Biodegradation of phenol and cresol isomer mixtures by Arthrobacter
01 Nov 1997-World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology (Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers)-Vol. 13, Iss: 6, pp 659-663
TL;DR: The Arthrobacter species can degrade phenol, o-cresol and p-Cresol much faster than other microbes which are reported to degrade toxic compounds.
Abstract: The Arthrobacter species can degrade phenol, o-cresol and p-cresol much faster (as reflected in high specific growth rates) than other microbes which are reported to degrade toxic compounds In mixtures, phenol and p-cresol mutually inhibited each other; the inhibition constants show that phenol degradation is strongly inhibited in the presence of p-cresol rather than reverse o-Cresol enhanced phenol degradation marginally but o-cresol degradation was not affected by the presence of phenol
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: The kinetic model on the basis of Haldane kinetics, which used model parameters from single-substrate experiments to predict the outcome of the two- Substrate mixture experiment, established that the presence of o-, m- and p- cresol has not prevented complete phenol assimilation but had significant delaying effect on the phenol degradation dynamics.
Abstract: Most industrial wastes contain different organic mixtures, making important the investigation on the microbial destruction of composite substrates. The capability of microbes to remove harmful chemicals from polluted environments strongly depends on the presence of other carbon and energy substrates. The effect of mixtures of phenol- and methyl-substituted phenols (o-, m-, p-cresol) on the growth behaviour and degradation capacity of Trichosporon cutaneum strain was investigated. The cell-free supernatants were analysed by HPLC. It was established that the presence of o-, m- and p- cresol has not prevented complete phenol assimilation but had significant delaying effect on the phenol degradation dynamics. The mutual influence of phenol and p-cresol was investigated. We developed the kinetic model on the basis of Haldane kinetics, which used model parameters from single-substrate experiments to predict the outcome of the two-substrate mixture experiment. The interaction coefficients indicating the degree to which phenol affects the biodegradation of p-cresol and vice versa were estimated. Quantitative estimation of interaction parameters is essential to facilitate the application of single or mixed cultures to the bio-treatment of hazardous compounds.
31 citations
Cites background from "Biodegradation of phenol and cresol..."
...The same type of experiments for a biodegradation of aromatic compounds mixtures has been carried out with different prokaryotes [9, 13, 20]....
[...]
...MTCC1553 are quantified and categorized [13]....
[...]
TL;DR: The aerobic granular sludge system is a promising biotechnology for degrading wastewater containing high-strength cresols and enzyme assay results suggest simultaneous expression of ortho- and meta-cleavage pathways during cresol degradation.
Abstract: High-strength cresol isomers were treated with phenol-acclimated granules in batch experiments. The aerobic granules effectively metabolized cresol isomers at concentrations up to 1,500 mg l(-1). The modified Haldane kinetic model, used to assess the kinetic behavior during cresol degradation by granule cells, yielded a high maximum specific growth rate (1.13-1.45 h(-1)) and inhibition constant (617-952 mg l(-1)). The microbial community structure, which was stable under cresol stress, was principally composed of genera Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Corynebacterium, and Nocardioides. Enzyme assay results suggest simultaneous expression of ortho- and meta-cleavage pathways during cresol degradation. Under high cresol concentrations, however, cresol isomers were largely degraded via the meta-cleavage pathway, likely attributable to the activity of Bacillus. The aerobic granular sludge system is a promising biotechnology for degrading wastewater containing high-strength cresols.
31 citations
Cites background from "Biodegradation of phenol and cresol..."
...45 h ) and Ki (617–952 mg l ) values for granular sludge were higher than those in most reports for cresol-degrading suspended sludge systems (Kar et al. 1997; Maeda et al. 2005; Bai et al. 2007; Saravanan et al. 2008a, 2009; Wang et al. 2009a; Hutchinson and Robinson 1988; Acuna-Arguelles et al. 2003; Singh et al. 2008; Yemendzhiev et al. 2008)....
[...]
...…h −1) and Ki (617–952 mg l −1) values for granular sludge were higher than those in most reports for cresol-degrading suspended sludge systems (Kar et al. 1997; Maeda et al. 2005; Bai et al. 2007; Saravanan et al. 2008a, 2009; Wang et al. 2009a; Hutchinson and Robinson 1988;…...
[...]
TL;DR: It was found that the lab-scale biofilm reactor efficiently removed both herbicides at dilution rates ranging from 0.92 to 4.23 day−1, corresponding to hydraulic retention times from 1.087 to 0.236 days.
Abstract: Tordon is a widely used herbicide formulation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), and it is considered a toxic herbicide. The purposes of this work were to assess the feasibility of a microbial consortium inoculated in a lab-scale compartmentalized biobarrier, to remove these herbicides, and isolate, identify, and evaluate their predominant microbial constituents. Volumetric loading rates of herbicides ranging from 31.2 to 143.9 g m−3 day−1, for 2,4-D, and 12.8 to 59.3 g m−3 day−1 for picloram were probed; however, the top operational limit of the biobarrier, detected by a decay in the removal efficiency, was not reached. At the highest loading rates probed, high average removal efficiencies of 2,4-D, 99.56 ± 0.44; picloram, 94.58 ± 2.62; and chemical oxygen demand (COD), 89.42 ± 3.68, were obtained. It was found that the lab-scale biofilm reactor efficiently removed both herbicides at dilution rates ranging from 0.92 to 4.23 day−1, corresponding to hydraulic retention times from 1.087 to 0.236 days. On the other hand, few microbial strains able to degrade picloram are reported in the literature. In this work, three of the nine bacterial strains isolated cometabolically degrade picloram. They were identified as Hydrocarboniphaga sp., Tsukamurella sp., and Cupriavidus sp.
27 citations
Cites background from "Biodegradation of phenol and cresol..."
...2012), Arthrobacter (Efroymson and Alexander 1991; Kar et al. 1997), and Microbacterium...
[...]
...…of the genera Acinetobacter (Abdel-El-Haleem 2003; Liu et al. 2007), Ralstonia (Nickzad et al. 2012), Arthrobacter (Efroymson and Alexander 1991; Kar et al. 1997), and Microbacterium (Wang et al. 2009) have been reported as bacteria able to degrade a variety of anthropogenic hazardous…...
[...]
...For example, strains of the genera Acinetobacter (Abdel-El-Haleem 2003; Liu et al. 2007), Ralstonia (Nickzad et al. 2012), Arthrobacter (Efroymson and Alexander 1991; Kar et al. 1997), and Microbacterium (Wang et al. 2009) have been reported as bacteria able to degrade a variety of anthropogenic hazardous compounds, such as phenolic and chlorophenolic compounds, linear chain hydrocarbons, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and some pesticides....
[...]
...2), Arthrobacter sp. (97 %, EF093123....
[...]
TL;DR: The ability of the white rot fungus Trametes versicolor strain 1 to degrade and utilize methylated phenols (cresols) was established for the first time in a medium not containing any other carbon components, and the better potential of the strain to assimilate p-cresol instead of o- or m- cresol was demonstrated.
Abstract: The ability of the white rot fungus Trametes versicolor strain 1 to degrade and utilize methylated phenols (cresols) was established for the first time in a medium not containing any other carbon components. The data obtained demonstrated the better potential of the strain to assimilate p-cresol instead of o- or m- cresol. The 0.5 g/l p-cresol provided was degraded in full after 96 h. The effect of a dual substrate mixture (0.3 g/l phenol + 0.2 g/l p-cresol) on the growth behavior and degradation capacity of the investigated strain was examined. The cell-free supernatants were analyzed by HPLC. It was established that the presence of p-cresol had not prevented complete phenol degradation but had a significant delaying effect on the phenol degradation dynamics. Phenol hydroxylase, catechol 1.2-dioxygenase and cis,cis-muconate cyclase activities were obtained in conditions of single and mixed substrates cultivation. The influence of different phenolic substrates on phenol hydroxylase activity in Trametes versicolor 1 was established. The mathematical models describing the dynamics of single substrates’ utilization as well as the mutual influence of phenol and p-cresol in the mixture were developed on the bases of Haldane kinetics. The estimated interaction coefficients (I
ph/cr = 4.72, I
cr/ph = 7.46) demonstrated the significant inhibition of p-cresol on phenol biodegradation and comparatively low level of influence of phenol presence on the p-cresol degradation. Molecular 18S RNA gene taxonomy of the investigated strain was performed.
26 citations
Cites background from "Biodegradation of phenol and cresol..."
...In the conditions of co-metabolism or induction of required degrading enzymes the sum of the mutual interactions could lead to a positive effect (Kar et al. 1997; Reardon et al. 2002; Juang and Tsai 2006a, b; Saravanan et al. 2008b)....
[...]
...The patterns of multiple substrate utilization and substrate interactions in the biodegradation of paired substrates (phenol/p-cresol, phenol/ o-cresol) by Arthrobacter sp. MTCC1553 have been quantified and categorized (Kar et al. 1997)....
[...]
TL;DR: This study utilizes a novel, simple, and rapid method, the toxicity-to-extinction approach, to obtain the minimal functional consortium that can effectively degrade meta-, para-, and ortho- (o-) cresols.
25 citations
References
More filters
TL;DR: In this paper, the degradation of benzene, toluene, and p-xylene was investigated in sandy aquifer material and by two pure cultures isolated from the same site.
Abstract: Benzene, toluene, and p-xylene (BTX) were degraded by indigenous mixed cultures in sandy aquifer material and by two pure cultures isolated from the same site. Although BTX compounds have a similar chemical structure, the fate of individual BTX compounds differed when the compounds were fed to each pure culture and mixed culture aquifer slurries. The identification of substrate interactions aided the understanding of this behavior. Beneficial substrate interactions included enhanced degradation of benzene and p-xylene by the presence of toluene in Pseudomonas sp. strain CFS-215 incubations, as well as benzene-dependent degradation of toluene and p-xylene by Arthrobacter sp. strain HCB. Detrimental substrate interactions included retardation in benzene and toluene degradation by the presence of p-xylene in both aquifer slurries and Pseudomonas incubations. The catabolic diversity of microbes in the environment precludes generalizations about the capacity of individual BTX compounds to enhance or inhibit the degradation of other BTX compounds.
350 citations
TL;DR: Two Pseudomonas species were isolated from an aerobic pilot‐scale fluidized bed reactor treating groundwater containing benzene, toluene, and p‐xylene, and batch tests using paired substrates revealed competitive inhibition and cometabolic degradation patterns.
Abstract: Two Pseudomonas species (designated strains B1 and X1) were isolated from an aerobic pilot-scale fluidized bed reactor treating groundwater containing benzene, toluene, and p-xylene (BTX). Strain B1 grew with benzene and toluene as the sole sources of carbon and energy, and it cometabolized p-xylene in the presence of toluene. Strain X1 grew on toluene and p-xylene, but not benzene. In single substrate experiments, the appearance of biomass lagged the consumption of growth substrates, suggesting that substrate uptake may not be growth-rate limiting for these substrates. Batch tests using paired substrates (BT, TX, or BX) revealed competitive inhibition and cometabolic degradation patterns. Competitive inhibition was modeled by adding a competitive inhibition term to the Monod expression. Cometabolic transformation of nongrowth substrate (p-xylene) by strain B1 was quantified by coupling xylene transformation to consumption of growth substrate (toluene) during growth and to loss of biomass during the decay phase. Coupling was achieved by defining two transformation capacity terms for the cometabolizing culture: one that relates consumption of growth substrate to the consumption of nongrowth substrate, and second that relates consumption of biomass to the consumption of nongrowth substrate. Cometabolism increased decay rates, and the observed yield for strain B1 decreased in the presence of p-xylene.
277 citations
TL;DR: Three previously proposed models describing the kinetics of cometabolism by resting cells are compared, and the interrelationships and underlying assumptions for these models are explored.
Abstract: Experimental observations indicate that the rates of cometabolic transformation are linked to the consumption of growth substrate during growth and to the consumption of cell mass and/or energy substrate in the absence of growth substrate. Three previously proposed models (models 1 through 3) describing the kinetics of cometabolism by resting cells are compared, and the interrelationships and underlying assumptions for these models are explored. Models 1 to 3 are shown to converge at high concentrations of the nongrowth substrate. An expression describing nongrowth substrate transformation in the presence of growth substrate is proposed, and this expression is integrated with an expression for cell growth to give a single unstructured model (model 4) that encompasses models 1 to 3 and describes cometabolism by both resting and growing cells. Model 4 couples transformation of nongrowth substrate to consumption of growth substrate and biomass, and predicts that cometabolism will result, and decreased specific growth rates for a cometabolizing population. Competitive inhibition can also be incorporated in the model. Experimental aspects of model calibration and verification are discussed. The need for models that distinguish between the exhaustion of cell activity and cell death is emphasized. © 1993 Wiley & Sons, Inc.
190 citations
"Biodegradation of phenol and cresol..." refers background in this paper
...It has been reported that if compounds involve dioxygenases and monooxygenases in their degradation, competitive inhibition is likely ( Criddle 1993 )....
[...]
TL;DR: The evidence suggests that exposure of marine sediments to a particular PAH or benzene results in the enhanced ability of these Sediments to subsequently degrade that PAH as well as certain other PAHs.
Abstract: Rates of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation and mineralization were influenced by preexposure to alternate PAHs and a monoaromatic hydrocarbon at relatively high (100 ppm) concentrations in organic-rich aerobic marine sediments. Prior exposure to three PAHs and benzene resulted in enhanced [14C]naphthalene mineralization, while [14C]anthracene mineralization was stimulated only by benzene and anthracene preexposure. Preexposure of sediment slurries to phenanthrene stimulated the initial degradation of anthracene. Prior exposure to naphthalene stimulated the initial degradation of phenanthrene but had no effect on either the initial degradation or mineralization of anthracene. For those compounds which stimulated [14C]anthracene or [14C]naphthalene mineralization, longer preexposures (2 weeks) to alternative aromatic hydrocarbons resulted in an even greater stimulation response. Enrichment with individual PAHs followed by subsequent incubation with one or two PAHs showed no alteration in degradation patterns due to the simultaneous presence of PAHs. The evidence suggests that exposure of marine sediments to a particular PAH or benzene results in the enhanced ability of these sediments to subsequently degrade that PAH as well as certain other PAHs. The enhanced degradation of a particular PAH after sediments have been exposed to it may result from the selection and proliferation of specific microbial populations capable of degrading it. The enhanced degradation of other PAHs after exposure to a single PAH suggests that the populations selected have either broad specificity for PAHs, common pathways of PAH degradation, or both.
158 citations
TL;DR: The experiments indicated that toluene- and o-xylene-degrading bacteria are also able to degrade benzene, whereas naphthalene-, 1,,4-dimethylnaphthalenes-, and phenanthrene-degarading bacteria have no or very little benzene-degRading ability.
Abstract: This study dealt with the interactions with benzene degradation of the following aromatic compounds in a mixed substrate: toluene, o-xylene, naphthalene, 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrrole. The experiment was performed as a factorial experiment with simple batch cultures. The effect of two different types of inocula was tested. One type of inoculum was grown on a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons; the other was grown on a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrogen-, sulfur-, and oxygen-containing aromatic compounds (NSO compounds), similar to some of the compounds identified in creosote waste. The culture grown on the aromatic hydrocarbons and NSO compounds was much less efficient in degrading benzene than the culture grown on only aromatic hydrocarbons. The experiments indicated that toluene- and o-xylene-degrading bacteria are also able to degrade benzene, whereas naphthalene-, 1,,4-dimethylnaphthalene-, and phenanthrene-degrading bacteria have no or very little benzene-degrading ability. Surprisingly, the stimulating effect of toluene and o-xylene was true only if the two compounds were present alone. In combination an antagonistic effect was observed, i.e., the combined effect was smaller than the sum from each of the compounds. The reason for this behavior has not been identified. Pyrrole strongly inhibited benzene degradation even at concentrations of about 100 to 200 micrograms/liter. Future studies will investigate the generality of these findings.
136 citations