Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers: 2000–2010
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of literature on bio-fiber reinforced composites is presented in this paper, where the overall characteristics of reinforcing fibers used in biocomposites, including source, type, structure, composition, as well as mechanical properties, are reviewed.
About: This article is published in Progress in Polymer Science.The article was published on 2012-11-01. It has received 3074 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Biocomposite & Transfer molding.
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TL;DR: Lignin is one of the three major components found in the cell walls of natural lignocellulosic materials and is widely available as a major byproduct of a number of industries involved in retrieving the polysaccharide components of plants for industrial applications, such as in paper making, ethanol production from biomass, etc.
Abstract: Rising environmental concerns and depletion of petro-chemical resources has resulted in an increased interest in biorenewable polymer-based environmentally friendly materials. Among biorenewable polymers, lignin is the second most abundant and fascinating natural polymer next to cellulose. Lignin is one of the three major components found in the cell walls of natural lignocellulosic materials. Lignin is widely available as a major byproduct of a number of industries involved in retrieving the polysaccharide components of plants for industrial applications, such as in paper making, ethanol production from biomass, etc. The impressive properties of lignin, such as its high abundance, low weight, environmentally friendliness and its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and biodegradable nature, along with its CO2 neutrality and reinforcing capability, make it an ideal candidate for the development of novel polymer composite materials. Considerable efforts are now being made to effectively utilize waste lignin as one ...
1,065 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the most appropriate and widely used natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) and their applications is presented in this paper. But, the results of the review are limited due to the high water absorption, inferior fire resistance, and lower mechanical properties of NFPCs.
Abstract: Natural fibers are getting attention from researchers and academician to utilize in polymer composites due to their ecofriendly nature and sustainability. The aim of this review article is to provide a comprehensive review of the foremost appropriate as well as widely used natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) and their applications. In addition, it presents summary of various surface treatments applied to natural fibers and their effect on NFPCs properties. The properties of NFPCs vary with fiber type and fiber source as well as fiber structure. The effects of various chemical treatments on the mechanical and thermal properties of natural fibers reinforcements thermosetting and thermoplastics composites were studied. A number of drawbacks of NFPCs like higher water absorption, inferior fire resistance, and lower mechanical properties limited its applications. Impacts of chemical treatment on the water absorption, tribology, viscoelastic behavior, relaxation behavior, energy absorption flames retardancy, and biodegradability properties of NFPCs were also highlighted. The applications of NFPCs in automobile and construction industry and other applications are demonstrated. It concluded that chemical treatment of the natural fiber improved adhesion between the fiber surface and the polymer matrix which ultimately enhanced physicomechanical and thermochemical properties of the NFPCs.
1,022 citations
Cites background from "Biocomposites reinforced with natur..."
...This structure gives to thermoset polymer good properties such as high flexibility for tailoring desired ultimate properties, great strength, and modulus [3, 4]....
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...At 65% humidity at 21C, the equilibrium moisture content of some natural fiber can be observed in Table 4 [4]....
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...The plants, which produce cellulose fibers can be classified into bast fibers (jute, flax, ramie, hemp, and kenaf), seed fibers (cotton, coir, and kapok), leaf fibers (sisal, pineapple, and abaca), grass and reed fibers (rice, corn, and wheat), and core fibers (hemp, kenaf, and jute) as well as all other kinds (wood and roots) [4]....
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...Table 1: Natural fibers in the world and their world production [4]....
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...Table 2: Chemical composition of some common natural fibers [4]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a brief outline of work that covers in the area of biocomposites, major class of biodegradable polymers, natural fibres, as well as their manufacturing techniques and properties has been highlighted.
Abstract: The growing ecological and environmental consciousness has driven efforts for development of new innovative materials for various end-use applications. Polymers synthesized from natural resources, have gained considerable research interest in the recent years. This review paper is intended to provide a brief outline of work that covers in the area of biocomposites, major class of biodegradable polymers, natural fibres, as well as their manufacturing techniques and properties has been highlighted. Various surface modification methods were incorporated to improve the fibre–matrix adhesion resulting in the enhancement of mechanical properties of the biocomposites. Moreover, an economical impact and future direction of these materials has been critically reviewed. This review concludes that the biocomposites form one of the emerging areas in polymer science that gain attention for use in various applications ranging from automobile to the building industries.
894 citations
TL;DR: The prime aim of this review article is to demonstrate the recent development and emerging applications of natural cellulose fibers and their polymer materials.
775 citations
TL;DR: It is evident from the literature survey presented herein that modified cellulose-based adsorbents exhibit good potential for the removal of various aquatic pollutants, however, still there is a need to find out the practical utility of these adsorbent on a commercial scale, leading to the improvement of pollution control.
747 citations
Additional excerpts
...4 glycosidic linkages (Faruk et al., 2012; Henriksson and Berglund, 2007; O'Connell et al., 2008) (Fig....
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References
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TL;DR: In this article, the transcrystallization of polypropylene on untreated, MAH-polypropylene grafted, and alkali treated jute fibers due to isothermal as well as non-isothermal crystallization conditions was dealt with.
Abstract: This article deals with the transcrystallization of polypropylene on untreated, MAH-polypropylene grafted, and alkali treated jute fibers due to isothermal as well as non-isothermal crystallization conditions. In both cases, TCL-thickness as well as TCL growth initiation temperature were dependent on fiber treatment. The chosen TC in isothermal conditions was of great significance on TCL growth rate. The experimental data were successfully fitted by using an Arrhenius-type relationship.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of percentage of rice husk (RH) and hydroxyl (OH) groups on the flexural, tensile, and impact properties of polyurethane composites were investigated.
Abstract: In this study, polyurethane composites were produced with rice husk (RH) with polypropylene glycol, molecular weight (Mw) of 400 (PPG400) used as polyols. The effect of percentage of RH (by weight), percentage of RH hydroxyl (OH) groups, and RH size on the flexural, tensile, and impact properties were investigated. For most tests, the properties increased as the percentage of RH or percentage of RH OH groups were increased. However, after exceeding a threshold value, the properties started to decrease. This phenomenon was attributed to two factors (1) percentage of RH (by weight) or percentage of RH OH groups and (2) amount of homogeneous PU matrix. A dimethylformamide (DMF) immersion test showed that absorption and swelling decreased as the percentage of RH was increased. The size of RH also played a significant role in the properties, where smaller size RH produced composites with higher strength. This is due to the greater surface area for interaction between the OH groups from the RH and NCO groups fr...
19 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, composites with isotactic polypropylene (iPP) matrix and hemp fibres were studied and the influence of fiber/matrix interfaces on dielectric properties coupled with mechan-ical behaviours were investigated.
Abstract: Natural fibres such as jute, coir, sisal, bamboo and pineapple are known to have high specific strength and can be effectively used in composites in various applications. The use of hemp fibres to reinforce the polymer aroused great inter- est and expectations amongst scientists and materials engineers. In this paper, composites with isotactic polypropylene (iPP) matrix and hemp fibres were studied. These materials were manufactured via the patented FIBROLINE process based on the principle of the dry impregnation of a fibre assembly with a thermoplastic powder (iPP), using an alternating electric field. The aim of this paper is to show the influence of fibre/matrix interfaces on dielectric properties coupled with mechan- ical behaviours. Fibres or more probably the fibre/matrix interfaces allow the diffusion of electric charges and delocalise the polarisation energy. In this way, damages are limited during mechanical loading and the mechanical properties of the composites increase. The structure of composite samples was investigated by X-ray and FTIR analysis. The mechanical properties were analysed by quasistatic and dynamic tests. The dielectric investigations were carried out using the SEMME (Scanning Electron Microscope Mirror Effect) method coupled with the measurement of the induced current (ICM).
19 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a polypropylene composite is reinforced with lignocellulosic materials such as rice husk, available in the environment in abundance, which can be used in automotive industries and as good building material.
Abstract: Abstract Commodity plastics such as polypropylene can be reinforced with lignocellulosic materials such as rice husk, available in the environment in abundance. Bonding between the polymer and rice husk can be improved by proper selection of compatibilizer or coupling agents. Thermoplastic composites thus prepared have potential applications in automotive industries and as good building material.
18 citations
18 citations
"Biocomposites reinforced with natur..." refers background in this paper
...iodegradable resins have been tested, including cashew ut shells [371,372] with hemp and kenaf fibers, polyutylene succinate (PBS) with jute fibers [373,374] bamboo bers [375], and hemp fibers [376], and polycaprolactone PCL) with flax fibers [377] and bamboo fibers [378]....
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