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Journal ArticleDOI

Binding energy and electronic properties in antimony clusters: Comparison with bismuth clusters

01 Sep 1989-Journal of Chemical Physics (American Institute of Physics)-Vol. 91, Iss: 5, pp 3100-3110
TL;DR: In this paper, the ionization potentials of Sb4n clusters are studied as a function of the size and the observed evolution confirms the nonmetallic character of their structure, and the possible metastable character of the Sb 4n structure is discussed and illustrated by experiments performed as the function of inert gas temperature in the clusters source.
Abstract: Antimony clusters are produced by the gas aggregation method. They are found to be built from Sb4 units. The Sb+4n clusters are demonstrated to relax their excess energy by evaporation of a tetramer and the binding energy of Sb4 in the cluster is measured to be about 1.3 eV, well below the binding energy of a Sb atom in the bulk (≊2.75 eV). The ionization potentials of Sb4n clusters are studied as a function of the size and the observed evolution confirms the nonmetallic character of their structure. These results are compared with those obtained for bismuth clusters which exhibit a very different behavior. Finally the possible metastable character of Sb4n structure is discussed and illustrated by experiments performed as a function of inert gas temperature in the clusters source.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the first stages of growth of thin films produced by low-energy cluster beam deposition (LECBD) on graphite are analyzed in the framework of new models including three physical ingredients, which are the deposition, the diffusion and the aggregation of the clusters.

121 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the electronic structure and chemical bonding of the pentapnictogen cluster anions, Pn5- (Pn = P, As, Sb, and Bi), were investigated using both photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations.
Abstract: The electronic structure and chemical bonding of the pentapnictogen cluster anions, Pn5- (Pn = P, As, Sb, and Bi), were investigated using both photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. Well-resolved photoelectron spectra were obtained for the anions at several photon energies and were analyzed according to the theoretical calculations. The ground state of all the Pn5- species was found to be the aromatic cyclic D5h structure with a C2v low-lying isomer. We found that the C2v isomer gains stability from P5- to Sb5-, consistent with the experimental observation of the coexistence of both isomers in the spectra of Sb5-. The valence molecular orbitals (MOs) of the D5h Pn5- were analyzed and compared to those of the aromatic C5H5- hydrocarbon. The same set of π-MOs is shown to be occupied in the D5h Pn5- and C5H5- species, except that the MO ordering is slightly different. Whereas the three π-MOs in C5H5- all lie above the σ-MOs, the third π orbital (1a2‘ ‘ in Pn5-) lies below the σ-MOs. The stab...

90 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a study of the metallic ion and electron emissions from protrusions of ∽2 nm size formed on top of a larger macroscopic base tip is presented.

67 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The preferential dissociation channels of singly and doubly charged antimony clusters have been determined from the unimolecular dissociation of energy rich cluster ions, using an ion stopping technique.
Abstract: The preferential dissociation channels of singly and doubly charged antimony clusters have been determined from the unimolecular dissociation of energy rich cluster ions, using an ion stopping technique. It is found that singly charged Sb+n clusters with 5≤n≤80 dissociate by loss of neutral molecules. Neutral dimer loss is observed for n=5, 6, 7 whereas for n≥8, Sb+n loses Sb4. The fragmentation of doubly charged Sb++n has been investigated above the critical size n++c=24 from which doubly charged clusters are detectable in mass spectra. On the time scale of the experiment, which is 1 μs≤t≤100 μs with respect to photoionization, the delayed Coulombic fission into two singly charged clusters competes with the evaporation of Sb4. It is shown that for the smaller Sb++n clusters with 26≤n≤36 the fission to two singly charged clusters is of relatively asymmetrical character, leading to the detachment of five and seven atom cationic fragments. In larger clusters n≥40 the fission is of more symmetrical character...

42 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI

23,110 citations

Book
01 Jan 1953
TL;DR: In this paper, the Hartree-Fock Approximation of many-body techniques and the Electron Gas Polarons and Electron-phonon Interaction are discussed.
Abstract: Mathematical Introduction Acoustic Phonons Plasmons, Optical Phonons, and Polarization Waves Magnons Fermion Fields and the Hartree-Fock Approximation Many-body Techniques and the Electron Gas Polarons and the Electron-phonon Interaction Superconductivity Bloch Functions - General Properties Brillouin Zones and Crystal Symmetry Dynamics of Electrons in a Magnetic Field: de Haas-van Alphen Effect and Cyclotron Resonance Magnetoresistance Calculation of Energy Bands and Fermi Surfaces Semiconductor Crystals I: Energy Bands, Cyclotron Resonance, and Impurity States Semiconductor Crystals II: Optical Absorption and Excitons Electrodynamics of Metals Acoustic Attenuation in Metals Theory of Alloys Correlation Functions and Neutron Diffraction by Crystals Recoilless Emission Green's Functions - Application to Solid State Physics Appendix: Perturbation Theory and the Electron Gas Index.

21,954 citations

Book
01 Jan 1945

5,804 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a mass spectra for sodium clusters of $N$ atoms per cluster, produced in a supersonic expansion with argon carrier gas, is presented. The spectra show large peaks or steps at $N=8, 20, 40, 58, \mathrm{and} 92$.
Abstract: Mass spectra are presented for sodium clusters of $N$ atoms per cluster ($N=4\ensuremath{-}100$) produced in a supersonic expansion with argon carrier gas. The spectra show large peaks or steps at $N=8, 20, 40, 58, \mathrm{and} 92$. These can be understood in terms of a one-electron shell model in which independent delocalized atomic $3s$ electrons are bound in a spherically symmetric potential well.

1,909 citations

Book ChapterDOI
K. Wade1
TL;DR: In this paper, the borane-carborane structural pattern has been studied in a wide range of other compounds, including metal clusters, metal-hydrocarbon 7∼ complexes, and various neutral or charged hydrocarbons.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This is one of two articles in this volume that is concerned with the borane-carborane structural pattern. In the other, Williams has shown how the pattern reflects the coordination number preferences of the various atoms involved. The purpose of the present article is to note some bonding implications of the pattern, and to show its relevance to a wide range of other compounds, including metal clusters, metal-hydrocarbon 7∼ complexes, and various neutral or charged hydrocarbons. Boranes and carboranes may be regarded as cluster compounds in the sense defined by Cotton; they contain a finite group or skeleton of atoms held together entirely, mainly, or at least to a significant extent by bonding directly between those atoms, even though some other atoms may be associated intimately with the cluster. Examples of their structural pattern, however, can be found far beyond the confines of what is normally regarded as cluster chemistry, so this survey includes many systems not commonly referred to as clusters.

1,235 citations