) were derived from walnuts (offset by lesser amounts of fatty foods, meat, and visible fat [oils, margarine, and butter]). Results With the reference diet, the mean (±SD) serum values for total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were, respectively, 182 ±23, 112 ±16, and 47 ±11 mg per deciliter (4.71 ±0.59, 2.90 ±0.41, and 1.22 ±0.28 mmol per liter). With the walnut diet, the mean to...
383 citations
TL;DR: The data suggest the presence of an appetite depressant in avocado and that avocado pulp interferes with hepatic fat metabolism in male rats fed normal and hypercholesterolemic diets.
Abstract: The potential use of avocado as a fiber source was evaluated. The total dietary fiber content of fresh avocado fruit of the Ettinger variety was 5.2 g/100 g. Approximately 75% was insoluble, and 25% soluble. The water-holding capacity of dry defatted avocado pulp was similar to that of cellulose, and trypsin inhibitors were not detected. The dietary and metabolic consequences of the avocado pulp were studied in male rats fed normal and hypercholesterolemic diets. Rats consumed semipurified diets containing either avocado pulp as the dietary fiber source or cellulose (control) with or without 10 g/kg cholesterol and 5 g/kg cholic acid. Food consumption and body weight gain were lower in rats fed avocado compared with those fed cellulose. Relative cecum weight was higher in avocado-fed rats. Plasma and hepatic cholesterol levels did not differ in rats fed diets without cholesterol, but plasma cholesterol was greater in avocado-fed than in cellulose-fed rats that consumed cholesterol. Regardless of dietary cholesterol, hepatic total fat levels, as evaluated histologically, but not directly, were lower in avocado-fed rats. These data suggest the presence of an appetite depressant in avocado and that avocado pulp interferes with hepatic fat metabolism.
70 citations
TL;DR: Despite differences in origin, chemistry, particle size, and subject transit time, the WB and VF were similar in NDF fermentability, and molar ratios of specific SCFAs were influenced by type of fiber ingested.
Abstract: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are products of dietary fiber fermentation. As such, fiber digestibility is thought to be related to SCFA production. The effects of two concentrations of cereal fiber as wheat bran (WB) and vegetable fiber (VF) on fiber digestibility were examined in 34 free-living volunteers. Five diets consisting of a fiber-free liquid nutrition supplement and quick breads containing either (1) 0 g of fiber, (2) 10 g of WB, (3) 30 g of WB, (4) 10 g of VF, or (5) 30 g of VF were consumed in random order. Apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was determined. Colonic fluid, collected by in vivo dialysis in 9 subjects, was analyzed for SCFAs by gas chromatography. Digestibility of NDF was greater with WB than with VF ingestion in those 9 subjects, but digestibility was not different with ingestion of both fibers when all 34 subjects were considered. No effect of intake level was seen with either WB or VF. Fiber ingestion increased acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentra...
42 citations
TL;DR: Neither calcium polycarbophil nor psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid are likely to cause malabsorption of LT4 that could be detected by these methods.
Abstract: To determine the effect of pharmacological fiber supplements, we measured levothyroxine (LT4) absorption without and with simultaneous ingestion of either calcium polycarbophil or psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid. Serum thyroxine (T4) levels in 8 volunteers were measured following ingestion of 600 microg of LT4 on 3 separate occasions at 4-week intervals: (1) LT4 alone; (2) LT4 together with 1000 mg polycarbophil; and (3) LT4 together with 3.4 g psyllium. The amount of absorbed LT4 was calculated as the incremental rise in serum T4 level during the first 6 hours multiplied by the volume of distribution for the hormone, and expressed as a percentage of the dose administered. Absorption of LT4 alone averaged 89% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 75%-104%), occurring at a median of 180 minutes. After simultaneous ingestion of calcium polycarbophil, LT4 absorption was 86% (95% CI: 74%-97%), occurring at 180 minutes. With simultaneous ingestion of psyllium and LT4, the absorption was 80% (95% CI: 64%-95%), occurring at 240 minutes. In summary, neither calcium polycarbophil nor psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid are likely to cause malabsorption of LT4 that could be detected by these methods.
42 citations
Dissertation•
01 Jul 2013
TL;DR: A chronology of key events and points of contention leading to and after the creation of the atomic bombs in World War Two is presented.
Abstract: II DEDICATION V AKNOWLEDGMENT VI TABLE OF CONTENTS VIII LIST OF FIGURES XIV LIST OF TABLES XV LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS XVI CHAPTER ONE 1
9 citations