Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers: 2000–2010
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of literature on bio-fiber reinforced composites is presented in this paper, where the overall characteristics of reinforcing fibers used in biocomposites, including source, type, structure, composition, as well as mechanical properties, are reviewed.
About: This article is published in Progress in Polymer Science.The article was published on 2012-11-01. It has received 3074 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Biocomposite & Transfer molding.
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TL;DR: Lignin is one of the three major components found in the cell walls of natural lignocellulosic materials and is widely available as a major byproduct of a number of industries involved in retrieving the polysaccharide components of plants for industrial applications, such as in paper making, ethanol production from biomass, etc.
Abstract: Rising environmental concerns and depletion of petro-chemical resources has resulted in an increased interest in biorenewable polymer-based environmentally friendly materials. Among biorenewable polymers, lignin is the second most abundant and fascinating natural polymer next to cellulose. Lignin is one of the three major components found in the cell walls of natural lignocellulosic materials. Lignin is widely available as a major byproduct of a number of industries involved in retrieving the polysaccharide components of plants for industrial applications, such as in paper making, ethanol production from biomass, etc. The impressive properties of lignin, such as its high abundance, low weight, environmentally friendliness and its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and biodegradable nature, along with its CO2 neutrality and reinforcing capability, make it an ideal candidate for the development of novel polymer composite materials. Considerable efforts are now being made to effectively utilize waste lignin as one ...
1,065 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the most appropriate and widely used natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) and their applications is presented in this paper. But, the results of the review are limited due to the high water absorption, inferior fire resistance, and lower mechanical properties of NFPCs.
Abstract: Natural fibers are getting attention from researchers and academician to utilize in polymer composites due to their ecofriendly nature and sustainability. The aim of this review article is to provide a comprehensive review of the foremost appropriate as well as widely used natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) and their applications. In addition, it presents summary of various surface treatments applied to natural fibers and their effect on NFPCs properties. The properties of NFPCs vary with fiber type and fiber source as well as fiber structure. The effects of various chemical treatments on the mechanical and thermal properties of natural fibers reinforcements thermosetting and thermoplastics composites were studied. A number of drawbacks of NFPCs like higher water absorption, inferior fire resistance, and lower mechanical properties limited its applications. Impacts of chemical treatment on the water absorption, tribology, viscoelastic behavior, relaxation behavior, energy absorption flames retardancy, and biodegradability properties of NFPCs were also highlighted. The applications of NFPCs in automobile and construction industry and other applications are demonstrated. It concluded that chemical treatment of the natural fiber improved adhesion between the fiber surface and the polymer matrix which ultimately enhanced physicomechanical and thermochemical properties of the NFPCs.
1,022 citations
Cites background from "Biocomposites reinforced with natur..."
...This structure gives to thermoset polymer good properties such as high flexibility for tailoring desired ultimate properties, great strength, and modulus [3, 4]....
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...At 65% humidity at 21C, the equilibrium moisture content of some natural fiber can be observed in Table 4 [4]....
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...The plants, which produce cellulose fibers can be classified into bast fibers (jute, flax, ramie, hemp, and kenaf), seed fibers (cotton, coir, and kapok), leaf fibers (sisal, pineapple, and abaca), grass and reed fibers (rice, corn, and wheat), and core fibers (hemp, kenaf, and jute) as well as all other kinds (wood and roots) [4]....
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...Table 1: Natural fibers in the world and their world production [4]....
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...Table 2: Chemical composition of some common natural fibers [4]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a brief outline of work that covers in the area of biocomposites, major class of biodegradable polymers, natural fibres, as well as their manufacturing techniques and properties has been highlighted.
Abstract: The growing ecological and environmental consciousness has driven efforts for development of new innovative materials for various end-use applications. Polymers synthesized from natural resources, have gained considerable research interest in the recent years. This review paper is intended to provide a brief outline of work that covers in the area of biocomposites, major class of biodegradable polymers, natural fibres, as well as their manufacturing techniques and properties has been highlighted. Various surface modification methods were incorporated to improve the fibre–matrix adhesion resulting in the enhancement of mechanical properties of the biocomposites. Moreover, an economical impact and future direction of these materials has been critically reviewed. This review concludes that the biocomposites form one of the emerging areas in polymer science that gain attention for use in various applications ranging from automobile to the building industries.
894 citations
TL;DR: The prime aim of this review article is to demonstrate the recent development and emerging applications of natural cellulose fibers and their polymer materials.
775 citations
TL;DR: It is evident from the literature survey presented herein that modified cellulose-based adsorbents exhibit good potential for the removal of various aquatic pollutants, however, still there is a need to find out the practical utility of these adsorbent on a commercial scale, leading to the improvement of pollution control.
747 citations
Additional excerpts
...4 glycosidic linkages (Faruk et al., 2012; Henriksson and Berglund, 2007; O'Connell et al., 2008) (Fig....
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References
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TL;DR: In this article, a simple but effective fiber treatment (i.e., alkalization) was proposed to enable a better adhesion between flax fibres and epoxy matrix.
Abstract: Present-day industry takes an interest in environment friendly materials, due to economic and ecological reasons. The use of natural materials in composite parts fits well into this picture: plant fibres that reinforce polymer matrices can replace glass fibres in many cases, although applications are often limited to non-structural parts. The poor interface in a non-treated natural fibre reinforced composite prevents the parts to be used to their full capacity. Consequently, this study concentrates on a simple but effective fibre treatment (i.e. alkalisation) that will enable a better adhesion between flax fibres and epoxy matrix. Parameters such as time and concentration are being optimised, in order to develop a continuous process for the treatment and resin impregnation of unidirectional flax fibre epoxy composites. This paper shows a clear improvement of the mechanical properties of the resulting material: e.g. a mild treatment in a 4% NaOH solution for 45 s will increase the transverse composite strength up to 30%.
402 citations
"Biocomposites reinforced with natur..." refers background in this paper
...The effect of bio-technical fiber modification [27], fracture behavior and toughness [28], the influence of alkaline fiber treatment on unidirectional composites [29], the effect of processing parameters [30] on the consecutive decortication stages of flax fibers (retting, scutching, and hackling) on the flax fiber reinforced epoxy composites have also been evaluated....
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TL;DR: In this paper, surface modifications of two varieties of jute fabrics, i.e. hessian cloth (HC) and carpet backing cloth (CBC), involving dewaxing, alkali treatment, cyanoethylation and grafting, have been made with a view to their use as reinforcing agents in composites based on a biodegradable polymeric matrix, Biopol.
402 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the cellulose nanofibrils were extracted from wheat straw using steam explosion, acidic treatment and high shear mechanical treatment, and the results confirmed the crystalline nature of the fiber.
400 citations
TL;DR: The influence of different flax-fiber separation methods and several modifications, and such a treatment followed by alkaline purification as well as polypropylene grafting on the fiber surface morphology, surface area and time- and pH-depending ζ-potentials were studied.
Abstract: The surface characteristics of several natural fibers—flax, hemp and cellulose—were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, BET-surface area and zeta (ζ-) potential measurements. ζ-Potential measurements using the streaming potential method were performed in order to study the water uptake behavior as well as the surface properties of several natural fibers. The influence of different flax-fiber separation methods and several modifications, like industrial purification, and such a treatment followed by alkaline purification as well as polypropylene grafting on the fiber surface morphology, surface area and time- and pH-depending ζ-potentials were studied. The time-dependence of the ζ-potential, measured in 1 mM KCl solution, offeres and alternative possibility to estimate the water uptake behavior for nearly all investigated natural fibers. The water uptake data derived from the ζ-potential measurements (ζ = f(t)) were compared with data from conventional water adsorption studies for some chosen examples.
386 citations
"Biocomposites reinforced with natur..." refers background in this paper
...The effectiveness of MAH as coupling agent has discussed also on thermal and crystallization properties of sisal fiber/PP composites [226], tensile properties of hildegardia fiber/PP composites [227], wetting behavior of flax fiber/PP composites [228], transcrystallinity of jute fiber/PP composites [229], surface properties and water uptake behavior of flax, hemp fiber reinforced PP composites [230], effects of micro-sized cellulose based corn fibers as reinforcement agents in PP composites [231], and dynamic mechanical properties of flax and hemp fiber/PP composites [232]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a Web of Science Record created on 2013-02-27, modified on 2017-05-10 and used for EPFL-ARTICLE-184271.
Abstract: Reference EPFL-ARTICLE-184271doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2012.08.001View record in Web of Science Record created on 2013-02-27, modified on 2017-05-10
359 citations
"Biocomposites reinforced with natur..." refers methods in this paper
...Composites consisting of aliphatic polyester (Bionolle) with flax fibers were prepared via batch mixing [435]....
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