Bias reduction of maximum likelihood estimates
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Cites background or methods from "Bias reduction of maximum likelihoo..."
...By using this modi cation Firth [19] showed that the O(n−1) bias of maximum likelihood...
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...order to reduce the small sample bias of these estimates Firth [19] suggested basing estimation on modi ed score equations...
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...Estimation of standard errors can be based on the roots of the diagonal elements of I(̂)−1, which is a rst-order approximation to {−92 log L∗=(9 )2}−1 (see Firth, reference [19], p....
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...In the following section we rst review some principal ideas of Firth [19], then deal with their implementation in logistic regression (FL), and, nally, suggest con dence intervals based on the pro le penalized likelihood....
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