Big Data in Smart Farming – A review
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review of the state-of-the-art of Big Data applications in Smart Farming and identify the related socio-economic challenges to be addressed.
About: This article is published in Agricultural Systems.The article was published on 2017-05-01 and is currently open access. It has received 1477 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Big data & Supply chain.
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15 Jul 2021
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the current challenges faced by biomass supply chains and discuss potential opportunities that may arise for biomass supply chain in a post-COVID-19 world with a specific focus on how the resiliency of biomass supplychains in six areas (i.e., supply availability, digitalization and automation, collaboration within the supply chain, community focused energy production, social challenges and opportunities, and policy) can be improved in the post-pandemic scenario.
Abstract: Since the dawn of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have seen increasing disruption in several economic sectors, especially the energy sector. This has forced decision-makers in the energy sector to reconsider how should the sector operate. With stumbling crude oil prices, it is evident that there is a need for a radical change in the way energy resources are utilized. This is where renewable energy supply chains such as biomass supply chains can play an important role. Biomass supply chains have been identified as a potential answer to the current issues faced by the energy sector that is still heavily reliant on fossil fuel. As such, this paper aims to examine the current challenges faced by biomass supply chains. Alongside this, potential opportunities that may arise for biomass supply chains in a post-COVID-19 world are also discussed with a specific focus on how the resiliency of biomass supply chains in six areas (i.e., supply availability, digitalization and automation, collaboration within the supply chain, community-focused energy production, social challenges and opportunities, and policy) can be improved in the post-pandemic scenario.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors developed a sensor that can simultaneously measure soil water content (θ), electrical conductivity (σb), temperature, and matric potential (ψ).
Abstract: Owing to the increasing popularity of smart agriculture in recent years, it is necessary to develop a single sensor that can measure several soil properties, particularly the soil water content and matric potential. Therefore, in this study, we developed a sensor that can simultaneously measure soil water content (θ), electrical conductivity (σb), temperature, and matric potential (ψ). The proposed sensor can determine θ and σb using time domain transmissiometry and can determine ψ based on the capacitance of the accompanying ceramic plate. A series of laboratory and field tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of the sensor. The sensor output values were correlated with the soil properties, and the temperature dependence of the sensor outputs was evaluated. Additionally, field tests were conducted to measure transient soil conditions over a long period. The results show that the developed sensor can measure each soil property with acceptable accuracy. Moreover, the root-mean-square errors of the sensor and reference values were 1.7 for the dielectric constant (which is equivalent to θ), 62 mS m−1 for σb, and 0.05–0.88 for log ψ. The temperature dependence was not a problem, except when ψ was below −100 kPa. The sensor can be used for long-term measurements in agricultural fields and exhibited sufficient lifetime and performance. We believe that the developed sensor can contribute to smart agriculture and research on heat and mass transfer in soil.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a hybrid genetic algorithm is proposed for query path optimization in RDF queries, which selects an initial population using iterative improvement to reduce the initial solution space for the genetic algorithm.
Abstract: Resource Description Framework (RDF) inherently supports data mergers from various resources into a single federated graph that can become very large even for an application of modest size. This results in severe performance degradation in the execution of RDF queries. As every RDF query essentially traverses a graph to find the output of the Query, an efficient path traversal reduces the execution time of RDF queries. Hence, query path optimization is required to reduce the execution time as well as the cost of a query. Query path optimization is an NP-hard problem that cannot be solved in polynomial time. Genetic algorithms have proven to be very useful in optimization problems. We propose a hybrid genetic algorithm for query path optimization. The proposed algorithm selects an initial population using iterative improvement thus reducing the initial solution space for the genetic algorithm. The proposed algorithm makes significant improvements in the overall performance. We show that the overall number of joins for complex queries is reduced considerably, resulting in reduced cost.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new perspective for the concept of Food Informatics as a supportive discipline that subsumes the incorporation of information technology, mainly IoT and AI, in order to support the variety of aspects tangent to the food production process and delineate it from other, existing research streams in the domain.
Abstract: Background: The increasing population of humans, changing food consumption behavior, as well as the recent developments in the awareness for food sustainability, lead to new challenges for the production of food. Advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, including Machine Learning and data analytics, might help to account for these challenges. Scope and Approach: Several research perspectives, among them Precision Agriculture, Industrial IoT, Internet of Food, or Smart Health, already provide new opportunities through digitalization. In this paper, we review the current state-of-the-art of the mentioned concepts. An additional concept is Food Informatics, which so far is mostly recognized as a mainly data-driven approach to support the production of food. In this review paper, we propose and discuss a new perspective for the concept of Food Informatics as a supportive discipline that subsumes the incorporation of information technology, mainly IoT and AI, in order to support the variety of aspects tangent to the food production process and delineate it from other, existing research streams in the domain. Key Findings and Conclusions: Many different concepts related to the digitalization in food science overlap. Further, Food Informatics is vaguely defined. In this paper, we provide a clear definition of Food Informatics and delineate it from related concepts. We corroborate our new perspective on Food Informatics by presenting several case studies about how it can support the food production as well as the intermediate steps until its consumption, and further describe its integration with related concepts.
2 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed an integrated system that is capable of detecting health of crop through analysis of multi-spectral images captured through the IOT associated UAV and applied various machine learning is also applied to test the performance of their system and compared with the existing disease detection methods.
Abstract: The crop diseases can’t detected accurately by only analysing separate disease basis. Only with the help of making comprehensive analysis framework, users can get the predictions of most expected diseases. In this research, IOT and machine learning based technique capable of processing acquisition, analysis and detection of crop health information in the same platform is introduced. The proposed system supports distinguished services by monitoring crop and also managed its data, devices and models. This system also supports data sharing and communication with the help of IOT using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and maintains high communication standards even in bad communication environment. Therefore, IOT and machine learning ensures the high accuracy of disease prediction in crop. The proposed integrated system is capable of detecting health of crop through analysis of multi-spectral images captured through the IOT associated UAV. The various machine learning is also applied to test the performance of our system and compared with the existing disease detection methods.
2 citations
References
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01 Jan 1998
TL;DR: Porter's concept of the value chain disaggregates a company into "activities", or the discrete functions or processes that represent the elemental building blocks of competitive advantage as discussed by the authors, has become an essential part of international business thinking, taking strategy from broad vision to an internally consistent configuration of activities.
Abstract: COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE introduces a whole new way of understanding what a firm does. Porter's groundbreaking concept of the value chain disaggregates a company into 'activities', or the discrete functions or processes that represent the elemental building blocks of competitive advantage. Now an essential part of international business thinking, COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE takes strategy from broad vision to an internally consistent configuration of activities. Its powerful framework provides the tools to understand the drivers of cost and a company's relative cost position. Porter's value chain enables managers to isolate the underlying sources of buyer value that will command a premium price, and the reasons why one product or service substitutes for another. He shows how competitive advantage lies not only in activities themselves but in the way activities relate to each other, to supplier activities, and to customer activities. That the phrases 'competitive advantage' and 'sustainable competitive advantage' have become commonplace is testimony to the power of Porter's ideas. COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE has guided countless companies, business school students, and scholars in understanding the roots of competition. Porter's work captures the extraordinary complexity of competition in a way that makes strategy both concrete and actionable.
17,979 citations
"Big Data in Smart Farming – A revie..." refers background in this paper
...Business processes can be subdivided into primary and supporting business processes (Davenport, 1993; Porter, 1985)....
[...]
...Primary Business Processes are those involved in the creation of the product, its marketing and delivery to the buyer (Porter, 1985)....
[...]
...An important foundation of chain networks is the concept ‘value chain’, which is a systemof interlinked processes, each adding value to the product of service (Porter, 1985)....
[...]
Book•
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: Porter's concept of the value chain disaggregates a company into "activities", or the discrete functions or processes that represent the elemental building blocks of competitive advantage as mentioned in this paper, has become an essential part of international business thinking, taking strategy from broad vision to an internally consistent configuration of activities.
Abstract: COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE introduces a whole new way of understanding what a firm does. Porter's groundbreaking concept of the value chain disaggregates a company into 'activities', or the discrete functions or processes that represent the elemental building blocks of competitive advantage. Now an essential part of international business thinking, COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE takes strategy from broad vision to an internally consistent configuration of activities. Its powerful framework provides the tools to understand the drivers of cost and a company's relative cost position. Porter's value chain enables managers to isolate the underlying sources of buyer value that will command a premium price, and the reasons why one product or service substitutes for another. He shows how competitive advantage lies not only in activities themselves but in the way activities relate to each other, to supplier activities, and to customer activities. That the phrases 'competitive advantage' and 'sustainable competitive advantage' have become commonplace is testimony to the power of Porter's ideas. COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE has guided countless companies, business school students, and scholars in understanding the roots of competition. Porter's work captures the extraordinary complexity of competition in a way that makes strategy both concrete and actionable.
13,593 citations
Book•
01 Oct 1992
TL;DR: In this article, Davenport provides numerous examples of firms that have succeeded or failed in combining business change and technology initiatives and highlights the roles of new organizational structures and human resource programs in developing process innovation.
Abstract: The business environment of the 1990s demands significant changes in the way we do business. Simply formulating strategy is no longer sufficient; we must also design the processes to implement it effectively. The key to change is process innovation, a revolutionary new approach that fuses information technology and human resource management to improve business performance. The cornerstone to process innovation's dramatic results is information technology--a largely untapped resource, but a crucial "enabler" of process innovation. In turn, only a challenge like process innovation affords maximum use of information technology's potential. Davenport provides numerous examples of firms that have succeeded or failed in combining business change and technology initiatives. He also highlights the roles of new organizational structures and human resource programs in developing process innovation. Process innovation is quickly becoming the byword for industries ready to pull their companies out of modest growth patterns and compete effectively in the world marketplace.
4,474 citations
"Big Data in Smart Farming – A revie..." refers background in this paper
...Business processes can be subdivided into primary and supporting business processes (Davenport, 1993; Porter, 1985)....
[...]
Posted Content•
TL;DR: The Mechanisms of Governance as discussed by the authors is an important work in the field of transaction cost economics, a branch of the New Institutional Economics with which Oliver Williamson is especially associated.
Abstract: This book brings together in one place the work of one of our most respected economic theorists, on a field which he has played a large part in originating: the New Institutional Economics. Transaction cost economics, which studies the governance of contractual relations, is the branch of the New Institutional Economics with which Oliver Williamson is especially associated. Transaction cost economics takes issue with one of the fundamental building blocks in microeconomics: the theory of the firm. Whereas orthodox economics describes the firm in technological terms, as a production function, transaction cost economics describes the firm in organizational terms, as a governance structure. Alternative feasible forms of organization--firms, markets, hybrids, bureaus--are examined comparatively. The analytical action resides in the details of transactions and the mechanisms of governance. Transaction cost economics has had a pervasive influence on current economic thought about how and why institutions function as they do, and it has become a practical framework for research in organizations by representatives of a variety of disciplines. Through a transaction cost analysis, The Mechanisms of Governance shows how and why simple contracts give way to complex contracts and internal organization as the hazards of contracting build up. That complicates the study of economic organization, but a richer and more relevant theory of organization is the result. Many testable implications and lessons for public policy accrue to this framework. Applications of both kinds are numerous and growing. Written by one of the leading economic theorists of our time, The Mechanisms of Governance is sure to be an important work for years to come. It will be of interest to scholars and students of economics, organization, management, and law.
4,106 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: The Mechanisms of Governance as discussed by the authors is an important work in the field of transaction cost economics, a branch of the New Institutional Economics with which Oliver Williamson is especially associated.
Abstract: This book brings together in one place the work of one of our most respected economic theorists, on a field which he has played a large part in originating: the New Institutional Economics. Transaction cost economics, which studies the governance of contractual relations, is the branch of the New Institutional Economics with which Oliver Williamson is especially associated. Transaction cost economics takes issue with one of the fundamental building blocks in microeconomics: the theory of the firm. Whereas orthodox economics describes the firm in technological terms, as a production function, transaction cost economics describes the firm in organizational terms, as a governance structure. Alternative feasible forms of organization--firms, markets, hybrids, bureaus--are examined comparatively. The analytical action resides in the details of transactions and the mechanisms of governance. Transaction cost economics has had a pervasive influence on current economic thought about how and why institutions function as they do, and it has become a practical framework for research in organizations by representatives of a variety of disciplines. Through a transaction cost analysis, The Mechanisms of Governance shows how and why simple contracts give way to complex contracts and internal organization as the hazards of contracting build up. That complicates the study of economic organization, but a richer and more relevant theory of organization is the result. Many testable implications and lessons for public policy accrue to this framework. Applications of both kinds are numerous and growing. Written by one of the leading economic theorists of our time, The Mechanisms of Governance is sure to be an important work for years to come. It will be of interest to scholars and students of economics, organization, management, and law.
4,051 citations
"Big Data in Smart Farming – A revie..." refers background in this paper
...The choice of a particular network governance structure aims atmitigating all forms of contractual hazards foundbetween the different contracting parties in such away that transaction costs are minimized (Williamson, 1996)....
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