Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers: 2000–2010
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of literature on bio-fiber reinforced composites is presented in this paper, where the overall characteristics of reinforcing fibers used in biocomposites, including source, type, structure, composition, as well as mechanical properties, are reviewed.
About: This article is published in Progress in Polymer Science.The article was published on 2012-11-01. It has received 3074 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Biocomposite & Transfer molding.
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TL;DR: Lignin is one of the three major components found in the cell walls of natural lignocellulosic materials and is widely available as a major byproduct of a number of industries involved in retrieving the polysaccharide components of plants for industrial applications, such as in paper making, ethanol production from biomass, etc.
Abstract: Rising environmental concerns and depletion of petro-chemical resources has resulted in an increased interest in biorenewable polymer-based environmentally friendly materials. Among biorenewable polymers, lignin is the second most abundant and fascinating natural polymer next to cellulose. Lignin is one of the three major components found in the cell walls of natural lignocellulosic materials. Lignin is widely available as a major byproduct of a number of industries involved in retrieving the polysaccharide components of plants for industrial applications, such as in paper making, ethanol production from biomass, etc. The impressive properties of lignin, such as its high abundance, low weight, environmentally friendliness and its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and biodegradable nature, along with its CO2 neutrality and reinforcing capability, make it an ideal candidate for the development of novel polymer composite materials. Considerable efforts are now being made to effectively utilize waste lignin as one ...
1,065 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the most appropriate and widely used natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) and their applications is presented in this paper. But, the results of the review are limited due to the high water absorption, inferior fire resistance, and lower mechanical properties of NFPCs.
Abstract: Natural fibers are getting attention from researchers and academician to utilize in polymer composites due to their ecofriendly nature and sustainability. The aim of this review article is to provide a comprehensive review of the foremost appropriate as well as widely used natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) and their applications. In addition, it presents summary of various surface treatments applied to natural fibers and their effect on NFPCs properties. The properties of NFPCs vary with fiber type and fiber source as well as fiber structure. The effects of various chemical treatments on the mechanical and thermal properties of natural fibers reinforcements thermosetting and thermoplastics composites were studied. A number of drawbacks of NFPCs like higher water absorption, inferior fire resistance, and lower mechanical properties limited its applications. Impacts of chemical treatment on the water absorption, tribology, viscoelastic behavior, relaxation behavior, energy absorption flames retardancy, and biodegradability properties of NFPCs were also highlighted. The applications of NFPCs in automobile and construction industry and other applications are demonstrated. It concluded that chemical treatment of the natural fiber improved adhesion between the fiber surface and the polymer matrix which ultimately enhanced physicomechanical and thermochemical properties of the NFPCs.
1,022 citations
Cites background from "Biocomposites reinforced with natur..."
...This structure gives to thermoset polymer good properties such as high flexibility for tailoring desired ultimate properties, great strength, and modulus [3, 4]....
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...At 65% humidity at 21C, the equilibrium moisture content of some natural fiber can be observed in Table 4 [4]....
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...The plants, which produce cellulose fibers can be classified into bast fibers (jute, flax, ramie, hemp, and kenaf), seed fibers (cotton, coir, and kapok), leaf fibers (sisal, pineapple, and abaca), grass and reed fibers (rice, corn, and wheat), and core fibers (hemp, kenaf, and jute) as well as all other kinds (wood and roots) [4]....
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...Table 1: Natural fibers in the world and their world production [4]....
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...Table 2: Chemical composition of some common natural fibers [4]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a brief outline of work that covers in the area of biocomposites, major class of biodegradable polymers, natural fibres, as well as their manufacturing techniques and properties has been highlighted.
Abstract: The growing ecological and environmental consciousness has driven efforts for development of new innovative materials for various end-use applications. Polymers synthesized from natural resources, have gained considerable research interest in the recent years. This review paper is intended to provide a brief outline of work that covers in the area of biocomposites, major class of biodegradable polymers, natural fibres, as well as their manufacturing techniques and properties has been highlighted. Various surface modification methods were incorporated to improve the fibre–matrix adhesion resulting in the enhancement of mechanical properties of the biocomposites. Moreover, an economical impact and future direction of these materials has been critically reviewed. This review concludes that the biocomposites form one of the emerging areas in polymer science that gain attention for use in various applications ranging from automobile to the building industries.
894 citations
TL;DR: The prime aim of this review article is to demonstrate the recent development and emerging applications of natural cellulose fibers and their polymer materials.
775 citations
TL;DR: It is evident from the literature survey presented herein that modified cellulose-based adsorbents exhibit good potential for the removal of various aquatic pollutants, however, still there is a need to find out the practical utility of these adsorbent on a commercial scale, leading to the improvement of pollution control.
747 citations
Additional excerpts
...4 glycosidic linkages (Faruk et al., 2012; Henriksson and Berglund, 2007; O'Connell et al., 2008) (Fig....
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References
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TL;DR: Gravimetric and dielectric measurements have been used to monitor water uptake in composites with glass, jute and washed jute fibres as mentioned in this paper, and the results showed that the dielectrics constant of jute fibre composites is higher than that of the composites based on glass fibres.
78 citations
TL;DR: In this article, three types of thermoplastic composites were prepared by melt mixing of ethylene-propylene (EP) copolymer and (i) 3% NaOH treated jute fiber, (ii) 17.5% NaO-treated Jute fiber and (iii) commercial microcrystalline cellulose powder using maleated EP copolymers as compatibilizer.
78 citations
01 Jan 2008
TL;DR: The acceptance of advanced composites, especially in the transport industries, as viable alternatives to more traditional materials is of course due to the impressive mechanical properties and low density of these materials, allowing their use in structural applications where light weight is also critical to the final design as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Over the past ~60-70 years, the development of advanced polymeric composite materials, now primarily based on synthetic fibres (glass, carbon, aramid, etc) has permitted the replacement of a great many traditional metallic, polymeric and ceramic materials. It could be said that the age of composite materials is now upon us, as their field of application extends from transport to medical to “nanotech” and beyond. The acceptance of advanced composites, especially in the transport industries, as viable alternatives to more traditional materials is of course due to the impressive mechanical properties and low density of these materials, allowing their use in structural applications where light weight is also critical to the final design. In recent times, no other industry has embraced the technology of advanced composites more enthusiastically than the aerospace industry. In the not-so-distant future, commercial aircraft will shed hundreds of kilograms of weight with the extensive substitution of aluminium alloys with carbon fibre composites.
77 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of coupling agent and processing aid on the performance properties of rice husk filled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites was studied.
Abstract: The effect of coupling agent and processing aid on the performance properties of rice husk filled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites was studied. Composite profiles of HDPE filled with 65% rice husk were extruded using a single screw extruder with die dimensions of 3 � 8 mm. Processability and performance properties of the composites were highly dependent on the concentration of the coupling agent and processing aid in the composite formulation. Attempt was made to optimize the composite formulation with respect to both coupling agent and processing aid to attain optimum mechanical and water absorption properties with an optimum extrusion rate. Incorporation of a terpolymer (ethylene-acrylic ester-maleic anhydride) based coupling agent enhanced the properties of the composites with a significant reduction in the extrusion rate. Addition of processing aid enhanced the extrusion rate and showed a negative impact on the performance properties. Composites with a coupling agent to processing aid ratio of 0.73 : 0.59 by weight showed an optimum combination of performance properties and extrusion rate.
76 citations
"Biocomposites reinforced with natur..." refers background in this paper
...Other studies have focused on: flame retardant properties of rice husk/PE composites [148], the using of rice husk as filler for rice husk/PP composites [149], the thermogravimetric analysis of rice husk filled HDPE and PP composites [150], the enhancement of the processability of rice husk/HDPE composites [151], the effect of the percentage of rice husk content, hydroxyl groups and size on the flexural, tensile, and impact properties of rice husk/polyurethane composites [152], nonlinear viscoelastic creep characterization of HDPE-rice husk composites [153], the effect of the rice husk size and composition on the injection molding processability of rice husk/PE composites [154], photocatalytic performance of a carbon/TiO2 composite with rice husk [155], the effect of different concentrations and sizes of particles of rice husk ash-in the mechanical properties of rice husk/PP composites [156], the effect of different coupling agent on rice husk/copolymer PP composites [157], dimensional properties of rice husk/unsaturated polyester composites [158], and carbon/silica composites fabricated from rice husk by means of binder-less hot-pressing [159]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of silane concentrations (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5%) on tensile properties, flexural properties, and interlaminar shear strength was investigated.
Abstract: In this study, jute/polyester composites were fabricated. To improve the adhesion between jute fabric and polyester alkali-treated jute fabrics were treated with γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-MPS). The effect of silane concentrations (0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%) on tensile properties, flexural properties, and interlaminar shear strength was investigated. Once jute fabrics were treated with 0.1% and 0.3% silane concentrations, the tensile properties of silane-treated jute polyester composites increased. However, when 0.5% γ-MPS was used in silane treatment, the tensile properties of jute/polyester composites decreased. 0.3% silane-treated jute/polyester composites exhibited superior improvements in terms of the flexure properties among the fabricated composites. Interlaminar shear strength measurements showed that best adhesion was provided by using 0.3% silane-treated jute/polyester composites. Good adhesion between silane-treated jute fabric and polyester was also confirmed by scanning electron micro...
76 citations