Biodegradation of phenol and cresol isomer mixtures by Arthrobacter
01 Nov 1997-World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology (Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers)-Vol. 13, Iss: 6, pp 659-663
TL;DR: The Arthrobacter species can degrade phenol, o-cresol and p-Cresol much faster than other microbes which are reported to degrade toxic compounds.
Abstract: The Arthrobacter species can degrade phenol, o-cresol and p-cresol much faster (as reflected in high specific growth rates) than other microbes which are reported to degrade toxic compounds In mixtures, phenol and p-cresol mutually inhibited each other; the inhibition constants show that phenol degradation is strongly inhibited in the presence of p-cresol rather than reverse o-Cresol enhanced phenol degradation marginally but o-cresol degradation was not affected by the presence of phenol
Citations
More filters
01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: The loss of an agreed route for the disposal of used machine tool Cutting fluids prompted the development of a new disposal process based on biodegradation, which has the potential to convert machine tool cutting fluids to forms more suitable for disposal as aqueous or solid waste.
Abstract: The loss of an agreed route for the disposal of used machine tool cutting fluids prompted the development of a new disposal process based on biodegradation, which has the potential to convert machine tool cutting fluids to forms more suitable for disposal as aqueous or solid waste. The feasibility of biodegradation was demonstrated through external research contracts. Three systems were examined, i.e. a model activated sludge system, a biofilm system incorporated in a biotower and a tank bioreactor. Significant biodegradation was reported for each system. Consequently, AWE installed an 80 litre tank bioreactor in a non-radioactive area to optimise the conditions for biodegradation and to select suitable methods for downstream treatment. The micro-organisms performing the biodegradation were selected from the natural population in used, non-radioactive machine cutting fluids held at AWE awaiting disposal. When established, they achieved a significant biodegradation (at least 60%), producing carbon dioxide and biomass. Ultrafiltration of the output of the bioreactor concentrated the biomass and residual organic material. The organic content of the permeate from ultrafiltration was further reduced to the standard for discharge to the environment by passage through a carbon filter.
3 citations
Dissertation•
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel strain named Pseudomonas sp. NBM11 isolated from the soil contaminated with phenol from hospital waste was investigated for its biodegradation potential.
Abstract: Phenol is one of the most common toxic environmental pollutants that originate mainly from industrial processes. It is a recalcitrant and hazardous compound, which is toxic at relatively low concentration and hence, USEPA has set a limit of 0.1mg/L of phenol as the permissible limit in the water bodies. It must be removed from the environment. The biodegradation methods for the treatment of phenol contaminated wastewater are more effective and less costly. The use of microbial catalysts in the purpose has advanced significantly during the past three decades and it has been found that large numbers of microbes coexist in almost all natural environments, particularly in soils.Most of the studies were done on the indigenous microbes isolated from the contaminated sites of industrial effluents and waste waters.But often the phenol contamination due to other sources has been overlooked by the scientific community. It is a well known fact that phenol is the major component of most of the disinfectant in recent time.Hence phenol contamination due to hospital wastes and sewage is a common problem in the water bodies located in the nearby areas. In the present study, a novel strain named Pseudomonas sp. NBM11 isolated from the soil contaminated with phenol from hospital waste was investigated for its biodegradation potential.
3 citations
TL;DR: The ability of the isolated indigenous strain to degrade 3-chlorobenzoic acid in both batch and continuous reactors represents a promising feature to improve the treatment of effluents.
Abstract: The degradation of 3-chlorobenzoic acid in polluted waters and synthetic effluents by a previously isolated indigenous strain of Pseudomonas putida was studied. Batch biodegradation assays were performed using a 2 L microfermentor at 28 °C with agitation. To simulate polluted water, 100 mg.L–1 of 3-chlorobenzoic acid were added to surface river water. Continuous-flow assays were performed in an aerobic up-flow fixed-bed reactor constructed from PVC employing hollow PVC cylinders as support material. Synthetic wastewater was prepared by dissolving 3-chlorobenzoic acid in non-sterile groundwater. Biodegradation was evaluated by spectrophotometry, chloride release, gas chromatography and microbial growth. In batch experiments the indigenous strain of Pseudomonas putida degrades 100 mg.L–1 of 3-chlorobenzoic acid in 28 hours with a removal efficiency of 92.2 and 87.2%, expressed as compound and chemical oxygen demand removal, respectively. In the continuous-flow reactor the removal of an average influent concentration of 98.6 mg.L–1 reached 91.7% of compound and 88.9% of COD removal. The process efficiency remained approximately constant despite changes in the influent flow, compound concentration and temperature. The absence of metabolites was determined by gas chromatography performed at the end of the batch process and at the effluent of the continuous reactor. The ability of the isolated indigenous strain to degrade 3-chlorobenzoic acid in both batch and continuous reactors represents a promising feature to improve the treatment of effluents.
2 citations
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: Result from this study indicates that the Pseudomonas resinovorans microbe can be used for the treatment of the phenol contaminated industrial waste water.
Abstract: Microorganisms are capable of degrading xenobiotic compounds such as phenol, producing innocuous end products. In the present study a bacterium, Pseudomonas resinovorans was investigated for its ability to grow and degrade phenol as sole source of carbon and energy. Experiments were also carried out with established phenol degrading microbes to draw a comparison study of the biodegradation potential under same physiological conditions. The biodegradation assays were performed in liquid medium with phenol as single substrate, with initial concentration of phenol ranging from 100 to 1000 ppm. With higher initial phenol concentration the lag phase and degradation time has been found to increase. It is found that Pseudomonas resinovorans is able to degrade phenol up to 750ppm in 120 hrs as free cell and 1000ppm of phenol in 60 hrs when immobilized in the calcium alginate beads. The higher concentration of phenol is lethal to microbe. Pseudomonas putida has been found to be the most efficient phenol degrading one over the others with degradation time of 144hrs for initial phenol concentration of 1000 ppm while it is able to degrade 750 PPM of phenol in 132 hrs. Pseudomonas resinovorans shows better degradation potential than Pseudomonas putida & Pseudomonas aeruginosa until the initial phenol concentration of the contamination is 750 PPM. Increasing the initial substrate concentration from 750 PPM inhibits the growth of the microbe. Result from this study indicates that the microbe can be used for the treatment of the phenol contaminated industrial waste water.
1 citations
References
More filters
TL;DR: In this paper, the degradation of benzene, toluene, and p-xylene was investigated in sandy aquifer material and by two pure cultures isolated from the same site.
Abstract: Benzene, toluene, and p-xylene (BTX) were degraded by indigenous mixed cultures in sandy aquifer material and by two pure cultures isolated from the same site. Although BTX compounds have a similar chemical structure, the fate of individual BTX compounds differed when the compounds were fed to each pure culture and mixed culture aquifer slurries. The identification of substrate interactions aided the understanding of this behavior. Beneficial substrate interactions included enhanced degradation of benzene and p-xylene by the presence of toluene in Pseudomonas sp. strain CFS-215 incubations, as well as benzene-dependent degradation of toluene and p-xylene by Arthrobacter sp. strain HCB. Detrimental substrate interactions included retardation in benzene and toluene degradation by the presence of p-xylene in both aquifer slurries and Pseudomonas incubations. The catabolic diversity of microbes in the environment precludes generalizations about the capacity of individual BTX compounds to enhance or inhibit the degradation of other BTX compounds.
350 citations
TL;DR: Two Pseudomonas species were isolated from an aerobic pilot‐scale fluidized bed reactor treating groundwater containing benzene, toluene, and p‐xylene, and batch tests using paired substrates revealed competitive inhibition and cometabolic degradation patterns.
Abstract: Two Pseudomonas species (designated strains B1 and X1) were isolated from an aerobic pilot-scale fluidized bed reactor treating groundwater containing benzene, toluene, and p-xylene (BTX). Strain B1 grew with benzene and toluene as the sole sources of carbon and energy, and it cometabolized p-xylene in the presence of toluene. Strain X1 grew on toluene and p-xylene, but not benzene. In single substrate experiments, the appearance of biomass lagged the consumption of growth substrates, suggesting that substrate uptake may not be growth-rate limiting for these substrates. Batch tests using paired substrates (BT, TX, or BX) revealed competitive inhibition and cometabolic degradation patterns. Competitive inhibition was modeled by adding a competitive inhibition term to the Monod expression. Cometabolic transformation of nongrowth substrate (p-xylene) by strain B1 was quantified by coupling xylene transformation to consumption of growth substrate (toluene) during growth and to loss of biomass during the decay phase. Coupling was achieved by defining two transformation capacity terms for the cometabolizing culture: one that relates consumption of growth substrate to the consumption of nongrowth substrate, and second that relates consumption of biomass to the consumption of nongrowth substrate. Cometabolism increased decay rates, and the observed yield for strain B1 decreased in the presence of p-xylene.
277 citations
TL;DR: Three previously proposed models describing the kinetics of cometabolism by resting cells are compared, and the interrelationships and underlying assumptions for these models are explored.
Abstract: Experimental observations indicate that the rates of cometabolic transformation are linked to the consumption of growth substrate during growth and to the consumption of cell mass and/or energy substrate in the absence of growth substrate. Three previously proposed models (models 1 through 3) describing the kinetics of cometabolism by resting cells are compared, and the interrelationships and underlying assumptions for these models are explored. Models 1 to 3 are shown to converge at high concentrations of the nongrowth substrate. An expression describing nongrowth substrate transformation in the presence of growth substrate is proposed, and this expression is integrated with an expression for cell growth to give a single unstructured model (model 4) that encompasses models 1 to 3 and describes cometabolism by both resting and growing cells. Model 4 couples transformation of nongrowth substrate to consumption of growth substrate and biomass, and predicts that cometabolism will result, and decreased specific growth rates for a cometabolizing population. Competitive inhibition can also be incorporated in the model. Experimental aspects of model calibration and verification are discussed. The need for models that distinguish between the exhaustion of cell activity and cell death is emphasized. © 1993 Wiley & Sons, Inc.
190 citations
"Biodegradation of phenol and cresol..." refers background in this paper
...It has been reported that if compounds involve dioxygenases and monooxygenases in their degradation, competitive inhibition is likely ( Criddle 1993 )....
[...]
TL;DR: The evidence suggests that exposure of marine sediments to a particular PAH or benzene results in the enhanced ability of these Sediments to subsequently degrade that PAH as well as certain other PAHs.
Abstract: Rates of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation and mineralization were influenced by preexposure to alternate PAHs and a monoaromatic hydrocarbon at relatively high (100 ppm) concentrations in organic-rich aerobic marine sediments. Prior exposure to three PAHs and benzene resulted in enhanced [14C]naphthalene mineralization, while [14C]anthracene mineralization was stimulated only by benzene and anthracene preexposure. Preexposure of sediment slurries to phenanthrene stimulated the initial degradation of anthracene. Prior exposure to naphthalene stimulated the initial degradation of phenanthrene but had no effect on either the initial degradation or mineralization of anthracene. For those compounds which stimulated [14C]anthracene or [14C]naphthalene mineralization, longer preexposures (2 weeks) to alternative aromatic hydrocarbons resulted in an even greater stimulation response. Enrichment with individual PAHs followed by subsequent incubation with one or two PAHs showed no alteration in degradation patterns due to the simultaneous presence of PAHs. The evidence suggests that exposure of marine sediments to a particular PAH or benzene results in the enhanced ability of these sediments to subsequently degrade that PAH as well as certain other PAHs. The enhanced degradation of a particular PAH after sediments have been exposed to it may result from the selection and proliferation of specific microbial populations capable of degrading it. The enhanced degradation of other PAHs after exposure to a single PAH suggests that the populations selected have either broad specificity for PAHs, common pathways of PAH degradation, or both.
158 citations
TL;DR: The experiments indicated that toluene- and o-xylene-degrading bacteria are also able to degrade benzene, whereas naphthalene-, 1,,4-dimethylnaphthalenes-, and phenanthrene-degarading bacteria have no or very little benzene-degRading ability.
Abstract: This study dealt with the interactions with benzene degradation of the following aromatic compounds in a mixed substrate: toluene, o-xylene, naphthalene, 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrrole. The experiment was performed as a factorial experiment with simple batch cultures. The effect of two different types of inocula was tested. One type of inoculum was grown on a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons; the other was grown on a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrogen-, sulfur-, and oxygen-containing aromatic compounds (NSO compounds), similar to some of the compounds identified in creosote waste. The culture grown on the aromatic hydrocarbons and NSO compounds was much less efficient in degrading benzene than the culture grown on only aromatic hydrocarbons. The experiments indicated that toluene- and o-xylene-degrading bacteria are also able to degrade benzene, whereas naphthalene-, 1,,4-dimethylnaphthalene-, and phenanthrene-degrading bacteria have no or very little benzene-degrading ability. Surprisingly, the stimulating effect of toluene and o-xylene was true only if the two compounds were present alone. In combination an antagonistic effect was observed, i.e., the combined effect was smaller than the sum from each of the compounds. The reason for this behavior has not been identified. Pyrrole strongly inhibited benzene degradation even at concentrations of about 100 to 200 micrograms/liter. Future studies will investigate the generality of these findings.
136 citations