Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers: 2000–2010
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of literature on bio-fiber reinforced composites is presented in this paper, where the overall characteristics of reinforcing fibers used in biocomposites, including source, type, structure, composition, as well as mechanical properties, are reviewed.
About: This article is published in Progress in Polymer Science.The article was published on 2012-11-01. It has received 3074 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Biocomposite & Transfer molding.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: Lignin is one of the three major components found in the cell walls of natural lignocellulosic materials and is widely available as a major byproduct of a number of industries involved in retrieving the polysaccharide components of plants for industrial applications, such as in paper making, ethanol production from biomass, etc.
Abstract: Rising environmental concerns and depletion of petro-chemical resources has resulted in an increased interest in biorenewable polymer-based environmentally friendly materials. Among biorenewable polymers, lignin is the second most abundant and fascinating natural polymer next to cellulose. Lignin is one of the three major components found in the cell walls of natural lignocellulosic materials. Lignin is widely available as a major byproduct of a number of industries involved in retrieving the polysaccharide components of plants for industrial applications, such as in paper making, ethanol production from biomass, etc. The impressive properties of lignin, such as its high abundance, low weight, environmentally friendliness and its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and biodegradable nature, along with its CO2 neutrality and reinforcing capability, make it an ideal candidate for the development of novel polymer composite materials. Considerable efforts are now being made to effectively utilize waste lignin as one ...
1,065 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the most appropriate and widely used natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) and their applications is presented in this paper. But, the results of the review are limited due to the high water absorption, inferior fire resistance, and lower mechanical properties of NFPCs.
Abstract: Natural fibers are getting attention from researchers and academician to utilize in polymer composites due to their ecofriendly nature and sustainability. The aim of this review article is to provide a comprehensive review of the foremost appropriate as well as widely used natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) and their applications. In addition, it presents summary of various surface treatments applied to natural fibers and their effect on NFPCs properties. The properties of NFPCs vary with fiber type and fiber source as well as fiber structure. The effects of various chemical treatments on the mechanical and thermal properties of natural fibers reinforcements thermosetting and thermoplastics composites were studied. A number of drawbacks of NFPCs like higher water absorption, inferior fire resistance, and lower mechanical properties limited its applications. Impacts of chemical treatment on the water absorption, tribology, viscoelastic behavior, relaxation behavior, energy absorption flames retardancy, and biodegradability properties of NFPCs were also highlighted. The applications of NFPCs in automobile and construction industry and other applications are demonstrated. It concluded that chemical treatment of the natural fiber improved adhesion between the fiber surface and the polymer matrix which ultimately enhanced physicomechanical and thermochemical properties of the NFPCs.
1,022 citations
Cites background from "Biocomposites reinforced with natur..."
...This structure gives to thermoset polymer good properties such as high flexibility for tailoring desired ultimate properties, great strength, and modulus [3, 4]....
[...]
...At 65% humidity at 21C, the equilibrium moisture content of some natural fiber can be observed in Table 4 [4]....
[...]
...The plants, which produce cellulose fibers can be classified into bast fibers (jute, flax, ramie, hemp, and kenaf), seed fibers (cotton, coir, and kapok), leaf fibers (sisal, pineapple, and abaca), grass and reed fibers (rice, corn, and wheat), and core fibers (hemp, kenaf, and jute) as well as all other kinds (wood and roots) [4]....
[...]
...Table 1: Natural fibers in the world and their world production [4]....
[...]
...Table 2: Chemical composition of some common natural fibers [4]....
[...]
TL;DR: In this paper, a brief outline of work that covers in the area of biocomposites, major class of biodegradable polymers, natural fibres, as well as their manufacturing techniques and properties has been highlighted.
Abstract: The growing ecological and environmental consciousness has driven efforts for development of new innovative materials for various end-use applications. Polymers synthesized from natural resources, have gained considerable research interest in the recent years. This review paper is intended to provide a brief outline of work that covers in the area of biocomposites, major class of biodegradable polymers, natural fibres, as well as their manufacturing techniques and properties has been highlighted. Various surface modification methods were incorporated to improve the fibre–matrix adhesion resulting in the enhancement of mechanical properties of the biocomposites. Moreover, an economical impact and future direction of these materials has been critically reviewed. This review concludes that the biocomposites form one of the emerging areas in polymer science that gain attention for use in various applications ranging from automobile to the building industries.
894 citations
TL;DR: The prime aim of this review article is to demonstrate the recent development and emerging applications of natural cellulose fibers and their polymer materials.
775 citations
TL;DR: It is evident from the literature survey presented herein that modified cellulose-based adsorbents exhibit good potential for the removal of various aquatic pollutants, however, still there is a need to find out the practical utility of these adsorbent on a commercial scale, leading to the improvement of pollution control.
747 citations
Additional excerpts
...4 glycosidic linkages (Faruk et al., 2012; Henriksson and Berglund, 2007; O'Connell et al., 2008) (Fig....
[...]
References
More filters
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of EFB fillers on processability and mechanical properties of unmodified and acrylic-impact modified poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) were investigated.
Abstract: Interest in the use of natural fibers as fillers has grown over the past few years due to the advantages it offers. The use of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) as a filler in the unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) is a new attraction in polymer composite technology. The objectives of this study are to investigate the effects of EFB fillers on processability and mechanical properties of unmodified and acrylic-impact modified PVC-U. To produce the compound, the PVC resin and the additives were first dry blended using a laboratory blender before being milled into sheets using two-roll mill. Test specimens were prepared using a hot press, after which impact and flexural properties were determined. The processability studies of the dry blend were carried out by using a Brabender Torque Rheometer model PL2200. The results showed that the incorporation of EFB filler into unmodified PVC-U decreased the fusion time, but increased the fusion time of acrylic-impact modified PVC-U. The end torque dec...
42 citations
15 Jan 2005-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate that biologically inspired hierarchical designs can help improve the moderate properties of natural fiber polymer composites or biocomposites and allow them to compete with conventional materials for loadbearing applications.
Abstract: Scrutiny into the composition of natural, or biological materials convincingly reveals that high material and structural efficiency can be attained, even with moderate-quality constituents, by hierarchical topologies, i.e., successively organized material levels or layers. The present study demonstrates that biologically inspired hierarchical designs can help improve the moderate properties of natural fiber polymer composites or biocomposites and allow them to compete with conventional materials for load-bearing applications. An overview of the mechanics concepts that allow hierarchical designs to achieve higher performance is presented, followed by observation and results from flexural tests on periodic and hierarchical cellular beams and plates made from industrial hemp fibers and unsaturated polyester resin biocomposites. The experimental data is shown to agree well with performance indices predicted by mechanics models. A procedure for the multi-scale integrated material/structural analysis of hierarchical cellular biocomposite components is presented and its advantages and limitations are discussed.
40 citations
"Biocomposites reinforced with natur..." refers background in this paper
...jute and flax fibers with unsaturated polyester resin [522–525] for housing panel applications....
[...]
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, nanofibers were isolated from bagasse pulp pretreated with dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute sodium hydroxide, cellulase, or xylanase enzymes using high-shear ultrafine grinding and high-pressure homogenization.
Abstract: Nanofibers were isolated from bagasse pulp pretreated with dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute sodium hydroxide, cellulase, or xylanase enzymes using high-shear ultrafine grinding and high-pressure homogenization. The effect of the different pretreatments on chemical composition and structure of isolated nanofibers was studied using chemical analyses, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared. The dimensions and properties of the isolated nanofibers were followed at the different processing stages using optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and tensile properties (wet and dry). The diameter of the microfibrils was in the range of 7-30 nm for untreated and pretreated bagasse pulps while larger microfibrillar bands (to 150 nm wide) were observed for untreated bagasse pulp than the pretreated pulps (to 90 nm wide). Nanopaper sheets made from nanofibers isolated from alkali- and xylanase-treated pulps showed better wet and dry tensile strength than those made from the other pulps.
40 citations
"Biocomposites reinforced with natur..." refers background in this paper
...In the literature there are reports of cellulose nano/microfibril extraction from diverse non-wood sources including hemp fibers [481,482], sugar beet pulp [483,484], potato pulp [485], swede root [486], bagasse [487–491], sisal [492,493], algae [494], stems of cacti [495,496], banana rachis [497], flax fibers [498,499], plantain [500], water hyacinth [501], bamboo [502], coir [503], pea hull [504], pineapple leaf [505], and wheat straw [506]....
[...]
TL;DR: In this paper, the impulse heat-sealing properties of wheat gluten films were investigated, and they were compression molded at 100-130 degrees C and then sealed in a lap-shear or peel-tes.
Abstract: The impulse heat-sealing properties of wheat gluten films were investigated. Films containing 30 wt% glycerol were compression molded at 100-130 degrees C and then sealed in a lap-shear or peel-tes ...
40 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a study of the mechanical behavior of flax reinforced poly( l -Lactic acid) (PLLA) under in-plane shear and mode I interlaminar fracture testing is presented.
39 citations
"Biocomposites reinforced with natur..." refers background in this paper
...PLA as a matrix for biocomposites reinforced with iofiber was extensively investigated for jute fiber 328–331], flax fiber [332,333], kenaf [334,335], coir [336], amboo [337] and cellulose fibers [338,339]....
[...]