Biodeterioration risk index of exhibit present in museum galleries of tropical climate
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a fungal biodeterioration risk scale to suggest gallery wise management priority for the museum curators, which was applied in a scale consisting low risk to very high risk of the gallery.
About: This article is published in Museum Management and Curatorship.The article was published on 2016-01-12. It has received 9 citations till now.
Citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, Claus and Bolander present a book called "Ecological Sanity: A Guide to Environmental Sanity" by George Claus and Karen Bolander. Pp. xv + 592.
Abstract: Ecological Sanity. By George Claus and Karen Bolander. Pp. xv + 592. (David McKay: New York, 1977.) $16.95.
50 citations
TL;DR: In this article, two large-format paintings by Italian artist Carlo Ferrario, Musas I and Musas II, located in the National Theatre of Costa Rica, were analyzed using multispectral imaging techniques.
Abstract: Establishing affordable, efficient, accessible, innovative, and multidisciplinary methodologies to the diagnosis of the conservation state of an artwork is key to carry out appropriate strategies of conservation and consequently to the creation of modern public policies on cultural heritage. Limited access to large-format paintings is a challenge to restoration scientists seeking to obtain information quickly, in a non-destructive and non-invasive manner, and identify regions of interest. Therefore, we put forward two unique software tools based on multispectral imaging techniques, with the long-term aim to assess the artist’s intentions, creative process, and colour palette. This development paves the way for a comprehensive and multidisciplinary understanding of the mysteries encompassed in each pictorial layer, through the study of their physical and chemical characteristics. We conducted the first ever study on Musas I and Musas II, two large-format paintings by Italian artist Carlo Ferrario, located in the National Theatre of Costa Rica. In this study, we used our novel imaging techniques to choose regions of interest in order to study sample layers; while also assessing the works’ state of conservation and possible biodeterioration. We explored the applications of our two versatile software tools, RegionOfInterest and CrystalDistribution, and confirmed paint stratigraphies by means of microscopy and spectroscopy analyses (OM, SEM-EDX, Fluorescent microscopy, FTIR-ATR and micro-Raman). In a pilot study, we identified the artist’s main colour palette: zinc white, lead white, chrome yellow, lead read, viridian, along with artificial vermilion and ultramarine pigments. We were able to identify artificial vermilion and ultramarine and distinguish them from the natural pigments using CrystalDistribution to map the average size and diameter of the pigment crystals within the paint layers. This study demonstrated that software-based multidisciplinary imaging techniques are novel in establishing preventive and non-invasive methods for historical painting conservation studies, in addition, this study provides tools with great potential to be used in the future in applications such as virtual restoration.
6 citations
TL;DR: Five sampling locations in Kolkata frequented by a heterogeneous human population, containing various types of fungal growth-promoting substances, were chosen as sampling locations where an Andersen Two-Stage Cascade Impactor was ran using Rose Bengal agar and Potato Dextrose agar media plates.
Abstract: This paper aims to quantify airborne fungal load in air-conditioned rooms and develop a health risk rating scale for different indoor environments. Five sampling locations in Kolkata frequented by a heterogeneous human population, containing various types of fungal growth-promoting substances (FGPS) like old documents, food items, waste hair, etc. were chosen as sampling locations where an Andersen Two-Stage Cascade Impactor was ran using Rose Bengal agar and Potato Dextrose agar media plates. Total spore load (CFU/m3), species diversity, species dominance, human exposure time, susceptible age and FGPS were considered the risk factors for this study. A risk rating scale was developed after evaluating the relative importance of these different factors in relation to human health. The most dominant genera were Aspergillus, followed by Penicillium. Maximum CFU was observed at library, followed by computer room.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, two unique software tools based on multispectral imaging techniques, RegionOfInterest and CrystalDistribution, were proposed to assess the artist's intentions, creative process, and color palette.
Abstract: Establishing affordable, efficient, accessible, innovative, and multidisciplinary methodologies are key to the creation of modern public policies on cultural heritage. Limited access to large-format paintings is a challenge to restoration scientists seeking to obtain information quickly, in a non-invasive manner, and identify regions of interest. Therefore, we put forward two unique software tools based on multispectral imaging techniques, with the long-term aim of assessing the artist's intentions, creative process, and color palette. This development paves the way for a comprehensive and multidisciplinary understanding of the mysteries encompassed in each pictorial layer, through the study of their physical and chemical characteristics. We conducted the first-ever study on Musas I and II, two large-format paintings by Italian artist Carlo Ferrario, located in the National Theatre of Costa Rica. In this study, we used our novel techniques to chose regions of interest in order to study sample layers; while also assessing the works' state of conservation and possible biodeterioration. We explored the applications of our two versatile software tools, RegionOfInterest and CrystalDistribution, and confirmed paint stratigraphies by means of microscopy and spectroscopy analyses. In a pilot study, we identified the artist's main color palette: zinc white, lead white, chrome yellow, lead read, viridian, along with artificial vermilion and ultramarine pigments. We were able to identify artificial vermilion and ultramarine and distinguish them from the natural pigments using CrystalDistribution to map the average size and diameter of the pigment crystals within the paint layers. This study demonstrated that software-based multidisciplinary imaging techniques are fundamental in establishing preventive and non-invasive methods for historical painting conservation studies and virtual restoration.
1 citations
16 Dec 2019
TL;DR: In this paper, an applicable risk model has been proposed regarding the condition of museums in the Czech Republic, using this model, the directors of agricultural museums can assess the most significant risks which may jeopardize the sustainability of museum operations over a three-year period.
Abstract:
This paper deals with the analysis of risks which threaten the future sustainability and operations of agricultural museums in the Czech Republic. In the section on methodology, an applicable risk model has been proposed regarding the condition of museums in the Czech Republic. Using this model, the directors of agricultural museums can assess the most significant risks which may jeopardize the sustainability of museum operations over a three-year period. The greatest risks, according to museum directors, are a lack money for investment, the inability to retain high-quality staff, and issues with technical support for exhibitions. Assessing the importance of risk is positively associated with previous experiences of a particular type of risk, whereas the association of the importance of risk with previous managerial practice is rather inconclusive.
1 citations
References
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TL;DR: Training librarians as one of the most important steps in libraries to preserve library materials is suggested because having no knowledge about threatening factors and the way to fight with them are the main reasons of most frequent damages to library resources.
Abstract: Background: The importance of preserving and maintaining printed materials is crucial for the libraries. Fungi play the main role in destroying wood and paper. Objectives: This research aimed to study and identify threatening fungal agents of library resources in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive analytical study. 126 samples were collected and examined for the presence of fungi. An open plate method was used to scan airborne fungal contents and triplicate samples were collected at four different locations in the morning, at noon, and in the evening. The fungal culture media were incubated at 25-30 C until growth appeared and then the fungi colonies were identified by routine mycological laboratory methods. Results: 1265 colonies of fungi belonging to 26 genera were identified in the air and different surfaces of books (references and circulation departments) and also surfaces of shelves in libraries. Cladosporium sp., Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp. and Alternaria sp. were the most common isolated fungi in libraries of Isfahan University of medical sciences. Conclusions: We suggest training librarians as one of the most important steps in libraries to preserve library materials because having no knowledge about threatening factors and the way to fight with them are the main reasons of most frequent damages to library resources. Using new methods and technologies of preserving and maintenance of materials should be a priority in library managers planning.
16 citations
"Biodeterioration risk index of exhi..." refers background in this paper
...Chadeganipour et al. (2011) have identified 1265 colonies of fungi belonging to 26 genera from the air and different surfaces of books and also surfaces of shelves in libraries....
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: There is no correlation established between the environmental factors like dew point, humidity, sea level pressure, and wind, whereas; temperature significantly correlated negatively and bio load of upwind significantly positively correlated with total viable cultivable fungi of downwind direction showing dental college hospital by itself is not a contributor of airborne fungi.
Abstract: It is supposed that extramural environments are the significant sources of intramural airborne fungal spores. The prevalence of airborne fungal spores are depended upon many biotic and abiotic factors, thus the airborne microorganism of any environment is specific in nature. The aim of this work was to monitor the occurrences and seasonal distribution of the airborne cultivable fungi in the air of a Dental College hospital associated environments at Indore in order to evaluate whether the Dental College hospital are a source of fungi of extramural environment or not. Airborne cultivable fungal spore levels were monitored by using Andersen two-stage viable (microbial) particle sampler. The Spearman correlation coefficients and stepwise linear regressions analysis test was used to analyze the influence of meteorological factors on spore concentration and paired Student’s t-test was used to compare bio load of total viable cultivable fungi of downwind and upwind direction, the percentage frequency and percentage contribution of individual genus were also reported. In both areas, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria, and yeast were the most abundant fungal types observed. The bioload of fungal spore presented maximum values during the winter and lowest in the season of summer. There is no correlation established between the environmental factors like dew point, humidity, sea level pressure, and wind, whereas; temperature significantly correlated negatively and bio load of upwind significantly positively correlated with total viable cultivable fungi of downwind direction showing dental college hospital by itself is not a contributor of airborne fungi. A regression model with upto 81.9% variance was prepared in order to predict the total viable cultivable fungal bioload for this atmosphere in relation to temperature and bioload of upwind area.
13 citations
"Biodeterioration risk index of exhi..." refers background in this paper
...The biodeterioration rate and vulnerability were supposed to increase at different microclimatic conditions (Pathak 2012)....
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TL;DR: An aerobiological survey of three fruit markets of Vadodara, India was undertaken during 2006 to determine various fungal pathogens present in the atmosphere using the petriplate exposure method, direct correlation was observed between percentage rot of fruits and occurrence of fungal spores in different months.
Abstract: Fungal organisms cause diseases in plants, animals, and human beings. They are responsible for deterioration of organic objects. Scientists have found that it is not the occurrence but quantum of inoculum or number of spores per unit area which has a direct effect on development of diseases in fields as well as in markets. An aerobiological survey of three fruit markets of Vadodara, India was undertaken during 2006 to determine various fungal pathogens present in the atmosphere using the petriplate exposure method. Isolations were also done from six fruits available during summer and rainy seasons. The surface washing technique yielded 12 micro fungi from Prunus avium. Direct correlation was observed between percentage rot of fruits and occurrence of fungal spores in different months.
12 citations
"Biodeterioration risk index of exhi..." refers background in this paper
...…such as hospitals (Sautour et al. 2009), homes (Basilico et al. 2007; Crawford et al. 2009), offices (Baxter et al. 2005), schools (Adhikari, Reponen, and Rylander 2013), library (Hayleeyesus and Manaye 2014), markets (Arya and Arya 2007), museums (Niesler et al. 2010; Grbić et al. 2013), etc....
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: Fungi play a considerable role in deterioration/degradation of cultural heritage due to their enormous enzymatic activity and seven fungal species showed ligninolytic potential activity based on their ability to oxidize dyes.
Abstract: Fungi play a considerable role in deterioration/degradation of cultural heritage due to their enormous enzymatic activity. A total of 112 fungal isolates were identificated from selected archaeological wood objects located at different areas (Islamic Art Museum, Storage area of Cheops's Solar Boat, Excavation of Saqqara and Grand Egyptian Museum). Aspergillus spp. were predominant in all investigated samples. Thirty seven fungal isolates were screened for cellulases, pectinases and ligninases activity. Aspergillus brasiliensis Varga, Frisvad et Janos and Penicillium duclauxii Delacroix exhibited high cellulolytic activity while Aspergillus amstelodami (Mangin) Thom and Cruch and Aspergillus parasiticus Speare have high pectinolytic activity. Seven fungal species showed ligninolytic potential activity based on their ability to oxidize dyes.
7 citations
"Biodeterioration risk index of exhi..." refers result in this paper
...Literature shows almost a similar observation in which some other workers (Osman et al. 2014) found 21 genera moulds and 4 genera of yeasts....
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01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focused on the examination of fungi infesting artworks and artifacts on paper and focused primarily on the mechanisms of deterioration by fungi and the role played by the composition of the substrates upon which the fungi grow.
Abstract: Our studies have focused on the examination of fungi infesting artworks and artifacts on paper. We have been concerned primarily with the mechanisms of deterioration by fungi and the role played by the composition of the substrates upon which the fungi grow. Several examples illustrate these relationships: (1) infestations that occurred after exposure to periodic floods (18th century Tilghman documents); (2) exposure to water spills (19th century watercolor and ink drawings); and (3) growth occurring in the microclimate of framed artworks exposed to fluctuating relative humidity (18th and 20th century panel portraits). Part of our investigation was aimed at the identification and numeration of the vast mycoflora that has been encountered on paper-based collections. Several groups of fungi appear to be common on the materials we examined. While Deuteromycetes (Fungi Imperfecti) dominate, we often find members of the Zygomycetes (bread molds), Ascomycetes (sac fungi) and Saccharomycetales (yeasts). Their growth is often linked to the materials upon which artwork and archival documents are rendered and the environment to which these works are exposed throughout their life. Moreover, fungus growth is often enhanced by the addition of artists' pigments and the great variety of materials, such as varnishes, glazes, and additives, applied later in the life of the artwork. The impact of the environment, specifically the time of the collections' exposure to moisture, greatly enhances both the number of species and the abundance of fungal growth. This report reviews the current status of our understanding of these fungus-substrate parameters, discusses their impact upon the preservation collections, and concludes by offering a number of suggestions to consider for future practices when choosing methods of conservation.
5 citations
"Biodeterioration risk index of exhi..." refers background in this paper
...The mechanism of deterioration usually depends on the structure of the materials and enzymes produced by the microorganisms (Szczepanowska and Cavaliere 2003)....
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