Biogeochemistry of landfill leachate plumes
TL;DR: The literature has been critically reviewed in order to assess the attenuation processes governing contaminants in leachate affected aquifers as discussed by the authors, focusing on dissolved organic matter, xenobiotic organic compounds, inorganic macrocomponents as anions and cations, and heavy metals.
About: This article is published in Applied Geochemistry.The article was published on 2001-06-01. It has received 1195 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Leachate & Environmental remediation.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the long-term behavior of landfills with respect to changes in oxidation-reduction status is discussed based on theory and model simulations, and it seems that the somewhere postulated enhanced release of accumulated heavy metals would not take place within the time frames of thousands of years.
Abstract: The major potential environmental impacts related to landfill leachate are pollution of groundwater and surface waters. Landfill leachate contains pollutants that can be categorized into four groups (dissolved organic matter, inorganic macrocomponents, heavy metals, and xenobiotic organic compounds). Existing data show high leachate concentrations of all components in the early acid phase due to strong decomposition and leaching. In the long methanogenic phase a more stable leachate, with lower concentrations and a low BOD/COD-ratio, is observed. Generally, very low concentrations of heavy metals are observed. In contrast, the concentration of ammonia does not decrease, and often constitutes a major long-term pollutant in leachate. A broad range of xenobiotic organic compounds is observed in landfill leachate. The long-term behavior of landfills with respect to changes in oxidation-reduction status is discussed based on theory and model simulations. It seems that the somewhere postulated enhanced release of accumulated heavy metals would not take place within the time frames of thousands of years. This is supported by a few laboratory investigations. The existing data and model evaluations indicate that the xenobiotic organic compounds in most cases do not constitute a major long-term problem. This may suggest that ammonia will be of most concern in the long run.
2,122 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the main groups of aquatic contaminants, their effects on human health, and approaches to mitigate pollution of freshwater resources are reviewed, particularly on inorganic and organic micropollutants including toxic metals and metalloids as well as a large variety of synthetic organic chemicals.
Abstract: Water quality issues are a major challenge that humanity is facing in the twenty-first century. Here, we review the main groups of aquatic contaminants, their effects on human health, and approaches to mitigate pollution of freshwater resources. Emphasis is placed on chemical pollution, particularly on inorganic and organic micropollutants including toxic metals and metalloids as well as a large variety of synthetic organic chemicals. Some aspects of waterborne diseases and the urgent need for improved sanitation in developing countries are also discussed. The review addresses current scientific advances to cope with the great diversity of pollutants. It is organized along the different temporal and spatial scales of global water pollution. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have affected water systems on a global scale for more than five decades; during that time geogenic pollutants, mining operations, and hazardous waste sites have been the most relevant sources of long-term regional and local water pollution. Agricultural chemicals and wastewater sources exert shorter-term effects on regional to local scales.
1,407 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the key factors determining the fluxes of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) associated with submarine groundwater discharge and presented a compilation of measured rates, in particular, the water residence time and the redox conditions in coastal aquifers and sediments determine fluxes and ratios of N and P in SGD.
801 citations
TL;DR: The obtained data indicate that despite of short landfill's lifetime some parameters e.g. high pH, low COD concentration, low BOD(5)/COD ratio and low heavy metal concentration indicated that the landfill was characterized by methanogenic conditions already at the beginning of the monitoring period.
522 citations
TL;DR: This review stresses the need to integrate microbial ecology information into conventional denitrification design and operation at full-scale, and a combination of high-throughput approaches is next in line for thorough assessment of wastewater denitrifying community structure and function.
486 citations
Cites background from "Biogeochemistry of landfill leachat..."
...Comparatively, municipal waste landfill leachates are complex mixtures of high-strength organic and inorganic contaminants including humic acids, ammonia, heavy metals and other inorganic salts (Christensen et al., 2001)....
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References
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01 Jan 1993TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive and quantitative approach to the study of groundwater quality is presented in order to predict what the effect of present-day human activities will be on that scale.
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