Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers: 2000–2010
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of literature on bio-fiber reinforced composites is presented in this paper, where the overall characteristics of reinforcing fibers used in biocomposites, including source, type, structure, composition, as well as mechanical properties, are reviewed.
About: This article is published in Progress in Polymer Science.The article was published on 2012-11-01. It has received 3074 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Biocomposite & Transfer molding.
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TL;DR: Lignin is one of the three major components found in the cell walls of natural lignocellulosic materials and is widely available as a major byproduct of a number of industries involved in retrieving the polysaccharide components of plants for industrial applications, such as in paper making, ethanol production from biomass, etc.
Abstract: Rising environmental concerns and depletion of petro-chemical resources has resulted in an increased interest in biorenewable polymer-based environmentally friendly materials. Among biorenewable polymers, lignin is the second most abundant and fascinating natural polymer next to cellulose. Lignin is one of the three major components found in the cell walls of natural lignocellulosic materials. Lignin is widely available as a major byproduct of a number of industries involved in retrieving the polysaccharide components of plants for industrial applications, such as in paper making, ethanol production from biomass, etc. The impressive properties of lignin, such as its high abundance, low weight, environmentally friendliness and its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and biodegradable nature, along with its CO2 neutrality and reinforcing capability, make it an ideal candidate for the development of novel polymer composite materials. Considerable efforts are now being made to effectively utilize waste lignin as one ...
1,065 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the most appropriate and widely used natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) and their applications is presented in this paper. But, the results of the review are limited due to the high water absorption, inferior fire resistance, and lower mechanical properties of NFPCs.
Abstract: Natural fibers are getting attention from researchers and academician to utilize in polymer composites due to their ecofriendly nature and sustainability. The aim of this review article is to provide a comprehensive review of the foremost appropriate as well as widely used natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) and their applications. In addition, it presents summary of various surface treatments applied to natural fibers and their effect on NFPCs properties. The properties of NFPCs vary with fiber type and fiber source as well as fiber structure. The effects of various chemical treatments on the mechanical and thermal properties of natural fibers reinforcements thermosetting and thermoplastics composites were studied. A number of drawbacks of NFPCs like higher water absorption, inferior fire resistance, and lower mechanical properties limited its applications. Impacts of chemical treatment on the water absorption, tribology, viscoelastic behavior, relaxation behavior, energy absorption flames retardancy, and biodegradability properties of NFPCs were also highlighted. The applications of NFPCs in automobile and construction industry and other applications are demonstrated. It concluded that chemical treatment of the natural fiber improved adhesion between the fiber surface and the polymer matrix which ultimately enhanced physicomechanical and thermochemical properties of the NFPCs.
1,022 citations
Cites background from "Biocomposites reinforced with natur..."
...This structure gives to thermoset polymer good properties such as high flexibility for tailoring desired ultimate properties, great strength, and modulus [3, 4]....
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...At 65% humidity at 21C, the equilibrium moisture content of some natural fiber can be observed in Table 4 [4]....
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...The plants, which produce cellulose fibers can be classified into bast fibers (jute, flax, ramie, hemp, and kenaf), seed fibers (cotton, coir, and kapok), leaf fibers (sisal, pineapple, and abaca), grass and reed fibers (rice, corn, and wheat), and core fibers (hemp, kenaf, and jute) as well as all other kinds (wood and roots) [4]....
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...Table 1: Natural fibers in the world and their world production [4]....
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...Table 2: Chemical composition of some common natural fibers [4]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a brief outline of work that covers in the area of biocomposites, major class of biodegradable polymers, natural fibres, as well as their manufacturing techniques and properties has been highlighted.
Abstract: The growing ecological and environmental consciousness has driven efforts for development of new innovative materials for various end-use applications. Polymers synthesized from natural resources, have gained considerable research interest in the recent years. This review paper is intended to provide a brief outline of work that covers in the area of biocomposites, major class of biodegradable polymers, natural fibres, as well as their manufacturing techniques and properties has been highlighted. Various surface modification methods were incorporated to improve the fibre–matrix adhesion resulting in the enhancement of mechanical properties of the biocomposites. Moreover, an economical impact and future direction of these materials has been critically reviewed. This review concludes that the biocomposites form one of the emerging areas in polymer science that gain attention for use in various applications ranging from automobile to the building industries.
894 citations
TL;DR: The prime aim of this review article is to demonstrate the recent development and emerging applications of natural cellulose fibers and their polymer materials.
775 citations
TL;DR: It is evident from the literature survey presented herein that modified cellulose-based adsorbents exhibit good potential for the removal of various aquatic pollutants, however, still there is a need to find out the practical utility of these adsorbent on a commercial scale, leading to the improvement of pollution control.
747 citations
Additional excerpts
...4 glycosidic linkages (Faruk et al., 2012; Henriksson and Berglund, 2007; O'Connell et al., 2008) (Fig....
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References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of dynamic vulcanization and influence of filler loading of white rice husk ash filled elastomer rich ethylenepropylene diene terpolymer and propylene blends were investigated.
Abstract: The effect of dynamic vulcanization and influence of filler loading of white rice husk ash filled elastomer rich ethylenepropylene diene terpolymer and propylene blends were investigated. Blends with filler loading ranging from 0 to 60 php (Parts per hundred of total polymer by weight) were prepared in a Brabender plasticorder at 180°C and a rotor speed of 50 rpm followed by compression molding. The Brabender torque was used to investigate mixing progress. The mechanical properties of vulcanized blend systems were compared with those of the unvulcanized counterparts. The mechanical properties of the blends as a function of filler loading were also studied for both blend systems. Processability and recyclability of the blends were carried out to assess the thermoplastic characteristics of the blends. Brabender torque studies showed that dynamic vulcanization has a more significant effect on melt rheology than filler loading. It was also found that unvulcanized blends exhibited poor tensile properties, low ...
26 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of fiber loading on the mechanical properties of the composites prepared by the above method has been evaluated, and the applications and limitations of several equations to predict physical properties such as tensile strength and modulus of the composite have been described.
Abstract: Short natural fiber thermoplastic composites are usually fabricated by melt mixing or solution mixing followed by conventional methods like injection molding or compression molding. In melt mixing, the fibers are subjected to high shear and this damage the natural fiber. In solution mixing, the use of the organic solvent is essential and its use is hazardous. Development of a novel method commingling to prepare polypropylene (PP)/short natural fiber composite is the main objective of this study. The influence of fiber loading on the mechanical properties of the composites prepared by the above method has been evaluated. The applications and limitations of several equations to predict physical properties such as tensile strength and modulus of the composites have been described. POLYM. COMPOS., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
25 citations
"Biocomposites reinforced with natur..." refers background in this paper
...date palm [271], coir [272,273], bamboo [274,275], abaca [276,277], rice hull [278–280], jute [281,282], and wheat straw [283]....
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TL;DR: The mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of polycaprolactone (PCL) and bamboo fiber (BF) composites were evaluated in this paper, showing that PCL-g-MA/BF composites not only provided a plateau tensile strength at break up to 40% BF but also provided more easily processing properties.
Abstract: The mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of polycaprolactone (PCL) and bamboo fiber (BF) composites were evaluated. Composites containing maleic anhydride-grafted PCL (PCL-g-MA/BF) exhibited noticeably improved mechanical properties due to better compatibility between the two components in comparison to PCL/BF. The dispersion of BF in the PCL-g-MA matrix was clearly more homogeneous due to the creation of branched and cross-linked macromolecules via reactions between anhydride carboxyl groups in PCL-g-MA and hydroxyl groups in BF. The tensile strength and elongation of the PCL-g-MA/BF composites at break was considerably greater than that of PCL/BF composites. In a soil environment, PCL/BF biodegraded slightly faster than PCL-g-MA/BF. Finally, the PCL-g-MA/BF composites not only provided a plateau tensile strength at break up to 40 wt% BF but also provided more easily processing properties.
24 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the natural durability of a composite obtained from bagasse fibers and polypropylene against rainbow fungus (Coriolus versicolor), and obtained results indicated that mass, bending strength, elastic modulus, hardness, and equilibrium moisture content of composites decreased whereas water absorption amount of specimens increased.
Abstract: To evaluate the natural durability of a composite obtained from bagasse fibers and polypropylene against rainbow fungus (Coriolus versicolor), materials containing 75% bagasse fibers, 23% polypropylene, and 2% compatibilizer were sampled After specimen and culture medium preparation the specimens were exposed to the purified fungus at 25°C and 75% relative humidity for 1, 2, 3, and 4 months Identical specimens of the same composite, without being exposed to the fungus, were provided as the control specimens After the mentioned periods, mass loss, bending strength, elastic modulus, hardness, water absorption, and equilibrium moisture content of specimens were measured The obtained results indicated that mass, bending strength, elastic modulus, hardness, and equilibrium moisture content of composites decreased, whereas water absorption amount of specimens increased The calculation of correlation coefficients between the rates of mass loss and bending strength, elastic modulus and hardness decreases, as
23 citations
"Biocomposites reinforced with natur..." refers methods in this paper
...The effect of botanical components of bagasse on the setting of bagasse/cement composites [172], design and optimization of PHB/bagasse fiber composites [173], tribological properties of bagasse/polyester composites [174], creep properties of bagasse fiber reinforced PVC and HDPE composites [175], bagasse/HDPE composites for radiation shielding [176], molecular mobility information of bagasse fiber and their distribution in bagasse/EVA composites [177], silane treated bagasse fiber reinforcement for cementitious composites [178], using polyurethane from castor oil [179], durability of bagasse/PP composites exposed to rainbow fungus [180], and ecodesign and life cycle assessment as strategy for automotive components from bagasse/PP composites [181] were examined....
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TL;DR: A review of very recent developments in the properties and applications of green composites can be found in this article, where the authors report on recent developments of different biodegradable polymers and biocomposites.
Abstract: This review aims at reporting on very recent developments in the, properties and applications of Green Composites One very important aspect of green composites is that they can be designed and tailored to meet different requirements Recent advances in natural fiber development offer significant oppurtunities for improved materials from renewable resources Biocomposites offer a significant non-food market for crop-derived fibres and resins Considerable growth has been seen in the use of biocomposites in the automotive and decking markets over the past decade or so, but application in other sectors has hitherto been limited Recent developments of different biodegradable polymers and biocomposites are discussed in this review article
23 citations