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Journal ArticleDOI

Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers: 2000–2010

TL;DR: A comprehensive review of literature on bio-fiber reinforced composites is presented in this paper, where the overall characteristics of reinforcing fibers used in biocomposites, including source, type, structure, composition, as well as mechanical properties, are reviewed.
About: This article is published in Progress in Polymer Science.The article was published on 2012-11-01. It has received 3074 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Biocomposite & Transfer molding.
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TL;DR: Lignin is one of the three major components found in the cell walls of natural lignocellulosic materials and is widely available as a major byproduct of a number of industries involved in retrieving the polysaccharide components of plants for industrial applications, such as in paper making, ethanol production from biomass, etc.
Abstract: Rising environmental concerns and depletion of petro-chemical resources has resulted in an increased interest in biorenewable polymer-based environmentally friendly materials. Among biorenewable polymers, lignin is the second most abundant and fascinating natural polymer next to cellulose. Lignin is one of the three major components found in the cell walls of natural lignocellulosic materials. Lignin is widely available as a major byproduct of a number of industries involved in retrieving the polysaccharide components of plants for industrial applications, such as in paper making, ethanol production from biomass, etc. The impressive properties of lignin, such as its high abundance, low weight, environmentally friendliness and its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and biodegradable nature, along with its CO2 neutrality and reinforcing capability, make it an ideal candidate for the development of novel polymer composite materials. Considerable efforts are now being made to effectively utilize waste lignin as one ...

1,065 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the most appropriate and widely used natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) and their applications is presented in this paper. But, the results of the review are limited due to the high water absorption, inferior fire resistance, and lower mechanical properties of NFPCs.
Abstract: Natural fibers are getting attention from researchers and academician to utilize in polymer composites due to their ecofriendly nature and sustainability. The aim of this review article is to provide a comprehensive review of the foremost appropriate as well as widely used natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) and their applications. In addition, it presents summary of various surface treatments applied to natural fibers and their effect on NFPCs properties. The properties of NFPCs vary with fiber type and fiber source as well as fiber structure. The effects of various chemical treatments on the mechanical and thermal properties of natural fibers reinforcements thermosetting and thermoplastics composites were studied. A number of drawbacks of NFPCs like higher water absorption, inferior fire resistance, and lower mechanical properties limited its applications. Impacts of chemical treatment on the water absorption, tribology, viscoelastic behavior, relaxation behavior, energy absorption flames retardancy, and biodegradability properties of NFPCs were also highlighted. The applications of NFPCs in automobile and construction industry and other applications are demonstrated. It concluded that chemical treatment of the natural fiber improved adhesion between the fiber surface and the polymer matrix which ultimately enhanced physicomechanical and thermochemical properties of the NFPCs.

1,022 citations


Cites background from "Biocomposites reinforced with natur..."

  • ...This structure gives to thermoset polymer good properties such as high flexibility for tailoring desired ultimate properties, great strength, and modulus [3, 4]....

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  • ...At 65% humidity at 21C, the equilibrium moisture content of some natural fiber can be observed in Table 4 [4]....

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  • ...The plants, which produce cellulose fibers can be classified into bast fibers (jute, flax, ramie, hemp, and kenaf), seed fibers (cotton, coir, and kapok), leaf fibers (sisal, pineapple, and abaca), grass and reed fibers (rice, corn, and wheat), and core fibers (hemp, kenaf, and jute) as well as all other kinds (wood and roots) [4]....

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  • ...Table 1: Natural fibers in the world and their world production [4]....

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  • ...Table 2: Chemical composition of some common natural fibers [4]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a brief outline of work that covers in the area of biocomposites, major class of biodegradable polymers, natural fibres, as well as their manufacturing techniques and properties has been highlighted.
Abstract: The growing ecological and environmental consciousness has driven efforts for development of new innovative materials for various end-use applications. Polymers synthesized from natural resources, have gained considerable research interest in the recent years. This review paper is intended to provide a brief outline of work that covers in the area of biocomposites, major class of biodegradable polymers, natural fibres, as well as their manufacturing techniques and properties has been highlighted. Various surface modification methods were incorporated to improve the fibre–matrix adhesion resulting in the enhancement of mechanical properties of the biocomposites. Moreover, an economical impact and future direction of these materials has been critically reviewed. This review concludes that the biocomposites form one of the emerging areas in polymer science that gain attention for use in various applications ranging from automobile to the building industries.

894 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The prime aim of this review article is to demonstrate the recent development and emerging applications of natural cellulose fibers and their polymer materials.

775 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is evident from the literature survey presented herein that modified cellulose-based adsorbents exhibit good potential for the removal of various aquatic pollutants, however, still there is a need to find out the practical utility of these adsorbent on a commercial scale, leading to the improvement of pollution control.

747 citations


Additional excerpts

  • ...4 glycosidic linkages (Faruk et al., 2012; Henriksson and Berglund, 2007; O'Connell et al., 2008) (Fig....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, composites of isotactic polypropylene (PP) with Hemp fibres, functionalized by means of melt grafting reactions with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and prepared by batch mixing, were examined.

289 citations


"Biocomposites reinforced with natur..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Composites of PP with hemp fibers, which were functionalized by means of melt grafting reactions with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and prepared by batch mixing, were examined [35]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the dynamic mechanical behavior of natural rubber and its composites reinforced with short coir fibers has been studied and the effect of chemical treatment of coir fiber on damping of composites was studied and it was found that composite with poor interfacial bonding tend to dissipate more energy than that with good interfacial binding.
Abstract: Dynamic mechanical behavior of natural rubber and its composites reinforced with short coir fibers has been studied. Maxima in tan δ, E″ and the middle point of E′ vs. temperature curves of the gum natural rubber compound at different frequencies almost coincide with one another. But the maxima in tan δ and E″ do not coincide in the case of composites. It is observed that as frequency increases the values of tan δ and E″ decrease whereas the values of E′ increase in the case of both gum and the composites. The values of E″ and tan δ increase with fiber incorporation, which indicates lower heat dissipation in the gum. Two prominent peaks are observed in the tan δ vs. temperature curve of these composites due to the dynamic mechanical behavior of matrix and fiber. The additional small peak represents the dynamic mechanical behavior at the interface. The effect of chemical treatment of coir fiber on damping of composites was studied and it was found that composite with poor interfacial bonding tend to dissipate more energy than that with good interfacial bonding.

287 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the thermal conductivity, diffusivity and specific heat of polyester/natural fiber composites were investigated as function of filler concentration and for several fibre surface treatments.

285 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of processing conditions on fibre length distribution and the dependence of the composite mechanical properties on fibre content are investigated, showing that there is no adhesion between matrix and fibres.
Abstract: Composites of an aliphatic polyester (Bionolle) with natural flax fibres are prepared by batch mixing. The effect of processing conditions on fibre length distribution and the dependence of the composite mechanical properties on fibre content are investigated. The tensile modulus changes with fibre content according to the modified rule-of-mixture equation, with a fibre orientation efficiency factor η 0 =0.194. The strength of Bionolle/flax composites tends to decrease with fibre loading, showing that there is no adhesion between matrix and fibres. With the aim to improve fibre–matrix adhesion, surface chemically modified flax fibres are also tested as reinforcing agents. A 30% strength increase is observed when natural fibres (25 vol%) are substituted by fibres containing acetate groups. No significant strength changes are observed in composites containing fibres with valerate groups or polyethylene glycol chains grafted at the surface.

283 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the mechanical properties of flax/polypropylene compounds, manufactured both with a batch kneading and an extrusion process, were determined and compared with the properties of Natural fibre Mat Thermoplastic (NMT) composites.
Abstract: The mechanical properties of flax/polypropylene compounds, manufactured both with a batch kneading and an extrusion process were determined and compared with the properties of Natural fibre Mat Thermoplastic (NMT) composites. The fibre length and width distributions of the fibres from the compounds were determined and used to model the expected properties of the materials, which led to reasonable predictions of the interfacial shear stress. It was found that, given their mechanical properties, flax fibres are quite effective in improving strength and stiffness of a compound and effective compatibilisation of the fibre/matrix interphase can be easily reached. The most important factor limiting the properties of the compounds lies in the intricate structure of the fibres themselves, after the interfacial strength is optimised, the internal fibre structure becomes the weakest point.

282 citations