Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers: 2000–2010
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of literature on bio-fiber reinforced composites is presented in this paper, where the overall characteristics of reinforcing fibers used in biocomposites, including source, type, structure, composition, as well as mechanical properties, are reviewed.
About: This article is published in Progress in Polymer Science.The article was published on 2012-11-01. It has received 3074 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Biocomposite & Transfer molding.
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TL;DR: Lignin is one of the three major components found in the cell walls of natural lignocellulosic materials and is widely available as a major byproduct of a number of industries involved in retrieving the polysaccharide components of plants for industrial applications, such as in paper making, ethanol production from biomass, etc.
Abstract: Rising environmental concerns and depletion of petro-chemical resources has resulted in an increased interest in biorenewable polymer-based environmentally friendly materials. Among biorenewable polymers, lignin is the second most abundant and fascinating natural polymer next to cellulose. Lignin is one of the three major components found in the cell walls of natural lignocellulosic materials. Lignin is widely available as a major byproduct of a number of industries involved in retrieving the polysaccharide components of plants for industrial applications, such as in paper making, ethanol production from biomass, etc. The impressive properties of lignin, such as its high abundance, low weight, environmentally friendliness and its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and biodegradable nature, along with its CO2 neutrality and reinforcing capability, make it an ideal candidate for the development of novel polymer composite materials. Considerable efforts are now being made to effectively utilize waste lignin as one ...
1,065 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the most appropriate and widely used natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) and their applications is presented in this paper. But, the results of the review are limited due to the high water absorption, inferior fire resistance, and lower mechanical properties of NFPCs.
Abstract: Natural fibers are getting attention from researchers and academician to utilize in polymer composites due to their ecofriendly nature and sustainability. The aim of this review article is to provide a comprehensive review of the foremost appropriate as well as widely used natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) and their applications. In addition, it presents summary of various surface treatments applied to natural fibers and their effect on NFPCs properties. The properties of NFPCs vary with fiber type and fiber source as well as fiber structure. The effects of various chemical treatments on the mechanical and thermal properties of natural fibers reinforcements thermosetting and thermoplastics composites were studied. A number of drawbacks of NFPCs like higher water absorption, inferior fire resistance, and lower mechanical properties limited its applications. Impacts of chemical treatment on the water absorption, tribology, viscoelastic behavior, relaxation behavior, energy absorption flames retardancy, and biodegradability properties of NFPCs were also highlighted. The applications of NFPCs in automobile and construction industry and other applications are demonstrated. It concluded that chemical treatment of the natural fiber improved adhesion between the fiber surface and the polymer matrix which ultimately enhanced physicomechanical and thermochemical properties of the NFPCs.
1,022 citations
Cites background from "Biocomposites reinforced with natur..."
...This structure gives to thermoset polymer good properties such as high flexibility for tailoring desired ultimate properties, great strength, and modulus [3, 4]....
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...At 65% humidity at 21C, the equilibrium moisture content of some natural fiber can be observed in Table 4 [4]....
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...The plants, which produce cellulose fibers can be classified into bast fibers (jute, flax, ramie, hemp, and kenaf), seed fibers (cotton, coir, and kapok), leaf fibers (sisal, pineapple, and abaca), grass and reed fibers (rice, corn, and wheat), and core fibers (hemp, kenaf, and jute) as well as all other kinds (wood and roots) [4]....
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...Table 1: Natural fibers in the world and their world production [4]....
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...Table 2: Chemical composition of some common natural fibers [4]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a brief outline of work that covers in the area of biocomposites, major class of biodegradable polymers, natural fibres, as well as their manufacturing techniques and properties has been highlighted.
Abstract: The growing ecological and environmental consciousness has driven efforts for development of new innovative materials for various end-use applications. Polymers synthesized from natural resources, have gained considerable research interest in the recent years. This review paper is intended to provide a brief outline of work that covers in the area of biocomposites, major class of biodegradable polymers, natural fibres, as well as their manufacturing techniques and properties has been highlighted. Various surface modification methods were incorporated to improve the fibre–matrix adhesion resulting in the enhancement of mechanical properties of the biocomposites. Moreover, an economical impact and future direction of these materials has been critically reviewed. This review concludes that the biocomposites form one of the emerging areas in polymer science that gain attention for use in various applications ranging from automobile to the building industries.
894 citations
TL;DR: The prime aim of this review article is to demonstrate the recent development and emerging applications of natural cellulose fibers and their polymer materials.
775 citations
TL;DR: It is evident from the literature survey presented herein that modified cellulose-based adsorbents exhibit good potential for the removal of various aquatic pollutants, however, still there is a need to find out the practical utility of these adsorbent on a commercial scale, leading to the improvement of pollution control.
747 citations
Additional excerpts
...4 glycosidic linkages (Faruk et al., 2012; Henriksson and Berglund, 2007; O'Connell et al., 2008) (Fig....
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References
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11 Jul 2008
TL;DR: In this article, natural fibres for composite applications: Types and properties Matrices for natural-fibre reinforced composites Engineering the fibre/matrix interface in natural fibre composites Processing techniques for natural and wood-fiber composites Development of non-wood natural fiber composites Cellulose nanocomposites.
Abstract: Part 1 Natural-fibre composites: Natural fibres for composite applications: Types and properties Matrices for natural-fibre reinforced composites Engineering the fibre/matrix interface in natural-fibre composites Processing techniques for natural and wood-fibre composites Development of non-wood natural-fibre composites Cellulose nanocomposites. Part 2 Case studies and opportunities: Natural-fibre composites in the automotive sector Natural-fibre composites in structural applications Natural-fibre-biodegradable polymer composites for packaging Opportunities for using wood and biofibers for energy, chemical feedstocks and structural applications Market issues and considerations in development of natural/wood-fibre composites. Part 3 Performance of natural-fibre composites: Mechanical testing of natural-fibre composites Mechanical performance of thermoplastic matrix natural fibre composites Long-term performance of natural-fibre composites Modelling natural-fibre composites.
262 citations
"Biocomposites reinforced with natur..." refers background in this paper
...The increasing number of publications during the recent ears including reviews [2–9] and books [10–14] reflect the rowing importance of these new biocomposites....
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TL;DR: BCs at the optimal 8% loading level exhibited a higher reinforcing efficiency for plasticized starch plastic than any other loading level and Tensile strength and Young's modulus of the starch/BCC composite films (SBC) were enhanced by the incorporation of the crystals due to reinforcement of BCCs and reduction of water uptake.
262 citations
"Biocomposites reinforced with natur..." refers methods in this paper
...Investigations were carried out using starch as the atrix of composites with kenaf, bagasse [357], curaua 358], coir [359], bamboo [360], sisal [361], hemp 362,363], abaca and bagasse [364] fibers, wheat straw bers [365], and kenaf fibers [366]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of impact fracture surfaces performed on polyester B composites clearly demonstrated better interfacial adhesion between fibre and matrix, and a moisture absorption test also showed that polyester b composites gave the most superior bonding and adhesion of all the other polyester-kenaf composites.
260 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the interfacial properties of extruded and compression moulded natural fiber reinforced thermoplastics (NFRTP) are studied using the single fibre fragmentation test (SFFT).
257 citations
"Biocomposites reinforced with natur..." refers background in this paper
...Sisal fiber reinforced PE [241] and HDPE [242,243] composites were examined regarding their interfacial properties, isothermal crystallization behavior and mechanical properties....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the thermal stability and kinetics of polypropene composites filled with 20 mass% vigorously grounded and mixed raw rice husks (RRH), BRHA, WRHA and Aerosil Degussa (AR) were studied.
Abstract: The thermal stability and kinetics of non-isothermal degradation of polypropene and polypropene composites filled with 20 mass% vigorously grounded and mixed raw rice husks (RRH), black rice husks ash (BRHA), white rice husks ash (WRHA) and Aerosil Degussa (AR) were studied. The calculation procedures of Coats - Redfern, Madhysudanan et al., Tang et al., Wanjun et al. and 27 model kinetic equations were used. The kinetics of thermal degradation were found to be best described by kinetic equations of n-th order (Fn mechanism). The kinetic parameters E, A, ΔS≠, ΔH≠ and ΔG≠ for all the samples studied were calculated. The highest values of n, E and A were obtained for the composites filled with WRHA and AR. A linear dependence between lnA and E was observed, known also as kinetic compensation effect. The results obtained were considered enough to conclude that the cheap RRH and the products of its thermal degradation BRHA and WRHA, after vigorously grounding and mixing, could successfully be used as fillers for polypropene instead of the much more expensive synthetic material Aerosil to prepare various polypropene composites.
256 citations