Biodeterioration risk index of exhibit present in museum galleries of tropical climate
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a fungal biodeterioration risk scale to suggest gallery wise management priority for the museum curators, which was applied in a scale consisting low risk to very high risk of the gallery.
About: This article is published in Museum Management and Curatorship.The article was published on 2016-01-12. It has received 9 citations till now.
Citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, Claus and Bolander present a book called "Ecological Sanity: A Guide to Environmental Sanity" by George Claus and Karen Bolander. Pp. xv + 592.
Abstract: Ecological Sanity. By George Claus and Karen Bolander. Pp. xv + 592. (David McKay: New York, 1977.) $16.95.
50 citations
TL;DR: In this article, two large-format paintings by Italian artist Carlo Ferrario, Musas I and Musas II, located in the National Theatre of Costa Rica, were analyzed using multispectral imaging techniques.
Abstract: Establishing affordable, efficient, accessible, innovative, and multidisciplinary methodologies to the diagnosis of the conservation state of an artwork is key to carry out appropriate strategies of conservation and consequently to the creation of modern public policies on cultural heritage. Limited access to large-format paintings is a challenge to restoration scientists seeking to obtain information quickly, in a non-destructive and non-invasive manner, and identify regions of interest. Therefore, we put forward two unique software tools based on multispectral imaging techniques, with the long-term aim to assess the artist’s intentions, creative process, and colour palette. This development paves the way for a comprehensive and multidisciplinary understanding of the mysteries encompassed in each pictorial layer, through the study of their physical and chemical characteristics. We conducted the first ever study on Musas I and Musas II, two large-format paintings by Italian artist Carlo Ferrario, located in the National Theatre of Costa Rica. In this study, we used our novel imaging techniques to choose regions of interest in order to study sample layers; while also assessing the works’ state of conservation and possible biodeterioration. We explored the applications of our two versatile software tools, RegionOfInterest and CrystalDistribution, and confirmed paint stratigraphies by means of microscopy and spectroscopy analyses (OM, SEM-EDX, Fluorescent microscopy, FTIR-ATR and micro-Raman). In a pilot study, we identified the artist’s main colour palette: zinc white, lead white, chrome yellow, lead read, viridian, along with artificial vermilion and ultramarine pigments. We were able to identify artificial vermilion and ultramarine and distinguish them from the natural pigments using CrystalDistribution to map the average size and diameter of the pigment crystals within the paint layers. This study demonstrated that software-based multidisciplinary imaging techniques are novel in establishing preventive and non-invasive methods for historical painting conservation studies, in addition, this study provides tools with great potential to be used in the future in applications such as virtual restoration.
6 citations
TL;DR: Five sampling locations in Kolkata frequented by a heterogeneous human population, containing various types of fungal growth-promoting substances, were chosen as sampling locations where an Andersen Two-Stage Cascade Impactor was ran using Rose Bengal agar and Potato Dextrose agar media plates.
Abstract: This paper aims to quantify airborne fungal load in air-conditioned rooms and develop a health risk rating scale for different indoor environments. Five sampling locations in Kolkata frequented by a heterogeneous human population, containing various types of fungal growth-promoting substances (FGPS) like old documents, food items, waste hair, etc. were chosen as sampling locations where an Andersen Two-Stage Cascade Impactor was ran using Rose Bengal agar and Potato Dextrose agar media plates. Total spore load (CFU/m3), species diversity, species dominance, human exposure time, susceptible age and FGPS were considered the risk factors for this study. A risk rating scale was developed after evaluating the relative importance of these different factors in relation to human health. The most dominant genera were Aspergillus, followed by Penicillium. Maximum CFU was observed at library, followed by computer room.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, two unique software tools based on multispectral imaging techniques, RegionOfInterest and CrystalDistribution, were proposed to assess the artist's intentions, creative process, and color palette.
Abstract: Establishing affordable, efficient, accessible, innovative, and multidisciplinary methodologies are key to the creation of modern public policies on cultural heritage. Limited access to large-format paintings is a challenge to restoration scientists seeking to obtain information quickly, in a non-invasive manner, and identify regions of interest. Therefore, we put forward two unique software tools based on multispectral imaging techniques, with the long-term aim of assessing the artist's intentions, creative process, and color palette. This development paves the way for a comprehensive and multidisciplinary understanding of the mysteries encompassed in each pictorial layer, through the study of their physical and chemical characteristics. We conducted the first-ever study on Musas I and II, two large-format paintings by Italian artist Carlo Ferrario, located in the National Theatre of Costa Rica. In this study, we used our novel techniques to chose regions of interest in order to study sample layers; while also assessing the works' state of conservation and possible biodeterioration. We explored the applications of our two versatile software tools, RegionOfInterest and CrystalDistribution, and confirmed paint stratigraphies by means of microscopy and spectroscopy analyses. In a pilot study, we identified the artist's main color palette: zinc white, lead white, chrome yellow, lead read, viridian, along with artificial vermilion and ultramarine pigments. We were able to identify artificial vermilion and ultramarine and distinguish them from the natural pigments using CrystalDistribution to map the average size and diameter of the pigment crystals within the paint layers. This study demonstrated that software-based multidisciplinary imaging techniques are fundamental in establishing preventive and non-invasive methods for historical painting conservation studies and virtual restoration.
1 citations
16 Dec 2019
TL;DR: In this paper, an applicable risk model has been proposed regarding the condition of museums in the Czech Republic, using this model, the directors of agricultural museums can assess the most significant risks which may jeopardize the sustainability of museum operations over a three-year period.
Abstract:
This paper deals with the analysis of risks which threaten the future sustainability and operations of agricultural museums in the Czech Republic. In the section on methodology, an applicable risk model has been proposed regarding the condition of museums in the Czech Republic. Using this model, the directors of agricultural museums can assess the most significant risks which may jeopardize the sustainability of museum operations over a three-year period. The greatest risks, according to museum directors, are a lack money for investment, the inability to retain high-quality staff, and issues with technical support for exhibitions. Assessing the importance of risk is positively associated with previous experiences of a particular type of risk, whereas the association of the importance of risk with previous managerial practice is rather inconclusive.
1 citations
References
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TL;DR: Deteriorated wooden sculptures and art photographs temporarily stored in the quarantine room of the Cultural Center of Belgrade were subject to mycological analyses and twelve fungal species were identified on the wooden substratum and five species were detected on photograph surfaces.
Abstract: Pieces of art stored in museum depots and display rooms are subject to fungal colonization that leads to bio- deterioration processes. Deteriorated wooden sculptures and art photographs temporarily stored in the quarantine room of the Cultural Center of Belgrade were subject to mycological analyses. Twelve fungal species were identified on the wooden substratum and five species were detected on photograph surfaces. Trichoderma viride, Chaetomium globosum and Alternaria sp. were the fungi with proven cellulolytic activity detected on the examined cellulose substrata. Indoor air mycobiota were estimated to 210.09 ± 8.06 CFU m -3 , and the conidia of fungus Aspergillus niger were the dominant fungal propagules in the air of the examined room.
45 citations
"Biodeterioration risk index of exhi..." refers background in this paper
...The species were proven to have cellulolytic activity detected on the examined cellulose substrata (Grbić et al. 2013)....
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...…such as hospitals (Sautour et al. 2009), homes (Basilico et al. 2007; Crawford et al. 2009), offices (Baxter et al. 2005), schools (Adhikari, Reponen, and Rylander 2013), library (Hayleeyesus and Manaye 2014), markets (Arya and Arya 2007), museums (Niesler et al. 2010; Grbić et al. 2013), etc....
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...leeyesus and Manaye 2014), markets (Arya and Arya 2007), museums (Niesler et al. 2010; Grbić et al. 2013), etc....
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...The objects such as wood, bamboo, silk fabric in indoor environment are prone to be the breeding place of fungal species (Kotowa 2004; Arya, Shah, and Sadasivan 2001; Grbić et al. 2013; Kavkler et al. 2015)....
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TL;DR: The obtained results demonstrated that a correctly operated air-conditioning system and limiting the number of visitors in the studied storerooms can significantly inhibit microbial contamination of the air and decrease deposition of bacterial and fungal particulates on exhibit surfaces.
Abstract: Biodeterioration of heritage collections caused by microorganisms is a worldwide problem. To avoid degradation caused by biological contaminants transported into the indoor environment by air, proper bioaerosol protection is required. The aim of this study was to assess the level of microbial contamination of the Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum collection based on qualitative and quantitative analyses of bacteria and fungi isolated from the atmosphere and settled dust of museum storerooms. The obtained results demonstrated that a correctly operated air-conditioning system and limiting the number of visitors in the studied storerooms can significantly inhibit microbial contamination of the air and decrease deposition of bacterial and fungal particulates on exhibit surfaces. The performed analyses confirm that an aerobiological assessment of museum premises is a useful tool in their hygienic evaluation and, if necessary, in decision-making regarding interventions to minimize biological decay of collections.
42 citations
"Biodeterioration risk index of exhi..." refers background in this paper
...…such as hospitals (Sautour et al. 2009), homes (Basilico et al. 2007; Crawford et al. 2009), offices (Baxter et al. 2005), schools (Adhikari, Reponen, and Rylander 2013), library (Hayleeyesus and Manaye 2014), markets (Arya and Arya 2007), museums (Niesler et al. 2010; Grbić et al. 2013), etc....
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...The biodegradation of proteinaceous materials such as parchment and leather can be caused by both bacterial (Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Clostridium, Streptomycetes) and fungal (Mucor, Chaetomium, Aureobasidium, Gymnoascus, Trichoderma, Verticillium, Epicoccum) strains (Niesler et al. 2010)....
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TL;DR: In this article, a 24-hour air sampling was performed on five consecutive days in four Cincinnati area homes and the results indicated that if long-term sampling methods are employed to characterize the bioaerosol exposure for a population, the sampling should be repeated in a larger number of homes as an alternative to replicate sampling in a fewer number of households.
Abstract: Characterizing the variation in bioaerosol concentrations is important for the estimation of health effects associated with bioaerosols and planning exposure assessment strategies. This investigation was conducted in order to develop a better understanding of exposure to fungal spores, pollen, and (1→3)-β-d-glucan, by determining the variations of their concentrations between and within homes. In the study, 24-h air sampling was performed on five consecutive days in four Cincinnati area homes. The samples (a total of 160) were taken simultaneously in four different rooms inside each home and at four different outside locations near the home using Button Personal Inhalable Aerosol Samplers. The relative sizes of the between- and within-home variability to the total variability were calculated for each outcome. The relative sizes of the between- and within-home variability in indoor air ranged from 0.10 to 0.52 and 0.09 to 0.10, respectively. For outdoor air, the between- and within-home variability ranged from 0.27 to 0.50 and 0.09 to 0.10, respectively. Thus, the ranges of within-home variability, both indoors and outdoors, were much less than the variability between different homes. The results suggest that, if long-term sampling methods are employed to characterize the bioaerosol exposure for a population, the sampling should be repeated in a larger number of homes as an alternative to replicate sampling in a fewer number of homes. When characterizing exposure within one home, the sampling should be repeated in different rooms, rather than repeating it on different days.
39 citations
"Biodeterioration risk index of exhi..." refers background in this paper
...…been carried out in India and throughout the world in different buildings, such as hospitals (Sautour et al. 2009), homes (Basilico et al. 2007; Crawford et al. 2009), offices (Baxter et al. 2005), schools (Adhikari, Reponen, and Rylander 2013), library (Hayleeyesus and Manaye 2014), markets…...
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the principal effects of moisture and temperature on mechanical and chemical stability of collections are discussed, and the effects of chemical changes in the materials and/or environmental action are discussed.
Abstract: The environmental factors affecting the chemical stability of objects in the collections of museums and historic sites include temperature, moisture, reactive chemicals in the air, and biological attack. The concentrations of deleterious airborne chemicals such as nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides are usually a function of a museum's proximity to cities, industrial sites and airports or to materials used in the building's construction. These chamicals can be filtered and avoided. Pest and biological issues such as insect and rodent infestations and mold growth are also important issues but will not be discussed here. The mechanical instability of museum objects may be seen in cracking, delamination, flaking of paint, powdering, etc. and may be the result of chemical changes in the materials and/or environmental action. However, this paper discusses only the principal effects of moisture and temperature on mechanical and chemical stability of collections
37 citations
"Biodeterioration risk index of exhi..." refers result in this paper
...Almost similar findings are reported by Mecklenburg and Tumosa (1999) and Abe (1996) where increasing humidity encourages the fungal growth in indoor air....
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TL;DR: The results indicate that outdoor air is a potential threat to public health because of harboring a wide array of pathogenic and allergenic airborne fungal spores which can serve as the main source of contamination of indoor environments such as homes, offices and hospitals.
Abstract: Airborne fungi are responsible for the majority of fungal infections in humans and animals. Outdoor air markedly influences the prevalence of fungal spore levels in indoor air and thus, it is the major source of fungal infections in indoor environments especially in hospitalized individuals. Using a settle plate method, air sampling (1092 air samples from 93 sampling sites in 22 geographic regions of Tehran) was performed by exposing 90 mm settle plates containing Malt extract agar and Potato dextrose agar to the air for 30 min. The plates were incubated at 28°C for 2–3 weeks and examined daily for visible fungal growth. Purified fungal colonies were identified at the genus level based on morphological criteria according to standard methods. A total of 6455 colonies belonging to 24 different fungal genera were isolated. Area V situated in the city center was the most contaminated region with 2523 fungal colonies (39.1%), while area IV in the West showed the least contamination rate (636 colonies; 9.8%). Airborne fungi isolated were classified into 4 classes including hyaline Hyphomycetes (53.5%), dematiaceous Hyphomycetes (41.6%), Zygomycetes (2.8%) and Coelomycetes (0.2%). Aspergillus (31.3%) was the most prominent isolated fungus followed by Cladosporium (22.1%), Penicillium (13.8%) and Alternaria (12.2%). Our results indicate that outdoor air is a potential threat to public health because of harboring a wide array of pathogenic and allergenic airborne fungal spores which can serve as the main source of contamination of indoor environments such as homes, offices and hospitals.
36 citations
"Biodeterioration risk index of exhi..." refers result in this paper
...The fungal load (Table 2) was compared with those of some other Indian or world studies (Gorbushina et al. 2004; Ana et al. 2006; Biswas et al. 2013; Ramos and Stephen 2014; Ghahfarokhi et al. 2014)....
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