Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers: 2000–2010
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of literature on bio-fiber reinforced composites is presented in this paper, where the overall characteristics of reinforcing fibers used in biocomposites, including source, type, structure, composition, as well as mechanical properties, are reviewed.
About: This article is published in Progress in Polymer Science.The article was published on 2012-11-01. It has received 3074 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Biocomposite & Transfer molding.
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TL;DR: Lignin is one of the three major components found in the cell walls of natural lignocellulosic materials and is widely available as a major byproduct of a number of industries involved in retrieving the polysaccharide components of plants for industrial applications, such as in paper making, ethanol production from biomass, etc.
Abstract: Rising environmental concerns and depletion of petro-chemical resources has resulted in an increased interest in biorenewable polymer-based environmentally friendly materials. Among biorenewable polymers, lignin is the second most abundant and fascinating natural polymer next to cellulose. Lignin is one of the three major components found in the cell walls of natural lignocellulosic materials. Lignin is widely available as a major byproduct of a number of industries involved in retrieving the polysaccharide components of plants for industrial applications, such as in paper making, ethanol production from biomass, etc. The impressive properties of lignin, such as its high abundance, low weight, environmentally friendliness and its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and biodegradable nature, along with its CO2 neutrality and reinforcing capability, make it an ideal candidate for the development of novel polymer composite materials. Considerable efforts are now being made to effectively utilize waste lignin as one ...
1,065 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the most appropriate and widely used natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) and their applications is presented in this paper. But, the results of the review are limited due to the high water absorption, inferior fire resistance, and lower mechanical properties of NFPCs.
Abstract: Natural fibers are getting attention from researchers and academician to utilize in polymer composites due to their ecofriendly nature and sustainability. The aim of this review article is to provide a comprehensive review of the foremost appropriate as well as widely used natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) and their applications. In addition, it presents summary of various surface treatments applied to natural fibers and their effect on NFPCs properties. The properties of NFPCs vary with fiber type and fiber source as well as fiber structure. The effects of various chemical treatments on the mechanical and thermal properties of natural fibers reinforcements thermosetting and thermoplastics composites were studied. A number of drawbacks of NFPCs like higher water absorption, inferior fire resistance, and lower mechanical properties limited its applications. Impacts of chemical treatment on the water absorption, tribology, viscoelastic behavior, relaxation behavior, energy absorption flames retardancy, and biodegradability properties of NFPCs were also highlighted. The applications of NFPCs in automobile and construction industry and other applications are demonstrated. It concluded that chemical treatment of the natural fiber improved adhesion between the fiber surface and the polymer matrix which ultimately enhanced physicomechanical and thermochemical properties of the NFPCs.
1,022 citations
Cites background from "Biocomposites reinforced with natur..."
...This structure gives to thermoset polymer good properties such as high flexibility for tailoring desired ultimate properties, great strength, and modulus [3, 4]....
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...At 65% humidity at 21C, the equilibrium moisture content of some natural fiber can be observed in Table 4 [4]....
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...The plants, which produce cellulose fibers can be classified into bast fibers (jute, flax, ramie, hemp, and kenaf), seed fibers (cotton, coir, and kapok), leaf fibers (sisal, pineapple, and abaca), grass and reed fibers (rice, corn, and wheat), and core fibers (hemp, kenaf, and jute) as well as all other kinds (wood and roots) [4]....
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...Table 1: Natural fibers in the world and their world production [4]....
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...Table 2: Chemical composition of some common natural fibers [4]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a brief outline of work that covers in the area of biocomposites, major class of biodegradable polymers, natural fibres, as well as their manufacturing techniques and properties has been highlighted.
Abstract: The growing ecological and environmental consciousness has driven efforts for development of new innovative materials for various end-use applications. Polymers synthesized from natural resources, have gained considerable research interest in the recent years. This review paper is intended to provide a brief outline of work that covers in the area of biocomposites, major class of biodegradable polymers, natural fibres, as well as their manufacturing techniques and properties has been highlighted. Various surface modification methods were incorporated to improve the fibre–matrix adhesion resulting in the enhancement of mechanical properties of the biocomposites. Moreover, an economical impact and future direction of these materials has been critically reviewed. This review concludes that the biocomposites form one of the emerging areas in polymer science that gain attention for use in various applications ranging from automobile to the building industries.
894 citations
TL;DR: The prime aim of this review article is to demonstrate the recent development and emerging applications of natural cellulose fibers and their polymer materials.
775 citations
TL;DR: It is evident from the literature survey presented herein that modified cellulose-based adsorbents exhibit good potential for the removal of various aquatic pollutants, however, still there is a need to find out the practical utility of these adsorbent on a commercial scale, leading to the improvement of pollution control.
747 citations
Additional excerpts
...4 glycosidic linkages (Faruk et al., 2012; Henriksson and Berglund, 2007; O'Connell et al., 2008) (Fig....
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32 citations
"Biocomposites reinforced with natur..." refers background in this paper
...The effects of oil extraction, compounding techniques and fiber loading [164], and the effect of matrix modification [165] on the mechanical properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch filled PP composites were examined....
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TL;DR: In this article, two types of short natural fibers, namely jute and betel nut fibers, are employed as fillers for the formation of short fiber reinforced polypropylene composites in difference ratios (fiber content: 3, 5, 10 and 20 wt%) by hot-press molding technique.
Abstract: The newest research and development results dealing with natural short fiber composites show new possibilities for environmentally-friendly materials. Current production trends clearly indicate the increased use of structural, nonstructural and molded natural fiber based composite panels for many applications. In our present work, two types of short natural fibers, namely jute and betel nut fibers, are employed as fillers for the formation of short fiber reinforced polypropylene composites in difference ratios (fiber content: 3, 5, 10 and 20 wt%) by hot-press moulding technique. Different jute-betel nut reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites were prepared in the ratio of 10:5, 10:10 and 10:15 wt% fiber contents with 85% PP, 80% PP and 75% PP, respectively. Mechanical properties of the composites, i.e., tensile, bending and impact strengths, were investigated. For better compatibility, jute and betel nut fibers were subjected to alkalization and the hybrid composites of alkalized jute/betel nut and PP ...
32 citations
"Biocomposites reinforced with natur..." refers background in this paper
...The following investigations were completed with thermoplastic matrices; the effect of moisture absorption of sisal fiber/PP composites [436], the influence of surface treatment (NaOH solution) of coir fiber/PP composites [437], the surface esterification of bagasse/LDPE composites [438], the surface modification of olive husk/PP composites [439], the performance of hybrid jute/betel nut fiber reinforced PP [440], and the effects of surface treatments of luffa fiber/PP composites [441]....
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29 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the falling weight impact properties of three different types of hemp/epoxy composites, two of which were realised using loose hemp fibres disposed either unidirectionally (LU laminate) or in a 0/90 (LC laminate), while the third one has been obtained using hemp mat (M laminate).
Abstract: The aim of this work is studying the falling weight impact properties of three different types of hemp/epoxy composites, two of which were realised using loose hemp fibres disposed either unidirectionally (LU laminate) or in a 0/90 (LC laminate), while the third one has been obtained using hemp mat (M laminate). The maximum fibre volume which was possibly introduced using hand layup was 55 vol.% for LU, 52 vol.% for LC and only 43 vol.% for M laminate. In practice, the aim of this investigation would be evaluating whether disposing loose hemp fibres in a mat, an operation which results in the reduction of the volume of reinforcement introduced, would yield lower falling impact properties or not. Quasi-static tests results show that the best performance, but also the largest scattering in properties is obtained from the unidirectional composites (LU): this suggests the fundamental role played by fibre orientation in these materials. In contrast, the study of impact hysteresis cycles suggest that, despite the limitations owed to the presence of through thickness fibres and the lower amount of fibres introduced, hemp mat laminates (M) are superior in terms of impact properties. In particular, impact hysteresis cycles involve, in the case of M laminates, a higher stiffness in the linear-elastic phase of impact, followed by a hardly detectable load drop, and a very large rebound energy, released at quasi-constant rate after penetration. As a result, a larger amount of energy is absorbed during impact on hemp mat laminates than on the loose hemp laminates.
29 citations