scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Journal ArticleDOI

Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers: 2000–2010

TL;DR: A comprehensive review of literature on bio-fiber reinforced composites is presented in this paper, where the overall characteristics of reinforcing fibers used in biocomposites, including source, type, structure, composition, as well as mechanical properties, are reviewed.
About: This article is published in Progress in Polymer Science.The article was published on 2012-11-01. It has received 3074 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Biocomposite & Transfer molding.
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Lignin is one of the three major components found in the cell walls of natural lignocellulosic materials and is widely available as a major byproduct of a number of industries involved in retrieving the polysaccharide components of plants for industrial applications, such as in paper making, ethanol production from biomass, etc.
Abstract: Rising environmental concerns and depletion of petro-chemical resources has resulted in an increased interest in biorenewable polymer-based environmentally friendly materials. Among biorenewable polymers, lignin is the second most abundant and fascinating natural polymer next to cellulose. Lignin is one of the three major components found in the cell walls of natural lignocellulosic materials. Lignin is widely available as a major byproduct of a number of industries involved in retrieving the polysaccharide components of plants for industrial applications, such as in paper making, ethanol production from biomass, etc. The impressive properties of lignin, such as its high abundance, low weight, environmentally friendliness and its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and biodegradable nature, along with its CO2 neutrality and reinforcing capability, make it an ideal candidate for the development of novel polymer composite materials. Considerable efforts are now being made to effectively utilize waste lignin as one ...

1,065 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the most appropriate and widely used natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) and their applications is presented in this paper. But, the results of the review are limited due to the high water absorption, inferior fire resistance, and lower mechanical properties of NFPCs.
Abstract: Natural fibers are getting attention from researchers and academician to utilize in polymer composites due to their ecofriendly nature and sustainability. The aim of this review article is to provide a comprehensive review of the foremost appropriate as well as widely used natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) and their applications. In addition, it presents summary of various surface treatments applied to natural fibers and their effect on NFPCs properties. The properties of NFPCs vary with fiber type and fiber source as well as fiber structure. The effects of various chemical treatments on the mechanical and thermal properties of natural fibers reinforcements thermosetting and thermoplastics composites were studied. A number of drawbacks of NFPCs like higher water absorption, inferior fire resistance, and lower mechanical properties limited its applications. Impacts of chemical treatment on the water absorption, tribology, viscoelastic behavior, relaxation behavior, energy absorption flames retardancy, and biodegradability properties of NFPCs were also highlighted. The applications of NFPCs in automobile and construction industry and other applications are demonstrated. It concluded that chemical treatment of the natural fiber improved adhesion between the fiber surface and the polymer matrix which ultimately enhanced physicomechanical and thermochemical properties of the NFPCs.

1,022 citations


Cites background from "Biocomposites reinforced with natur..."

  • ...This structure gives to thermoset polymer good properties such as high flexibility for tailoring desired ultimate properties, great strength, and modulus [3, 4]....

    [...]

  • ...At 65% humidity at 21C, the equilibrium moisture content of some natural fiber can be observed in Table 4 [4]....

    [...]

  • ...The plants, which produce cellulose fibers can be classified into bast fibers (jute, flax, ramie, hemp, and kenaf), seed fibers (cotton, coir, and kapok), leaf fibers (sisal, pineapple, and abaca), grass and reed fibers (rice, corn, and wheat), and core fibers (hemp, kenaf, and jute) as well as all other kinds (wood and roots) [4]....

    [...]

  • ...Table 1: Natural fibers in the world and their world production [4]....

    [...]

  • ...Table 2: Chemical composition of some common natural fibers [4]....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a brief outline of work that covers in the area of biocomposites, major class of biodegradable polymers, natural fibres, as well as their manufacturing techniques and properties has been highlighted.
Abstract: The growing ecological and environmental consciousness has driven efforts for development of new innovative materials for various end-use applications. Polymers synthesized from natural resources, have gained considerable research interest in the recent years. This review paper is intended to provide a brief outline of work that covers in the area of biocomposites, major class of biodegradable polymers, natural fibres, as well as their manufacturing techniques and properties has been highlighted. Various surface modification methods were incorporated to improve the fibre–matrix adhesion resulting in the enhancement of mechanical properties of the biocomposites. Moreover, an economical impact and future direction of these materials has been critically reviewed. This review concludes that the biocomposites form one of the emerging areas in polymer science that gain attention for use in various applications ranging from automobile to the building industries.

894 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The prime aim of this review article is to demonstrate the recent development and emerging applications of natural cellulose fibers and their polymer materials.

775 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is evident from the literature survey presented herein that modified cellulose-based adsorbents exhibit good potential for the removal of various aquatic pollutants, however, still there is a need to find out the practical utility of these adsorbent on a commercial scale, leading to the improvement of pollution control.

747 citations


Additional excerpts

  • ...4 glycosidic linkages (Faruk et al., 2012; Henriksson and Berglund, 2007; O'Connell et al., 2008) (Fig....

    [...]

References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, four coupling agents were selected to modify the surface of the rice husk in the composite materials, including two types of functionalized polymers [PP homopolymer grafted with maleic anhydride (MA-PP) and an elastomer styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer Grafted with MA(MA-SEBS)] and two bifunctional organometallic coupling agents (silane and titanate with linear low-density polyethylene as a carrier).
Abstract: Flour rice husk (FRH) was employed as a filler in block copolymer polypropylene (PPB) in order to prepare polymer-based reinforced composites. Four coupling agents were selected to modify the surface of the rice husk in the composite materials, including two types of functionalized polymers [PP homopolymer grafted with maleic anhydride (MA-PP) and an elastomer styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer grafted with MA (MA-SEBS)] and two bifunctional organometallic coupling agents (silane and titanate with linear low-density polyethylene as a carrier). The influence of each type of coupling agent on the interfacial bonding strength was studied by dynamic mechanical analysis, scanning electronic microscopy, and rheological tests. The results showed that strong interactions were formed between the coupling agents and the filler surface. The addition of a coupling agent with an elastomeric carrier (MA-SEBS) increased the loss tangent and reduced the storage modulus of the composite. A similar but less intense effect was observed for the titanate coupling agent. However, an antagonistic performance was obtained when MA-PP and silane were employed as coupling agents. In addition, when the percentage of MA-SEBS was increased, the impact properties of FRH/PPB blends were improved and the strength was reduced.

100 citations


"Biocomposites reinforced with natur..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Table 2 [182–184] hows the range of the average chemical constituents for a ide variety of plant types....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of the filler volume fraction on the tensile behavior of injection-molded rice husk-filled polypropylene (RH-PP) composites was studied.
Abstract: The effect of the filler volume fraction on the tensile behavior of injection-molded rice husk-filled polypropylene (RH–PP) composites was studied. Hygrothermal aging behavior was also investigated by immersing the specimens in distilled water at 30 and 90°C. The kinetics of moisture absorption was studied from the amount of water uptake by specimens at regular interval times. It was found that the diffusion coefficient and the maximum moisture content are dependent on the filler volume fraction and the immersion temperatures. Incorporation of RH into the PP matrix has led to a significant improvement in the tensile modulus and a moderate improvement in the tensile strength. Elongation at break and energy at break, on the other hand, decreased drastically with the incorporation of the RH filler. The extent of deterioration incurred by hygrothermal aging was dependent on the immersion temperature. Both the tensile strength and tensile modulus deteriorated as a result of the combined effect of thermal aging and moisture attack. Furthermore, the tensile properties were not recovered upon redrying of the specimens. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the mode of failure of the RH–PP composites. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 742–753, 2001

99 citations


"Biocomposites reinforced with natur..." refers background in this paper

  • ...[143–147] studied the mechanical properties of rice husk filled polymer composites and their relation to fiber loading, coupling agent, processability, hygrothermal aging, and hybridization effect....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a natural fiber extracted from the date palm tree was used as reinforcement for polymeric matrix composites, and the results showed that these fibers may yield reasonable properties and could be used for low-cost applications that require low to medium strength.
Abstract: Due to increased awareness on the part of end users and pressure from legislators, the composite industry has begun investigating the possibility of increasing the proportion of recycled or biodegradable composite materials. Accordingly, efforts are being deployed to find alternative reinforcement and resin systems that are environmentally friendly while providing the same performance as their synthetic counterparts. Natural fibers offer the potential to act as a reinforcing material for low to medium strength applications. In this study a natural fiber extracted from the date palm tree was used as reinforcement for polymeric matrix composites. Polyester composite specimens reinforced with date palm fibers (DPF) were subjected to various types of mechanical and physical tests in order to assess their performance. Results show that these fibers may yield reasonable properties and could be used for low-cost applications that require low to medium strength. Tests indicate, however, that additional work is needed to enhance the compatibility between the fiber and the matrix. POLYM. COMPOS., 26:604–613, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers

99 citations


"Biocomposites reinforced with natur..." refers background in this paper

  • ...The possibility of using date palm fibers as reinforcement in polyester composites was investigated [291]....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, short untreated and white rot fungi treated hemp fibre, polypropylene (PP) and maleated polypropylon (MAPP) coupling agent were extruded and injection moulded into composite tensile test specimens.

98 citations


"Biocomposites reinforced with natur..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Pickering and co-workers [36–38] investigated the effects of chelator, white rot fungi, and enzyme treatments on the separation of hemp fibers from bundles, and the improvement of the interfacial bonding of the hemp fibers with the PP matrix....

    [...]

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2008
TL;DR: In terms of utilization, there are two general classifications of plants producing natural fibres: primary and secondary as discussed by the authors : primary plants are those grown for their fibre content while secondary plants come as a byproduct from some other primary utilization.
Abstract: Publisher Summary Natural fibre is defined as fibrous plant material produced as a result of photosynthesis. These fibres are sometimes referred to as vegetable, biomass, photomass, phytomass, agromass, solarmass or photosynthetic fibres. In terms of utilization, there are two general classifications of plants producing natural fibres: primary and secondary. Primary plants are those grown for their fibre content while secondary plants are those where the fibres come as a by-product from some other primary utilization. Jute, hemp, kenaf, sisal and cotton are examples of primary plants while pineapple, cereal stalks, agave, oil palm and coir are examples of secondary plants. The most common classification for natural fibres is by botanical type. Using this system, there are six basic types of natural fibres: bast fibres; leaf fibres; seed fibres; core fibres; grass and reed; and all other types such as wood and roots. There are many reports in the scientific literature on the mechanical properties of natural fibres. Many factors influence mechanical properties of natural fibres. The density data represents the apparent density, which is the density of the whole fibre, not the fibre cell wall. All of the natural fibres have a cell wall density of approximately 1.5 g/m3. There is a very wide range of physical properties depending on the fibre type. In general, bast fibres are the strongest.

97 citations