Bioactive constituents of the genus Aloe and their potential therapeutic and pharmacological applications: A review
TL;DR: This review presents an overview of the bioactive components of the Aloe genus with emphasis on their anti-diabetic potential and other pharmacological benefits, and the potential applications and constraints have been discussed.
Abstract: The therapeutic and pharmacological properties of plant bioactive constituents still continue to be the subject of many researches. Species of the Aloe genus have a history in folklore medicine and they have gained more attention over the years due to their various medicinal properties. Phytochemical studies have revealed that the Aloe species contain a number of constituents, such as polyphenols, phytosterols, polysaccharides, proteins, amino acids, chromones, and mineral elements. A comprehensive evidence-based review on the different constituents of Aloe species is needed in order to understand the benefits imparted by them. This review presents an overview of the bioactive components of the Aloe genus with emphasis on their anti-diabetic potential and other pharmacological benefits. This information will be beneficial for the advancement of new strategies of Aloe formulations with therapeutic and economical value in the near future. Furthermore, the potential applications and constraints have also been discussed so as to provide a wider prospect for research in this field for the benefit of the society.
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TL;DR: The dark side of Aloe vera is explored and summarized, subjected to various secondary metabolites present in it, with a need to come up with some mechanism to understand and suppress the formation of such toxic compounds completely.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the mechanism of action of Aloe vera and its two constituents (Carbohydrates and Polypeptides) in the alleviation of diabetes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats through a proteomics approach was investigated.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the composition of lyophilisates obtained from Aloe arborescens leaf gel at the age of one to four years and found that the one-year-old leaves were characterized by the highest content of aloin A and aloenin A while the content of polyphenols including phenolic acids, was higher in the leaves of older plants.
Abstract: The aim of the study is to evaluate the composition of lyophilisates obtained from Aloe arborescens leaf gel at the age of one to four years The leaves were obtained from controlled crops, which allowed to exclude environmental factors as variables It was confirmed that the lyophilisates obtained from different years of Aloe arborescens leaf gel varied in chromatographic analyses in terms of aloin A and aloenin A content (high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection HPLC-DAD, high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection HPLC-MS/MS) Similarly, while testing the phenolic acids and the sum of polyphenols content, differences in their levels in leaf gel lyophilisates from plants of individual years were observed (spectrophotometric method UV-VIS) The lyophilisate composition analysis showed that the one-year-old leaves were characterized by the highest content of aloin A and aloenin A While the content of polyphenols, including phenolic acids, was higher in the leaves of older plants The antioxidant potential of the tested lyophilisates was assessed simultaneously Regardless of the research model used (CUPRAC, DPPH, ABTS), an antioxidant effect was noted for Aloe arborescens leaves
7 citations
TL;DR: Aloe is a genus of flowering succulent plants (with above 500 species) found in the eastern Indian Ocean Islands, Madagascar, the Arabian Peninsula, and African continent as discussed by the authors and contains several phytoconstituents.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors developed novel Aloe Vera-based nanoemulsion gel containing erythromycin (AVNE) for enhanced topical bioavailability and improved wound healing process.
4 citations
References
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TL;DR: It is suggested that long term consumption of diets rich in plant polyphenols offer protection against development of cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, osteoporosis and neurodegenerative diseases.
Abstract: Polyphenols are secondary metabolites of plants and are generally involved in defense against ultraviolet radiation or aggression by pathogens. In the last decade, there has been much interest in the potential health benefits of dietary plant polyphenols as antioxidant. Epidemiological studies and associated meta-analyses strongly suggest that long term consumption of diets rich in plant polyphenols offer protection against development of cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, osteoporosis and neurodegenerative diseases. Here we present knowledge about the biological effects of plant polyphenols in the context of relevance to human health.
3,370 citations
"Bioactive constituents of the genus..." refers background in this paper
...Anti-hyperglycemic effect of Aloe polyphenols The polyphenols are known to exert their effect through their antioxidant properties (Pandey and Rizvi, 2009)....
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TL;DR: This review describes and discusses several approaches to selecting higher plants as candidates for drug development with the greatest possibility of success and identifies and discusses advantages and disadvantages of using plants as starting points for drugDevelopment, specifically those used in traditional medicine.
Abstract: In this review we describe and discuss several approaches to selecting higher plants as candidates for drug development with the greatest possibility of success. We emphasize the role of information derived from various systems of traditional medicine (ethnomedicine) and its utility for drug discovery purposes. We have identified 122 compounds of defined structure, obtained from only 94 species of plants, that are used globally as drugs and demonstrate that 80% of these have had an ethnomedical use identical or related to the current use of the active elements of the plant. We identify and discuss advantages and disadvantages of using plants as starting points for drug development, specifically those used in traditional medicine.
1,992 citations
"Bioactive constituents of the genus..." refers background in this paper
...The natural products have been used to isolate active constituents and some of these active leads have also been taken up for clinical trials (David et al., 2015; Fabricant and Farnsworth, 2001)....
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TL;DR: The aim of this review is to further highlight recently discovered effects and applications of the leaf gel of A. vera to enhance the intestinal absorption and bioavailability of co-administered compounds as well as enhancement of skin permeation.
Abstract: Many of the health benefits associated with Aloe vera have been attributed to the polysaccharides contained in the gel of the leaves. These biological activities include promotion of wound healing, antifungal activity, hypoglycemic or antidiabetic effects antiinflammatory, anticancer, immunomodulatory and gastroprotective properties. While the known biological activities of A. vera will be briefly discussed, it is the aim of this review to further highlight recently discovered effects and applications of the leaf gel. These effects include the potential of whole leaf or inner fillet gel liquid preparations of A. vera to enhance the intestinal absorption and bioavailability of co-administered compounds as well as enhancement of skin permeation. In addition, important pharmaceutical applications such as the use of the dried A. vera gel powder as an excipient in sustained release pharmaceutical dosage forms will be outlined.
889 citations
"Bioactive constituents of the genus..." refers background in this paper
...The dry weight solid material consists of a range of compounds, including water-soluble and fatsoluble vitamins, minerals, enzymes, mono (Femenia et al., 1999) and polysaccharides, lignin, proteins, polypeptides, phenolic compounds, and organic acids (Boudreau and Beland, 2006; Hamman, 2008)....
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...The gel of A. vera consists of around 200 active constituents such as saccharides, polyphenols, flavonoids, glycoproteins, minerals, vitamins, anthraquinones, lipids, amino acids, and enzymes (Hamman, 2008)....
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TL;DR: Research since the 1986 review has largely upheld the therapeutic claims made in the earlier papers and indeed extended them into other areas and a common theme running though much recent research is the immunomodulatory properties of the gel polysaccharides, especially the acetylated mannans from Aloe vera, which are now a proprietary substance covered by many patents.
815 citations
"Bioactive constituents of the genus..." refers background in this paper
...Some of the anthraquinones present in the lead part are Aloin, Aloe emodin, aloesaponarin, chrysophanol, and isoxanthorin (Reynolds and Dweck, 1999)....
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...Mostly, the gel portion of the plant is used for the treatment of diseases and disorders (Reynolds and Dweck, 1999)....
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...They are also reported to have a role in angiogenesis and hence are used in would healing process (Awad et al., 2007; Reynolds and Dweck, 1999)....
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...The biological activities of several Aloe species have been reviewed by Reynolds and Dweck (1999) and their relationship between the components and biological effects have been reported by Choi and Chung (2003)....
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TL;DR: A brief overview on the current tissue engineering is given, covering the fundamentals and applications, and some critical problems to be resolved for the advances of tissue engineering are addressed from the engineering point of view.
Abstract: Almost 30 years have passed since a term ‘tissue engineering’ was created to represent a new concept that focuses on regeneration of neotissues from cells with the support of biomaterials and growth factors. This interdisciplinary engineering has attracted much attention as a new therapeutic means that may overcome the drawbacks involved in the current artificial organs and organ transplantation that have been also aiming at replacing lost or severely damaged tissues or organs. However, the tissues regenerated by this tissue engineering and widely applied to patients are still very limited, including skin, bone, cartilage, capillary and periodontal tissues. What are the reasons for such slow advances in clinical applications of tissue engineering? This article gives the brief overview on the current tissue engineering, covering the fundamentals and applications. The fundamentals of tissue engineering involve the cell sources, scaffolds for cell expansion and differentiation and carriers for growth factors. Animal and human trials are the major part of the applications. Based on these results, some critical problems to be resolved for the advances of tissue engineering are addressed from the engineering point of view, emphasizing the close collaboration between medical doctors and biomaterials scientists.
734 citations
"Bioactive constituents of the genus..." refers background in this paper
...Attention has also been focused on tissue engineering, wherein growth factors and biomaterials have been employed for regeneration (Ikada, 2006)....
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