Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers: 2000–2010
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of literature on bio-fiber reinforced composites is presented in this paper, where the overall characteristics of reinforcing fibers used in biocomposites, including source, type, structure, composition, as well as mechanical properties, are reviewed.
About: This article is published in Progress in Polymer Science.The article was published on 2012-11-01. It has received 3074 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Biocomposite & Transfer molding.
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TL;DR: Lignin is one of the three major components found in the cell walls of natural lignocellulosic materials and is widely available as a major byproduct of a number of industries involved in retrieving the polysaccharide components of plants for industrial applications, such as in paper making, ethanol production from biomass, etc.
Abstract: Rising environmental concerns and depletion of petro-chemical resources has resulted in an increased interest in biorenewable polymer-based environmentally friendly materials. Among biorenewable polymers, lignin is the second most abundant and fascinating natural polymer next to cellulose. Lignin is one of the three major components found in the cell walls of natural lignocellulosic materials. Lignin is widely available as a major byproduct of a number of industries involved in retrieving the polysaccharide components of plants for industrial applications, such as in paper making, ethanol production from biomass, etc. The impressive properties of lignin, such as its high abundance, low weight, environmentally friendliness and its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and biodegradable nature, along with its CO2 neutrality and reinforcing capability, make it an ideal candidate for the development of novel polymer composite materials. Considerable efforts are now being made to effectively utilize waste lignin as one ...
1,065 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the most appropriate and widely used natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) and their applications is presented in this paper. But, the results of the review are limited due to the high water absorption, inferior fire resistance, and lower mechanical properties of NFPCs.
Abstract: Natural fibers are getting attention from researchers and academician to utilize in polymer composites due to their ecofriendly nature and sustainability. The aim of this review article is to provide a comprehensive review of the foremost appropriate as well as widely used natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) and their applications. In addition, it presents summary of various surface treatments applied to natural fibers and their effect on NFPCs properties. The properties of NFPCs vary with fiber type and fiber source as well as fiber structure. The effects of various chemical treatments on the mechanical and thermal properties of natural fibers reinforcements thermosetting and thermoplastics composites were studied. A number of drawbacks of NFPCs like higher water absorption, inferior fire resistance, and lower mechanical properties limited its applications. Impacts of chemical treatment on the water absorption, tribology, viscoelastic behavior, relaxation behavior, energy absorption flames retardancy, and biodegradability properties of NFPCs were also highlighted. The applications of NFPCs in automobile and construction industry and other applications are demonstrated. It concluded that chemical treatment of the natural fiber improved adhesion between the fiber surface and the polymer matrix which ultimately enhanced physicomechanical and thermochemical properties of the NFPCs.
1,022 citations
Cites background from "Biocomposites reinforced with natur..."
...This structure gives to thermoset polymer good properties such as high flexibility for tailoring desired ultimate properties, great strength, and modulus [3, 4]....
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...At 65% humidity at 21C, the equilibrium moisture content of some natural fiber can be observed in Table 4 [4]....
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...The plants, which produce cellulose fibers can be classified into bast fibers (jute, flax, ramie, hemp, and kenaf), seed fibers (cotton, coir, and kapok), leaf fibers (sisal, pineapple, and abaca), grass and reed fibers (rice, corn, and wheat), and core fibers (hemp, kenaf, and jute) as well as all other kinds (wood and roots) [4]....
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...Table 1: Natural fibers in the world and their world production [4]....
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...Table 2: Chemical composition of some common natural fibers [4]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a brief outline of work that covers in the area of biocomposites, major class of biodegradable polymers, natural fibres, as well as their manufacturing techniques and properties has been highlighted.
Abstract: The growing ecological and environmental consciousness has driven efforts for development of new innovative materials for various end-use applications. Polymers synthesized from natural resources, have gained considerable research interest in the recent years. This review paper is intended to provide a brief outline of work that covers in the area of biocomposites, major class of biodegradable polymers, natural fibres, as well as their manufacturing techniques and properties has been highlighted. Various surface modification methods were incorporated to improve the fibre–matrix adhesion resulting in the enhancement of mechanical properties of the biocomposites. Moreover, an economical impact and future direction of these materials has been critically reviewed. This review concludes that the biocomposites form one of the emerging areas in polymer science that gain attention for use in various applications ranging from automobile to the building industries.
894 citations
TL;DR: The prime aim of this review article is to demonstrate the recent development and emerging applications of natural cellulose fibers and their polymer materials.
775 citations
TL;DR: It is evident from the literature survey presented herein that modified cellulose-based adsorbents exhibit good potential for the removal of various aquatic pollutants, however, still there is a need to find out the practical utility of these adsorbent on a commercial scale, leading to the improvement of pollution control.
747 citations
Additional excerpts
...4 glycosidic linkages (Faruk et al., 2012; Henriksson and Berglund, 2007; O'Connell et al., 2008) (Fig....
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References
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TL;DR: In this article, the effect of fiber loading and the compatibilizer on the tensile properties of Hildegardia/polypropylene (PP) composites was studied.
Abstract: Biocomposites of Hildegardia/polypropylene (PP) were prepared. The effect of fiber loading and the compatibilizer on the tensile properties of these composites was studied. The interfacial bonding between the fibers and the matrix was examined using the fractographs. Using diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectra, the established bonding between the fibers and PP was investigated.
13 citations
"Biocomposites reinforced with natur..." refers background in this paper
...The effectiveness of MAH as coupling agent has discussed also on thermal and crystallization properties of sisal fiber/PP composites [226], tensile properties of hildegardia fiber/PP composites [227], wetting behavior of flax fiber/PP composites [228], transcrystallinity of jute fiber/PP composites [229], surface properties and water uptake behavior of flax, hemp fiber reinforced PP composites [230], effects of micro-sized cellulose based corn fibers as reinforcement agents in PP composites [231], and dynamic mechanical properties of flax and hemp fiber/PP composites [232]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a polypropylene composites reinforced by the ramier fiber and K2Ti6O13 whisker were successfully prepared by means of the torque rheometer blending and transfer molding.
Abstract: Polypropylene composites reinforced by the ramier fiber and K2Ti6O13 whisker were successfully prepared by
means of the torque rheometer blending and transfer molding Their mechanical properties were tested, and the fracture
surface of the composite was analysed by SEM technique Results showed that the mechanical properties were improved
by the addition of 10% of K2Ti6O13 whisker besides the impact strength The RF is benefit for improving the mechanical
properties of PP after being surface-treated properly
13 citations
12 citations
"Biocomposites reinforced with natur..." refers background in this paper
...biodegradable matrix type (PLA, PHBV, PBS) on regenerated cellulose fiber/biopolymer composites [451], the influence of bio based coupling agent on bamboo fiber/PLA and PBS composites [452], preparation of sandwich composite panels for building applications from jute/polyester [453], and the structural and mechanical characterization of sugar...
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TL;DR: In this paper, the thermal behavior of oil palm fiber-reinforced phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins with different chemical treatments were analyzed using differential scanning calcorimeter (DSC).
Abstract: Thermal behavior of oil palm fiber-reinforced phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resins with different chemical treatments were analyzed using Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). A well-defined peak of crystallization was observed in all the samples. However, in one of them a second exothermic peak also emerged, which indicates some structural changes at high temperature. Crystallization kinetics has been studied in terms of activation energy of crystallization, dimensionality of growth and stability using various recent theories developed for nonisothermal crystallization. The results indicate the surface nucleation and crystallization through one-dimensional growth. Thermal stability of PF composites increases after chemical treatment, and is maximum for resin treated with peroxide PF composite in comparison to fiber-treated PF composites. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 603–608, 2000
12 citations
"Biocomposites reinforced with natur..." refers background in this paper
...[160,161] investigated the stress relaxation cience 37 (2012) 1552– 1596 1559...
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TL;DR: In this article, the photocatalytic performance of the BPA removal was optimized at a Ti:C ratio of 9.5:0.5, and the carbon/TiO2 composite completely decomposed 10.0 ppm BPA after 210 min, whereas the pure TiO2 achieved no more than 50% decomposition under any conditions.
Abstract: photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results showed that the Ti-O bond was weaker in the carbon/TiO2 composite than in the pure TiO2, resulting in an easier electron transition from the Ti valence band to the conduction band. The carbon/TiO2 composite absorbed over the whole UV-visible range, whereas the absorption band in the pure TiO2 was only observed in the UV range. These results agreed well with an electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) study that showed that the electrons were rapidly transferred to the surface of the carbon/TiO2 composite compared to the pure TiO2. The photocatalytic performance of the BPA removal was optimized at a Ti:C ratio of 9.5:0.5, and this photocatalytic composite completely decomposed 10.0 ppm BPA after 210 min, whereas the pure TiO2 achieved no more than 50% decomposition under any conditions.
12 citations