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Journal ArticleDOI

Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers: 2000–2010

TL;DR: A comprehensive review of literature on bio-fiber reinforced composites is presented in this paper, where the overall characteristics of reinforcing fibers used in biocomposites, including source, type, structure, composition, as well as mechanical properties, are reviewed.
About: This article is published in Progress in Polymer Science.The article was published on 2012-11-01. It has received 3074 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Biocomposite & Transfer molding.
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TL;DR: Lignin is one of the three major components found in the cell walls of natural lignocellulosic materials and is widely available as a major byproduct of a number of industries involved in retrieving the polysaccharide components of plants for industrial applications, such as in paper making, ethanol production from biomass, etc.
Abstract: Rising environmental concerns and depletion of petro-chemical resources has resulted in an increased interest in biorenewable polymer-based environmentally friendly materials. Among biorenewable polymers, lignin is the second most abundant and fascinating natural polymer next to cellulose. Lignin is one of the three major components found in the cell walls of natural lignocellulosic materials. Lignin is widely available as a major byproduct of a number of industries involved in retrieving the polysaccharide components of plants for industrial applications, such as in paper making, ethanol production from biomass, etc. The impressive properties of lignin, such as its high abundance, low weight, environmentally friendliness and its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and biodegradable nature, along with its CO2 neutrality and reinforcing capability, make it an ideal candidate for the development of novel polymer composite materials. Considerable efforts are now being made to effectively utilize waste lignin as one ...

1,065 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the most appropriate and widely used natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) and their applications is presented in this paper. But, the results of the review are limited due to the high water absorption, inferior fire resistance, and lower mechanical properties of NFPCs.
Abstract: Natural fibers are getting attention from researchers and academician to utilize in polymer composites due to their ecofriendly nature and sustainability. The aim of this review article is to provide a comprehensive review of the foremost appropriate as well as widely used natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) and their applications. In addition, it presents summary of various surface treatments applied to natural fibers and their effect on NFPCs properties. The properties of NFPCs vary with fiber type and fiber source as well as fiber structure. The effects of various chemical treatments on the mechanical and thermal properties of natural fibers reinforcements thermosetting and thermoplastics composites were studied. A number of drawbacks of NFPCs like higher water absorption, inferior fire resistance, and lower mechanical properties limited its applications. Impacts of chemical treatment on the water absorption, tribology, viscoelastic behavior, relaxation behavior, energy absorption flames retardancy, and biodegradability properties of NFPCs were also highlighted. The applications of NFPCs in automobile and construction industry and other applications are demonstrated. It concluded that chemical treatment of the natural fiber improved adhesion between the fiber surface and the polymer matrix which ultimately enhanced physicomechanical and thermochemical properties of the NFPCs.

1,022 citations


Cites background from "Biocomposites reinforced with natur..."

  • ...This structure gives to thermoset polymer good properties such as high flexibility for tailoring desired ultimate properties, great strength, and modulus [3, 4]....

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  • ...At 65% humidity at 21C, the equilibrium moisture content of some natural fiber can be observed in Table 4 [4]....

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  • ...The plants, which produce cellulose fibers can be classified into bast fibers (jute, flax, ramie, hemp, and kenaf), seed fibers (cotton, coir, and kapok), leaf fibers (sisal, pineapple, and abaca), grass and reed fibers (rice, corn, and wheat), and core fibers (hemp, kenaf, and jute) as well as all other kinds (wood and roots) [4]....

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  • ...Table 1: Natural fibers in the world and their world production [4]....

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  • ...Table 2: Chemical composition of some common natural fibers [4]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a brief outline of work that covers in the area of biocomposites, major class of biodegradable polymers, natural fibres, as well as their manufacturing techniques and properties has been highlighted.
Abstract: The growing ecological and environmental consciousness has driven efforts for development of new innovative materials for various end-use applications. Polymers synthesized from natural resources, have gained considerable research interest in the recent years. This review paper is intended to provide a brief outline of work that covers in the area of biocomposites, major class of biodegradable polymers, natural fibres, as well as their manufacturing techniques and properties has been highlighted. Various surface modification methods were incorporated to improve the fibre–matrix adhesion resulting in the enhancement of mechanical properties of the biocomposites. Moreover, an economical impact and future direction of these materials has been critically reviewed. This review concludes that the biocomposites form one of the emerging areas in polymer science that gain attention for use in various applications ranging from automobile to the building industries.

894 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The prime aim of this review article is to demonstrate the recent development and emerging applications of natural cellulose fibers and their polymer materials.

775 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is evident from the literature survey presented herein that modified cellulose-based adsorbents exhibit good potential for the removal of various aquatic pollutants, however, still there is a need to find out the practical utility of these adsorbent on a commercial scale, leading to the improvement of pollution control.

747 citations


Additional excerpts

  • ...4 glycosidic linkages (Faruk et al., 2012; Henriksson and Berglund, 2007; O'Connell et al., 2008) (Fig....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, hollow extruded rice husk -HDPE beams were subjected to creep and recovery in flexural mode and the stress related nonlinear creep behaviour of the same was studied phenomenologically.
Abstract: Rice husk based plastic composites are increasingly being used as deck-boards, railings and other load-bearing materials. Since this material typically contains 40% plastic, and plastics creep with respect to time when they carry load, creep is an important issue here. So the viscoelastic characterization of this material and the prediction of creep as a function time is of paramount importance for the material's long-term commercial success. Creep is a time related deformation but it can also be affected by the stress level and environmental conditions, such as time and temperature. In order to predict the creep of this composite, it is important to derive a relationship between deformation, time, temperature, relative humidity and stress. Nonlinearity can exist in the stress, temperature, and moisture related deformation. In this study, hollow extruded rice husk -HDPE beams were subjected to creep and recovery in flexural mode and the stress related nonlinear creep behaviour of the same was studied phenomenologically. Both linear and non-linear region constants were determined with modified models, and a predictive model was developed. These constants will be used to define, model and predict long-term creep deformation.

9 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the properties of pineapple leaf fiber reinforced polycarbonate composites (PC/PALF) were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy and mechanical testing.
Abstract: This research is to study the properties of pineapple leaf fiber reinforced polycarbonate composites (PC/PALF). Surface of pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) was pre-treated with sodium hydroxide (PALF/NaOH) and modified with two different functionalities such as γ-aminopropyl trimethoxy silane (PALF/Z-6011) and γ-methacryloxy propyl trimethoxy silane (PALF/Z-6030). The effects of PALF content and chemical treatment were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy and mechanical testing. The modified pineapple leaf fibers composite also produces enhanced mechanical properties. Young’s modulus is highest in the case of the PALF/NaOH composites. The PALF/Z-6011 composites showed highest tensile strength and impact strength. In thermal property, the results from Thermogravimetric analysis showed that thermal stability of the composites is lower than that of neat polycarbonate resin and thermal stability decreased with increasing pineapple leaf fiber content.

8 citations


"Biocomposites reinforced with natur..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Pineapple leaf fiber was reinforced with polycarbonte to produce functional composites [114]....

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01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of fiber surface treatment on fracture properties of sisal fiber reinforced composites by permanganate and silane was evaluated with optical microscopy (OM).
Abstract: Sisal fibre is a kind of natural fibre which possesses high specific strength and modulus, low price, recycalability, easy availability in some countries. Using sisal fibre as reinforcement to make sisal fibre reinforced polymer composites has aroused great interest of materials scientists and engineers all over the world. Many researches have been done in recent years which include the study of mechanical properties of the composites, finding an efficient way to improve the interfacial bonding properties between sisal fibre and polymeric matrices and fibre surface treatment on the mechanical performance of the composites. Though many researches on sisal fibre reinforced composites have been done so far, none deals with the fracture properties of this novel composite which is crucial for the actual application of this material. In this research, Charpy impact test and compact tension test were employed to study the fracture toughness of sisal fibre reinforced vinyl ester and epoxy composites. The effect of fibre surface treatment on the fracture properties of these composites by permanganate and silane was evaluated. The initiation and propagation of the crack were observed with optical microscopy (OM). The fracture morphologies revealed by OM explains the fracture phenomenon of sisal fibre reinforced composites.

8 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: The effect of enzymatic treatment with cellulolytic and pectinolytic enzymes on the morphological structure and properties of flax fibre and yarn has been examined in this paper.
Abstract: The effect of enzymatic treatment with cellulolytic and pectinolytic enzymes on the morphological structure and properties of flax fibre and yarn has been examined. The enzymatic treatment has been introduced as a factor assisting the efficiency of the bleaching process. Attention has principally been concentrated on the application of such bleaching technologies which eliminate the chlorine compounds, and at he same time secure obtaining metrological indices and aesthetic values of yarn and physico-chemical properties of the fibres at the required level.

8 citations


"Biocomposites reinforced with natur..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Enzymatic treatment was also investigated with hemp fiber [234,235], and flax fibers [236]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the tensile, flexural, and impact strength distribution and the cost-effectiveness of kenaf bast fiber bundle (KBFB)- reinforced unsaturated polyester composites were studied.
Abstract: The tensile, flexural, and impact strength distribution and the cost-effectiveness of kenaf bast fiber bundle (KBFB)- reinforced unsaturated polyester composites were studied. Probability models including normal, two-parameter Weibull, gamma, lognormal, exponential, Burr, Pareto, and inverse Gaussian models were fitted against measured composite strengths. Taking the 5th percentile values as the composite's strength design values, the two-parameter Weibull model provided the most conservative composite strength design values. A cost-effectiveness analysis showed these composites were more cost-effective than glass fiber-reinforced sheet molding compounds (SMCs) for carrying tensile and flexural loads when their fiber loadings reached 51.2 and 56.3 percent (wt/wt), respectively. The KBFB-reinforced unsaturated polyester composites were less cost-effective than glass fiber-reinforced SMCs for carrying impact loads. This work suggests that natural fiber-reinforced composites have the potential to be viable replacement materials in applications where impact resistance is not critical.

8 citations